JP2000070362A - Blood processing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high-performance and highly-reliable blood processing apparatus with reduced membrane clogging of a membrane module, improved blood processing performance, and enhanced patient adaptability. The above object is achieved by controlling the heating of an inlet chamber of a blood processing apparatus.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for supplying blood to a membrane module to process the blood and return it to the human body. The device of the present invention is a continuous slow hemofiltration,
In addition to continuous slow hemodialysis, continuous slow hemofiltration dialysis, plasma separation and exchange treatment, for example, separated plasma components are separated into large, medium molecular weight substances and small molecular weight substances by a second membrane module, and discarded A double-filtration type plasma separation / exchange treatment in which a replenisher of the same amount as a large or medium molecular weight substance is added to a small molecular weight substance and returned to the human body together with blood cell components. Can be suitably used for blood treatment by extracorporeal circulation such as plasma separation / adsorption treatment in which is returned to the human body together with blood cell components.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, blood processing apparatuses that supply blood to a membrane module to perform blood processing and return the blood to the human body are known. In these blood processing apparatuses, a blood processing circuit is provided upstream of the membrane module. Blood processing apparatus, comprising: an inlet chamber provided between the first pump device and the membrane module provided; and a blood return chamber provided between ends connected to a blood outlet section downstream of the membrane module. Are also known. However, the conventional blood treatment has the following problems, although the reason is not clear, and the solution has been strongly demanded. Membrane clogged membrane module. It is often difficult to achieve the blood processing performance of the membrane. It is often the case that good blood processing performance cannot be obtained for some patients. Conventionally, in order to solve the above problems, by improving the performance of the membrane itself, in order to solve such problems, the membrane is made hydrophilic, the membrane pore diameter is made uniform, the number of membrane pores is increased, and the antithrombosis of the membrane is increased. Attempts have been made, but no significant effect has yet been obtained.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a blood processing apparatus which solves the above-mentioned problems of a conventional blood processing apparatus, that is, a blood processing apparatus with less membrane clogging of a membrane module. Improve the blood processing performance of the membrane (increase blood processing volume, shorten blood processing time). Expand patient adaptability. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-performance and highly reliable blood processing apparatus that achieves the above.

[0004]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has attempted various experiments, and in the conventional blood processing apparatus, the above-mentioned inlet chamber was not controlled in temperature. Focusing on the fact that the temperature of the inlet chamber is inevitably fluctuating due to the change in the temperature of the atmosphere in which the blood processing apparatus is installed, and performing blood processing by controlling the heating of the inlet chamber, It has been surprisingly found that the above problem is solved. That is, the present invention provides a blood circulation circuit that introduces blood from a blood introduction unit to a membrane module containing a blood processing membrane, and returns blood after blood processing to a human body from a blood extraction unit, and a blood circulation circuit. A first pump device provided upstream of the membrane module, an inlet chamber provided between the first pump device and the membrane module containing the blood processing membrane, and a blood outlet downstream of the membrane module. The present invention relates to a blood processing apparatus having a blood return chamber provided between connected end portions, wherein at least an inlet chamber is heated and controlled. The heating control is desirably controlled in a range from room temperature to 42 ° C. Regarding the method of heating control,
Although there is no particular limitation, for example, a method of storing the inlet chamber in a box and controlling the heating by blowing hot air into the box, or a method of controlling the heating of the inlet chamber by heating a holder of the inlet chamber. Etc. may be applied. In the present invention, it is essential to control the heating of at least the inlet chamber.However, by controlling the heating of the blood return chamber as well, it is possible to give the patient a good sensation when the processed blood is returned to the human body. It is desirable.

[0005]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described more specifically, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

FIG. 1 shows an example of continuous slow hemodialysis which is one embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 shows an example of double filtration type plasma separation and exchange processing, and FIG. 3 shows an example of plasma separation and exchange processing. It will be explained in. FIG. 4 shows an example in which blood processing is actually performed using bovine blood.

Embodiment 1 In FIG. 1, a blood introducing tube 3 having a blood introducing section 1 is set on a first pump device 4 on the way, and thereafter connected to an inlet of a diafiltration filter 6 through an inlet chamber 5. The blood outlet pipe 8 extends from the outlet of the diafiltration filter 6 to the blood outlet section 2 via the blood return chamber 7, and forms a blood circulation circuit from the blood introduction pipe 3 to the diafiltration filter 6 and the blood outlet pipe 8. .
The diafiltration filter 6 has a built-in diafiltration membrane in the form of a hollow fiber or a flat membrane. This filtration membrane has a pore size of 40
In general, a homogeneous microporous membrane or a microfiltration membrane, or a so-called asymmetric membrane composed of a porous support layer and a microporous structure layer can be preferably used. An example of such a film is ethylene vinyl alcohol (EV
A) Cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate, polyolefin, polyacrylonitrile,
A homogeneous microporous membrane or an asymmetric structure membrane made of polyamide, polyester, polysulfone, or the like is used. Among these,
EVA system with excellent biocompatibility, cellulose derivative, P
It is desirable to use a film such as an MMA film or polysulfone.
The diafiltration filter 6 is provided with an outlet for filtrate filtrated by diafiltration through a membrane. The outlet is connected to a filtrate transfer tube 12, which is set in the second pump device 10. A dialysate transfer tube 13 connected to a dialysate supply source 11 is set in the second pump device 10, and a dialysate transfer tube 13 coming out of the second pump device 10 is set.
Is connected to the dialysate inlet of the diafiltration filter 6. The filtrate transfer tube 12 and the dialysate transfer tube 13 are the same
, The same amount of dialysis filtrate and dialysate from blood is replaced. Inlet chamber 5 in blood circulation circuit
Is installed in the heater box 9 and the temperature control device 14
By controlling the heating of the chamber inside the heater box 9, high-performance continuous slow hemodialysis is performed.

Embodiment 2 In FIG. 2, the blood introducing tube 3 having the blood introducing section 1 is set on the first pump device 4 on the way, and then connected to the inlet of the plasma filter 15 via the inlet chamber 5. The blood outlet tube 8 is connected to the blood return chamber 7 from the outlet of the plasma filter 15.
Through the blood introduction section 2, and a blood circulation circuit is formed from the blood introduction pipe 3, the plasma filter 15 and the blood extraction pipe 8. The plasma filter 15 has a built-in hollow fiber or flat membrane plasma separation membrane. The plasma separation membrane has a pore size of 0.02 to 0.4 μm, preferably about 0.1 μm, and is generally a so-called asymmetric microporous membrane or a microfiltration membrane or a so-called asymmetric membrane comprising a porous support layer and a microporous structure layer. A membrane can be used preferably. Examples of such a membrane include a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -based homogeneous microporous membrane, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVA) -based copolymer, a cellulose derivative such as cellulose acetate, a polyolefin, a polyacrylonitrile, a polyamide, and a polyester. A homogeneous microporous membrane or an asymmetric membrane made of polysulfone or the like is used. Among these, it is desirable to use a membrane made of PVA, EVA, cellulose derivative, polysulfone, or the like, which has excellent biocompatibility. The above plasma filter 15
Is provided with an outlet for plasma separated through a membrane. The outlet is connected to a plasma transfer tube (1) 16, and the plasma transfer tube (1) 16 is set in the second pump device 10, and It is connected to the entrance of the secondary membrane 18 via the membrane chamber 17. A waste liquid transfer pipe 22 is connected to the outlet of the secondary membrane 18, and the waste liquid transfer pipe 22 is set in a third pump device 19. A replenisher transfer pipe (1) 21 connected to a replenisher supply source 20 is set in the third pump device 19, and connected to the replenisher inlet of the secondary membrane 18 from the third pump device 19, 1
A filtered plasma transfer tube 23 is connected between the filtered plasma outlet 8 and the blood outlet tube 8. By setting the waste liquid transfer pipe 22 and the replenisher transfer pipe (1) 21 in the same third pump device 19, the same amount of waste plasma and fresh plasma is replaced. The inlet chamber 5 in the blood circulation circuit is a heater box 9
And the temperature control unit 14 controls the temperature of the chamber inside the heater box 9 to perform high-performance double filtration type plasma separation and exchange processing.

Third Embodiment In FIG. 3, a blood introduction tube 3 having a blood introduction section 1 is set on a first pump device 4 on the way, and then connected to an inlet of a plasma filter 15 via an inlet chamber 5. The blood outlet tube 8 is connected to the blood return chamber 7 from the outlet of the plasma filter 15.
Through the blood introduction section 2, and a blood circulation circuit is formed from the blood introduction pipe 3, the plasma filter 15 and the blood extraction pipe 8. The plasma filter 15 here incorporates the same plasma separation membrane as used in the double filtration type plasma separation / exchange process, and the plasma filter 15 is provided with an outlet for plasma separated through the membrane. A plasma transfer tube (2) 24 is connected to the outlet,
The plasma transfer tube (2) 24 is set in the second pump device 10. A replenisher transfer tube (2) 25 connected to the replenisher supply source 20 is set in the second pump device 10, and the replenisher transfer tube (2) coming out of the second pump device 10 is set.
25 is connected to the blood outlet tube 8. The above plasma transfer tube (2)
24 and the replenisher transfer pipe (2) 25
, The same amount of waste plasma from blood and fresh plasma is replaced. The inlet chamber 5 in the blood circulation circuit is installed in the heater box 9 and the temperature controller 1
By performing the heating control of the chamber inside the heater box 9 with 4, a high-performance plasma separation and exchange process is performed.

EXAMPLE 4 Bovine blood adjusted to a blood cell component ratio of 37% and a total protein concentration of 6.0 g / dL was subjected to a blood flow rate of 100 mL / min and a plasma filtration flow rate of 30.
In the blood treatment circuit shown in FIG. 4, the inlet chamber was heated to 40 ° C. and filtered and circulated at a rate of 3000 mL / min.
The transmembrane pressure at the time of the mL treatment was 10 mmHg, the sieving coefficient of total protein was 1.0, and there was no hollow fiber remaining. On the other hand, the blood cell component ratio was 37%, and the total protein concentration was 6.0 g / d.
When the bovine blood adjusted to L was filtered and circulated at a blood flow rate of 100 mL / min and a plasma filtration flow rate of 30 mL / min without heating control of the inlet chamber in the blood processing circuit shown in FIG.
The transmembrane pressure at the time of the 00 mL treatment was 30 mmHg, the sieving coefficient of the total protein was 0.9, and 20 out of 3020 hollow fibers with residual blood were observed.

[0011]

As described above, according to the present invention, by controlling the heating of at least the inlet chamber, although the reason is not clear, surprisingly, the occurrence of membrane clogging of the membrane module is small, and Improved blood processing performance (increased blood processing volume, shortened blood processing time), expanded patient adaptability (capable of coagulating patients), and obtained a high-performance, highly reliable blood processing device be able to.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a continuous slow hemodialysis apparatus which is one embodiment of the blood processing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a double filtration type plasma separation / exchange processing apparatus which is one embodiment of the blood processing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a plasma separation / exchange processing apparatus which is one embodiment of the blood processing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a plasma separation / exchange process performed using bovine blood.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 blood introduction unit 2 blood extraction unit 3 blood introduction tube 4 first pump device 5 inlet chamber 6 dialysis filter 7 blood return chamber 8 blood extraction tube 9 heater box 10 second pump device 11 dialysate supply source 12 filtrate transfer tube Reference Signs List 13 dialysate transfer tube 14 temperature control device 15 plasma filter 16 plasma transfer tube (1) 17 secondary membrane chamber 18 secondary membrane 19 third pump device 20 replenisher supply source 21 replenisher transfer tube (1) 22 waste liquid Transfer tube 23 filtered plasma transfer tube 24 plasma transfer tube (2) 25 replenisher transfer tube (2) 26 bovine blood tank

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on front page (72) Inventor Shuhei Nakaji 1621 Sazu, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama Prefecture Kuraray Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 4C077 AA05 BB01 BB02 CC06 DD07 DD13 DD16 EE01 EE02 EE04 LL05 NN03

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A blood circulation circuit for introducing blood from a blood introduction unit into a membrane module containing a blood processing membrane, and returning blood after blood processing to a human body via a blood outlet unit. A first pump device provided upstream of the membrane module, an inlet chamber provided between the first pump device and the membrane module containing the blood processing membrane, and a blood outlet section downstream of the membrane module. A blood processing apparatus having a blood return chamber provided between ends connected to the blood processing apparatus, wherein at least the inlet chamber is heated and controlled. 2. The blood processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of at least the inlet chamber is controlled to be in a range from room temperature to 42 ° C. 3. An entrance chamber is housed in a box,
The blood processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein heating of the inlet chamber is controlled by blowing hot air into the box. 4. The blood processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating of the holder of the inlet chamber is controlled by heating the inlet chamber. 5. The blood processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein heating of the inlet chamber and the blood return chamber is controlled. 6. An inlet chamber and a blood return chamber,
The blood processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein heating is controlled to be in a range from room temperature to 42 ° C. 7. The blood processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inlet chamber and the blood return chamber are housed in a box, and the heating of the inlet chamber is controlled by blowing hot air into the box. 8. The blood processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating of the holder of the inlet chamber and the blood return chamber is controlled by heating the inlet chamber.