ITBO20130606A1 - FUNGICIDE BASED ON NATURAL EXTRACTS - Google Patents

Description

FUNGICIDE BASED ON NATURAL EXTRACTS

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is part of the technical sector concerning the control of parasites such as fungi, molds and bacteria in the field of agriculture and both domestic and civil disinfestation and in particular refers to a fungicide based on natural extracts.

Natural fungicides based on plant and herb extracts, such as some alkaloids and certain terpenes, are known; than synthetic organic fungicides that have good efficacy, with a high environmental impact and a certain toxicity towards the user.

The main object of the present invention is to propose a fungicide based on zeolite on which the natural extracts which contrast fungi and molds are adsorbed with a dosage of active ingredients lower than the known synthetic products.

Another purpose is to propose a fungicide that can be used on plants, in soils, in seeds and in both domestic and civil use as a fungicide, bactericide and anti-mold of plants and environments that is endowed with a high control action, a low environmental impact or null and no toxic effect towards mankind and useful insects.

The zeolite, in combination with the natural extracts, of this invention shows a fundamental synergistic action. In fact, in combination with the alkaloids and terpenes present, it fights infestations of fungi and bacteria. Zeolite helps systemic activity: thanks to its particular very fine particle size it is rapidly assimilated by penetrating into the stomata of the leaves, keeping the molecules of alkaloids and terpenes adsorbed on its surface and active in contact with fungal pathogens such as downy mildew (phytophthora, bremia ), molds, powdery mildew and brown spots, as well as numerous bacteria. The penetration of zeolite into the stomata of the leaves is also resistant to washout and increases the effectiveness of natural plant molecules active against pathogens.

Said fungicide can be diluted or dispersed in water or any other liquid to be used in foliar treatments using conventional equipment. Furthermore, the fungicide can be used, at low dosages, for seed treatments or it can be used as it is directly for the treatment of soils and environments.

Said fungicide includes finely micronized zeolite, a mixture formed by the alkaloid berberine, a terpene, carvacrol and one or more of the following molecules: toosedanine, osthole from cnidium monnieri, reynoutria sachalinensis, cumin extract, matrine, oxymatrine, sophocarpine, n- oxysophocarpine, cytisine, aloperine.

Natural zeolite is a mineral with a regular and microporous crystalline structure, has a structural framework based on aluminosilicate with raw chemical formula Na12 [(SiO2) 12 (AlO2) 12] 27H2O. Synthetic zeolites are synthesized through high pressure processing with the aid of autoclaves. Permutites, for example, are a class of synthetic zeolites obtained by melting mixtures of quartz, kaolin and sodium carbonate.

The zeolite of the present invention can be of natural or synthetic origin and its particle size must have an average diameter of around 3µm.

The berberine molecule can be extracted from plants such as: berberis aquifolium, berberis vulgaris, berberis aristata, hydrastis canadensis, xanthorhiza simplicissima, phellodendron amurense, coptis chinensis, tinospora cordifolia, argemone mexicana and eschscholzia californica.

Carvacrol is present in the essential oil of origanum vulgare (oregano) and other natural herbs in different concentrations. The essential oil of thyme in tymus vulgaris contains between 5% and 75% of carvacrol, while the satureja (savory) has a content between 1% and 45%. The origanum majorana (marjoram) and the clay dittamus are rich in carvacrol with concentrations between 60% and 80%. The carvacrol of the present invention can be extracted from a natural grass or also obtained synthetically.

In addition, the fungicide includes a mixture of berberine, a terpene (carvacrol) and one or more of the following molecules: toosedanin, osthole from cnidium monnieri, reynoutria sachalinensis, cumin extract, matrine, oxymatrine, sophocarpine, n-oxysophocarpine, cytisine, aloperine in a concentration ranging from 0.01% to 30% by weight.

Furthermore, said fungicide comprises synthetic or natural zeolite having a particle size d50 = 2-4µm, d99 <10µm in a concentration ranging from 10% to 90% by weight.

The fungicide also includes a non-ionic surfactant to be chosen from polyoxyethylated alkylphenols, dioctylsulfosuccinates, alkylphenols, polyoxyethylated monoesters of sorbitan, sorbitan monoleats, polyoxyethylated fats or aryl-alkyl alcohols, fatty acids and esters of fatty acids.

The fungicide comprises an anionic emulsifier chosen from alkylphenols, polyoxyethylates, dioctylsulfosuccinates, alkylphenols, monoesters, sorbitan polyoxyethylates, sorbitan monoleats, polyoxyethylated fats or aryl-alkyl alcohols, fatty acids and esters of fatty acids.

The fungicide comprises a cationic emulsifier chosen from quaternary ammonium salts and primary, secondary and tertiary amine salts, amphoteric emulsifiers in their zwitterionic or mono ionic forms.

In variants of the preferred embodiment, the fungicide can further comprise at least one solvent comprised between: water, vegetable oils, mineral oils, esterified vegetable oils, glycols, alcohols, naphtha, xylenes, butanol, pentane, hexane, kerosene, gas oil, DMSO.

The fungicide may include aggregates and / or other adsorbents such as sands, clays, silicas, sepiolites, carbonates, sodium, potassium and ammonium alginates, gypsum, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, oyster or mollusc shell meal, talc, oxides of titanium, aluminum silicates, mica, lithopone, white lead, starches, carbon black, vegetable or mineral carbon, urea, urea formaldehyde, sugars, cellulose polymers, celites, flours obtained by grinding cereals or any part of vegetables.

To improve the chemical stability of the formulation, the fungicide includes acidifying agents, basifying agents, pH regulators, antioxidant agents, bactericidal agents, anti-fermentation agents or similar.

In addition, the fungicide may include one or a combination of elements chosen from: nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium and sulfur, which act as adjuvants for the fungicidal function or as fertilizers to help the plant. The fungicide can also include one or a combination of microelements chosen from: iron, manganese, zinc, aluminum, boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine and molybdenum, in any chemical form and in particular in the form of salts or chelates, which chemical forms are particularly effective as adjuvants for the fungicide function or as fertilizers for the help of the plant.

The molecules of the alkaloid and terpenes active ingredients used in the preparation of the fungicide are natural extracts of the corresponding plants.

Alternatively, it is possible to use the same molecules obtained synthetically. According to the specific needs of the user, the fungicide can be in liquid, solid or liquid form under pressure for aerosol.

In particular, if the fungicide is in liquid form, the active principles are dissolved and / or dispersed in water or in an organic solvent or dispersed and / or in suspension in any suitable liquid medium.

If the fungicide is in solid form, it comes in the form of wettable or dry powder, of granular material (macro or micro), even water dispersible.

Example 1

According to a first formulation (F1), the fungicide based on natural extracts includes the following elements with the concentrations expressed by weight:

� pure synthetic zeolite with grain size d50 = 2–4µm; d99 <10µm, about 88%; � berberine equal to about 1%,

� carvacrol extract to obtain exactly 1% carvacrol;

� sodium lignyl sulfonate emulsifier equal to about 3%;

� emulsifier 4-4 'dihydroxydiphenyl sulphonate equal to about 1%;

� silicon dioxide or amorphous synthetic silica of precipitation equal to about 2%; � water with phosphate buffer and DMSO equal to about 2%.

The raw materials used for the preparation of 100Kg of fungicide are: � 88kg of pure synthetic zeolite;

� 2.9kg of natural extracted thymol essential oil with 35% carvacrol; � 1.1kg of berberis aquifolium, berberis vulgaris, berberis aristata or other plant containing 98% berberine extract;

� 3kg of lignyl sulfonate sodium salt;

� 1kg of demineralized water at pH = 7 with phosphate buffer;

� 1kg of pure industrial grade dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO);

� 1kg of 4-4 'dihydroxydiphenyl sulphonate;

� 2kg silicon dioxide.

The preparation of the first formulation (F1) involves:

� micronize the zeolite by means of a special system until it is of the appropriate fineness: that is, having a particle size d50 = 2-4µm and d99 <10µm, for example by means of a system equipped with fluid jet grinding technology in an air stream at room temperature;

� load 88kg of zeolite into a special mixer for powders equipped with a pressure pump and a system of nozzles for the continuous spraying of liquid rain with a diameter of 0.1mm;

� keep the zeolite in constant agitation;

� introduce 1kg of buffered water at pH = 7 with phosphate buffer and 1kg of DMSO into a small steel reactor equipped with a "jacket" with heating system and mechanical stirrer;

� heat up to a temperature of 37 ° C;

� then introduce 1.1 kg of berberine extract;

� stir the solution mechanically until the extract is completely dissolved, maintaining the temperature constant at 37 ° C;

� when the aqueous solution of berberine is clear, spray it using the nozzles on the zeolite kept stirring in the first mixer;

Keep the mixture thus obtained under stirring at room temperature for at least 30 minutes;

� then spray on the mixture of zeolite and berberine, using the same system of nozzles, 2.9 kg of thyme oil containing carvacrol;

� keep the mixture stirred for another 30 minutes;

Finally, at room temperature and with constant stirring, introduce consecutively in the following order: 2kg of silicon dioxide, 1kg of 4-4 'dihydroxydiphenyl sulphonate and 3kg of lignyl sulfonate sodium salt;

� mix the resulting mixture further for at least 60 minutes.

Example 2

In a second formulation (F2) the fungicide differs from that of the first formulation (F1) in that it includes the following elements at the concentrations expressed by weight:

� zeolite equal to about 80%;

� carvacrol equal to about 0.5%;

� berberine equal to about 0.5%;

� matrine extracted from sophora flavescens ait. or sophora alopecuroides l.

containing at least 20% of matrine equal to about 2%.

The procedure for obtaining the second formulation (F2) of the fungicide is the same as described for the first formulation (F1).

Example 3

In a third formulation (F3) the fungicide differs from that of the first formulation (F1) in that it is in the form of a suspo-emulsion with the following elements at the concentrations expressed by weight:

� zeolite equal to about 20%;

� berberine equal to about 2%;

� carvacrol equal to about 1%;

� water, surfactants, thickening agents, preservatives and pH regulators when 100% is reached.

The procedure for obtaining the third formulation (F3) is initially consistent with that of the first formulation (F1). Once the active principles of the alkaloids have been nebulized on the micronized zeolite, the mixture is added with water to obtain a fluid aqueous paste.

This aqueous paste is subsequently further homogenized and micronized by means of a microspheres mill for about two hours, keeping it at a temperature below 35 ° C. Subsequently, the surfactant tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate salt TEA is added, in a mixture of fatty acids, ethoxylated alkylphenols and organic sulfonates salified in the ratio of 2.5%; xanthan gum thickening agent in the ratio of 0.2%; 5% propylene glycol; the bactericidal preservative 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one in the ratio of 0.05% and citric acid monohydrate enough to stabilize the pH at a value of about 7. The suspo-emulsion thus obtained is kept at room temperature and constantly shaking for at least 60 minutes.

The fungicide may also include other molecules of natural extracts, such as toosedanin, osthole from cnidium monnieri, reynoutria sachalinensis, cumin extract, matrine, oxymatrine, sophocarpine, n-oxysophocarpine, cytisine, haloperine which can be used in all formulations (F1, F2 and F3) in percentages between 0.01% and 20%.

The effectiveness of the fungicide object of the present invention was verified by means of a series of experimental tests described in detail below.

First experimental test

The fungicide according to the first formulation (F1) was tested against gray mold (botrytis cinerea) on vines in the open field and compared with another treatment performed in parallel on the same weed through a series of tests conducted on a farm.

The solution containing the fungicide was applied using a petrol engine pump with a 25l tank operating at 3bar with conical nozzles and distributing about 1000l of solution per hectare.

The following table 1 shows the comparison between the fungicide according to the first formulation (F1) with a dilution equal to 200g / 100l and a solution based on cyprodinil at 37.5% fludioxonil at 25% WG, with a dilution equal to 150g / 100l.

Table 1 1st tratt. 2nd Negotiation 3rd Treat. 21 days Effectiveness% Screw, open field Pre-closed. grapp. Pre-harvest veraison

Botrytis cinerea% bunches% bunches% bunches 2nd treat. 3rd deal Reference sample 0.00 39.84 94.35 / / Fungicide F1 0.00 1.04 0.88 97.4 99.0 yprodinil Fludioxonil 0.00 0.96 0.79 97.6 99.2 During testing The climatic conditions were monitored and found to be in agreement with the seasonal averages.

The data collected demonstrated comparable efficacy to conventional synthetic fungicides.

Second experimental test

The fungicide according to the first formulation (F1) was tested against gray mold (botrytis cinerea) on strawberry in the open field and compared with another treatment performed in parallel on the same weed through a series of tests conducted on a farm.

The solution containing the fungicide was applied using a petrol engine pump with a 25l capacity tank operating at a pressure of 3 bar with conical nozzles and distributing about 600l of solution per hectare.

The following table 2 shows the comparison between the fungicide according to the first formulation (F1) with a dilution equal to 200g / 100l and a solution based on cyprodinil at 37.5% fludioxonil at 25% WG, with a dilution equal to 150g / 100l.

Table 2 1st Negotiation 2nd Negotiation 3rd Negotiation Effectiveness% Strawberry, open field beginning of flowering end of flowering swell. fruits

Botrytis cinerea% Fruits% Fruits% Fruits 2nd treat. 3rd deal Reference sample 0.00 30.11 65.46 / / Fungicide F1 0.00 0.83 0.61 97.2 99.1 Cyprodinil Fludioxonil 0.00 0.80 0.53 97.3 99.2 During the tests, the climatic conditions were monitored and found to be in agreement with the seasonal averages.

As highlighted in Table 2, it is noted that the fungicide according to the first formulation (F1) has shown a high efficacy, equivalent to conventional synthetic fungicides.

Third experimental test

The fungicide of the second formulation (F2) was tested on the vine in the open field for the control of powdery mildew through a series of tests conducted on a farm.

The solution containing the fungicide was applied using a petrol engine pump with a 25l capacity tank operating at a pressure of 3 bar with conical nozzles and distributing about 1000l of solution per hectare.

The following table 3 shows the comparison between the fungicide according to the second formulation (F2), with a dilution equal to 200g / 100l and a solution based on penconazole 100 g / l EC, with a dilution equal to 25ml / 100l.

A total of six treatments are performed in this test, as a procedure for controlling powdery mildew, one every 15-20 days after the post-flowering treatment.

Table 3 1st Treatment 2nd Treatment 6th Treatment Efficacy% Vine, full field pre-flowering post-flowering

Powdery mildew% clusters% clusters% clusters 2nd treatment 6th indent Reference sample 0.00 25.47 87.08 / / Fungicide F2 0.00 2.43 1.81 90.5 97.9 Penconazole 100 g / l EC 0.00 1.56 1.14 93.9 98.7 As shown in table 3 it is noted that the fungicide according to the second formulation (F2) showed sufficient results to control the parasite and an efficacy equivalent to conventional synthetic fungicides.

Fourth experimental test

The fungicide of the second formulation (F2) was tested in open field on grapevines against perononspora (plasmophora viticola) through a series of tests carried out on a farm.

The solution containing the fungicide was applied using a petrol engine pump with a 25l capacity tank operating at a pressure of 3 bar with conical nozzles and distributing about 1000l of solution per hectare.

The following table 4 shows the comparison between the fungicide according to the second formulation (F2), with a dilution equal to 200g / 100l and a solution based on mancozeb 64% metalaxyl 8% WP, with a dilution equal to 250g / 100l.

A total of six treatments are performed in this test, as a practice for the control of downy mildew, one every 15-20 days after the pre-flowering treatment.

Table 4 1st Negotiation 2nd Negotiation 6th Negotiation Efficacy% Vine, open field. 10-12 cm shoots Pre-flowering

Downy mildew% bunches% bunches% bunches 2nd treat. 6th indent Reference sample 0.00 33.84 91.48 / / Fungicide F2 0.00 3.22 1.47 90.5 98.4 Mancozeb Metalxyl 0.00 2.84 1.31 91.6 98.6 As highlighted in Table 4 shows that the fungicide according to the second formulation (F2) showed a high efficacy comparable to conventional synthetic fungicides.

The experimental tests reported in the tables above show that the fungicide of the present invention has an efficacy that is always comparable to that of conventional synthetic fungicides, with the advantage of being used at very low doses of the active ingredient.

Surprisingly, upon checking the biological tests, the formulations of the present invention also showed a good acaricidal insecticidal activity detected by the examination of the crops.

Furthermore, said fungicide does not present "residue" problems compared to the classic synthetic organic fungicides widely used today as terpenes and alkaloids are natural ingredients derived from plants and, when applied to crops, soils and environments infected with molds and fungi, these can be easily degraded by microorganisms naturally present in the soil (biodegradation), or easily decomposed when exposed to water (hydrolysis process) and air (oxidation process). Unlike synthetic organic fungicides which are resistant to biodegradation and decomposition by environmental elements, they remain in the environment long after application, representing a danger to people's health and environmental pollution.

On the contrary, the terpenes and plant alkaloids that make up the formulations of the present invention are composed of the four essential elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, without the presence of heavy metals or halogens, and are easily degraded into carbon dioxide and water by microorganisms. present in the ground.

Similarly, zeolite, both natural and synthetic, has no toxicity towards mankind and no type of pollution towards the environment, being a constituent compound of the same.

The fungicide object of the present invention can be advantageously used in agriculture, fruit growing, viticulture, horticulture, forestry, aquaculture, greenhouse cultivation, in open fields and in greenhouses, nurseries, gardening and hobby.

The main advantage of the present invention is to provide a fungicide based on natural plant extracts to be used on plants, in soils, in seeds and in both domestic and civil use as a fungicide and antibacterial disinfectant of plants having a high control action on weeds. , a low environmental impact and being non-toxic to mankind.

Claims (15)

CLAIMS 1) Fungicide based on zeolite and natural plant extracts characterized by the fact of including: zeolite, a berberine alkaloid, a carvacrol terpene, and one or more molecules chosen from toosedanine, osthole, reynoutria sachalinensis, cumin extract, matrine, oxymatrine, sophocarpine, noxysophocarpine, cytisine, aloperine. 2) Fungicide according to claim 1 characterized by the fact that the zeolite is of natural or synthetic origin with a particle size between 0.1 and 40 μm. 3) Fungicide according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterized by the fact of providing the following concentrations by weight: - zeolite, with particle size d50 = 2-4µm, d99 <10µm, between 1% and 99%; - berberine between 0.01% and 30%; - carvacrol between 0.01% and 20%. 4) Fungicide according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the molecules have a concentration by weight of between 0.1% and 10%. 5) Fungicide according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the molecules are natural plant extracts of the corresponding plants or are products obtained synthetically. 6) Fungicide according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it is in liquid form where the substances are dissolved and / or dispersed in water and / or in an organic solvent and / or in suspension and / or in any liquid medium forming a suspoemulsion. 7) Fungicide according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is in solid form and / or in the form of wettable powders and / or dry and / or granular powders and / or water-dispersible granules. 8) Fungicide according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one solvent to be chosen from: water, vegetable oils, mineral oils, esterified vegetable oils, glycols, alcohols, naphtha, xylenes, butanol, pentane, hexane, kerosene, diesel , DMSO. 9) Fungicide according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises aggregates and / or adjuvants and / or other adsorbents such as sands, clays, silicas, sepiolites, carbonates, sodium, potassium and ammonium alginates, gypsum, kaolins, diatomaceous earth , oyster or mollusc shell flours, talc, titanium oxides, aluminum silicates, mica, lithopone, white lead, starches, carbon black, vegetable or mineral carbon, urea, urea formaldehyde, urea in other polymeric forms, sugars, polymers of cellulose, celites, flours obtained by grinding cereals or any part of vegetables, humic acids, fulvic acids and other leonardite extracts. 10) Fungicide according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises one or a combination of elements chosen from: nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium and sulfur, which act as adjuvants for the fungicidal function or as fertilizers for the help of the plant. 11) Fungicide according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises one or a combination of microelements chosen from: iron, manganese, zinc, aluminum, boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine and molybdenum, agents as adjuvants for the function fungicide or fertilizers to help the plant. 12) Fungicide according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises at least one of: - non-ionic surfactants such as alkylphenols, polyoxyethylates, dioctylsulfosuccinates, alkylphenols, monoesters, sorbitan polyoxyethylates, sorbitan monoleates, polyoxyethylated or aryl-alkyl alcohols, fatty acids and esters of fatty acids; - anionic emulsifiers such as alkyl sulfonates, alkyl-aryl and aryl sulfates, phosphates, amino salts of alkyl phosphates, sulphosuccinates, polycarboxylates; - cationic emulsifiers such as quaternary ammonium salts and primary, secondary and tertiary amine salts, amphoteric emulsifiers in their zwitterionic or mono ionic forms. 13) Fungicide according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises acidifying agents, basifying agents, pH regulators, antioxidants, bactericides, anti-fermentation agents and any other compound which ensures the chemical and physical stability of the formulation. 14) Fungicide according to any of the preceding claims for use as an insecticide / acaricide. 15) Fungicide according to any one of the preceding claims for use in agriculture, fruit growing, viticulture, horticulture, forestry, aquaculture, greenhouse cultivation, in open fields and in greenhouses, nurseries, gardening and hobby or for domestic, civil and zootechnical use for combat the harmful effect of fungi and molds, such as gray mold, powdery mildew, downy mildew and other pathogens such as alternaria malternata, botrytis cinerea, cladosporium cladosporioides, colletotrichum capsici, c. falcatum, fusarium cerealis, f. culmorum, gloeosporium fructigenum, penicillium digitatum, penicillium expansum, p. italicum, p. implicatum, p. minioluteum, aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, a. niger, a. parasiticus, curvularia lunata, fusarium oxysporum, f. udum, penicillium variable, helminthosporium oryzae, h. maydis, phoma violacea and rhizopus nigricans.