IT201800021286A1 - Construction work equipped with concrete and polymer slab. - Google Patents
Construction work equipped with concrete and polymer slab. Download PDFInfo
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- IT201800021286A1 IT201800021286A1 IT102018000021286A IT201800021286A IT201800021286A1 IT 201800021286 A1 IT201800021286 A1 IT 201800021286A1 IT 102018000021286 A IT102018000021286 A IT 102018000021286A IT 201800021286 A IT201800021286 A IT 201800021286A IT 201800021286 A1 IT201800021286 A1 IT 201800021286A1
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- structure according
- polymer
- fire
- concrete
- construction work
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 ethyleneoxyethanol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CSHOPPGMNYULAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tridecoxytridecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCC CSHOPPGMNYULAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UAZLASMTBCLJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-decylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O UAZLASMTBCLJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UYDLBVPAAFVANX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCO)C=C1 UYDLBVPAAFVANX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- RTVVXRKGQRRXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;2-sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound [Na].OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O RTVVXRKGQRRXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/049—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
- E04C2002/045—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete with two parallel leaves connected by tie anchors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
- E04C2002/045—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete with two parallel leaves connected by tie anchors
- E04C2002/048—Bent wire anchors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
Description
DESCRIZIONE dell’invenzione industriale dal titolo: “Opera da costruzione dotata di lastra in calcestruzzo e polimero” DESCRIPTION of the industrial invention entitled: "Construction work equipped with a concrete and polymer slab"
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
Settore tecnico Technical field
La presente invenzione si colloca, in generale, nel settore delle costruzioni; in particolare, l’invenzione si riferisce a un’opera da costruzione dotata di lastra in calcestruzzo e polimero, e a un uso di una lastra in calcestruzzo e polimero in un’opera da costruzione. The present invention relates, in general, to the construction sector; in particular, the invention refers to a construction work equipped with a concrete and polymer slab, and to the use of a concrete and polymer slab in a construction work.
Sintesi dell’invenzione Summary of the invention
Sono note opere da costruzione, ad esempio strutture modulari prefabbricate per la costruzione di muri perimetrali di fondazione, del tipo comprendente una o più lastre di calcestruzzo armato e una singola lastra di un materiale composto da calcestruzzo alleggerito con perline di polistirene additivate. Construction works are known, for example prefabricated modular structures for the construction of perimeter foundation walls, of the type comprising one or more slabs of reinforced concrete and a single slab of a material composed of lightened concrete with polystyrene beads with additives.
Tale lastra di calcestruzzo miscelato a polistirolo ha funzione eminentemente coibente, e viene dimensionata in base al livello di trasmittanza termica desiderato. This slab of concrete mixed with polystyrene has an eminently insulating function, and is sized according to the desired level of thermal transmittance.
Si è tuttavia osservato che lastre di questo tipo, in particolare quando l’additivo applicato al polistirene è uno schiumogeno per la produzione di cemento cellulare comprendente tensioattivi anionici e/o non ionici, presentano anche una sorprendente resistenza al fuoco, e possono essere quindi impiegate come efficienti sistemi antincendio passivi, come meglio si dimostrerà nel prosieguo della presente descrizione. However, it has been observed that plates of this type, in particular when the additive applied to the polystyrene is a foaming agent for the production of cellular concrete comprising anionic and / or non-ionic surfactants, also have a surprising resistance to fire, and can therefore be used as efficient passive fire extinguishing systems, as will be better demonstrated in the remainder of this description.
Inoltre, una lastra di calcestruzzo miscelato a un polimero (ad esempio, polistirene espanso) additivato con tensioattivi anionici e/o non ionici secondo la presente invenzione, è particolarmente efficace quando inserita tra una coppia di lastre di calcestruzzo armato, che contribuiscono a proteggere e preservare la lastra isolante. Furthermore, a concrete slab mixed with a polymer (for example, expanded polystyrene) added with anionic and / or non-ionic surfactants according to the present invention, is particularly effective when inserted between a pair of reinforced concrete slabs, which help to protect and preserve the insulating plate.
Strutture modulari prefabbricate del tipo sopra citato sono ad esempio descritte nei brevetti italiani IT 1.337.921 e IT 1.375.005 a nome della Richiedente, dove in luogo dello strato di calcestruzzo e polimero è presente invece una lastra in solo polistirolo. Prefabricated modular structures of the aforementioned type are for example described in the Italian patents IT 1,337,921 and IT 1,375,005 in the name of the Applicant, where instead of the concrete and polymer layer there is instead a plate in polystyrene only.
IT 1.337.921 descrive una bilastra con fondazione, provvista di un’armatura definente una gabbia per la realizzazione di un cassone costituente un piede di fondazione, in cui tale armatura è connessa alla bilastra, tramite ferri di ripresa inseriti nel calcestruzzo delle pareti della bilastra. IT 1.337.921 describes a double layer with foundation, provided with a reinforcement defining a cage for the construction of a caisson constituting a foundation foot, in which this reinforcement is connected to the double layer, by means of reinforcement bars inserted in the concrete of the two layer walls .
IT 1.375.005 descrive a sua volta una bilastra con fondazione di tipo prefabbricato in cui la parete esterna della bilastra comprende, nella sua regione inferiore, una pluralità di feritoie, configurate per ospitare una seconda armatura a gabbia, per la realizzazione di un secondo cassone di fondazione. IT 1.375.005 in turn describes a two-sheet with a prefabricated foundation in which the outer wall of the two-sheet comprises, in its lower region, a plurality of slots, configured to house a second cage reinforcement, for the construction of a second caisson of foundation.
Il presente trovato si applica efficacemente a strutture prefabbricate del tipo sopra citato, con l’intento di fornire una struttura modulare prefabbricata che soddisfi contemporaneamente le attuali esigenze di coibentazione termica e di resistenza al fuoco. The present invention is effectively applied to prefabricated structures of the aforementioned type, with the intention of providing a prefabricated modular structure that simultaneously meets the current needs of thermal insulation and fire resistance.
I suddetti ed altri scopi e vantaggi sono raggiunti, secondo un aspetto dell’invenzione, da un’opera da costruzione dotata di lastra in calcestruzzo e polimero, e da un uso di una lastra in calcestruzzo e polimero in un’opera da costruzione aventi le caratteristiche definite nelle rivendicazioni annesse. The above and other objects and advantages are achieved, according to one aspect of the invention, by a construction work equipped with a concrete and polymer slab, and by a use of a concrete and polymer slab in a construction work having the characteristics defined in the appended claims.
Breve descrizione dei disegni Brief description of the drawings
Verranno ora descritte le caratteristiche funzionali e strutturali di alcune forme di realizzazione preferite dell’invenzione. Si fa riferimento ai disegni allegati, in cui: The functional and structural characteristics of some preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described. Reference is made to the attached drawings, in which:
- la figura 1 è una vista schematica in sezione di una struttura prefabbricata comprendente uno strato resistente al fuoco secondo una forma di realizzazione delle presente invenzione; e Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a prefabricated structure comprising a fire resistant layer according to an embodiment of the present invention; And
- la figura 2A mostra un diagramma indicativo della distribuzione della temperatura in un provino rappresentativo di una struttura prefabbricata, secondo una forma di realizzazione della presente invenzione, sottoposto a una fiamma in condizioni di test, e la figura 2B mostra indicativamente la corrispondenza tra temperature e colori nel diagramma in figura 2A. - figure 2A shows a diagram indicative of the temperature distribution in a sample representative of a prefabricated structure, according to an embodiment of the present invention, subjected to a flame under test conditions, and figure 2B shows indicatively the correspondence between temperatures and colors in the diagram in Figure 2A.
Descrizione dettagliata Detailed description
Prima di spiegare nel dettaglio una pluralità di forme di realizzazione dell’invenzione, va chiarito che l’invenzione non è limitata nella sua applicazione ai dettagli costruttivi e alla configurazione dei componenti presentati nella seguente descrizione o illustrati nei disegni. L’invenzione è in grado di assumere altre forme di realizzazione e di essere attuata o realizzata praticamente in diversi modi. Si deve anche intendere che la fraseologia e la terminologia hanno scopo descrittivo e non vanno intese come limitative. Before explaining in detail a plurality of embodiments of the invention, it should be clarified that the invention is not limited in its application to the construction details and configuration of the components presented in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is able to assume other forms of embodiment and to be practiced or implemented in practically different ways. It must also be understood that the phraseology and terminology are for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as limiting.
Si descrive l’uso in un’opera da costruzione di uno strato coibente e resistente al fuoco formato da una miscela comprendente calcestruzzo, un polimero espanso (preferibilmente, polistirene in perle) e un additivo (convenientemente, uno schiumogeno per produzione di cemento cellulare) comprendente tensioattivi anionici e/o non ionici, per conferire resistenza al fuoco a detta opera di costruzione. Una sorprendente proprietà di resistenza al fuoco è infatti stata osservata nelle lastre così configurate, come si dimostrerà nel seguito. Tale effetto è da attribuirsi alla sublimazione alla fiamma del polimero, a seguito della quale si creano delle camere isolate nel materiale che ostacolano il passaggio del calore. It describes the use in a construction work of an insulating and fire resistant layer formed by a mixture comprising concrete, an expanded polymer (preferably, polystyrene in beads) and an additive (conveniently, a foam for the production of cellular concrete) comprising anionic and / or non-ionic surfactants, to impart fire resistance to said construction work. A surprising property of fire resistance has in fact been observed in the plates thus configured, as will be shown below. This effect is to be attributed to the flame sublimation of the polymer, as a result of which isolated rooms are created in the material that hinder the passage of heat.
Tensioattivi idonei includono polietilenglicole (9) etilenossietanolo (come ad esempio il Tergitol 15-S-9 prodotto dalla Union Carbide Chemical&Plastics Co.), nonilfenolo polietilenossietanolo, ottil fenossi polietossi etanolo e poliossietilene (12) tridecil etere (come ad esempio il Renex 30 prodotto da ICI America), e simili. Tensioattivi anionici che possono essere utilizzati includono sodio solfato alchil fenossi polietilenossietanolo, un sale di ammonio di C1-C15 etosolfato di alcol lineare primario, alchil alcol solfato, un sale di sodio di alchil arilpolietere solfonato, un diesilestere di acido solfosuccinico di sodio, decil benzene solfonato (come ad esempio l’Ultrawet 30DS prodotto da Arco) e simili. Un altro tensioattivo idoneo è il polietilenglicole etere combinato con 9 moli di ossido di etilene. Inoltre, è anche adatto all'uso il sapone siponico, che produce una schiuma detergente che spuma durante la sequenza di miscelazione. Sono altresì contemplabili combinazioni dei suddetti agenti. Suitable surfactants include polyethylene glycol (9) ethyleneoxyethanol (such as Tergitol 15-S-9 manufactured by Union Carbide Chemical & Plastics Co.), nonylphenol polyethyleneoxyethanol, octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol and polyoxyethylene (12) tridecyl ether (such as Renex 30 product from ICI America), and the like. Anionic surfactants that may be used include sodium sulfate alkyl phenoxy polyethyleneoxyethanol, an ammonium salt of C1-C15 primary linear alcohol ethosulfate, alkyl alcohol sulfate, a sodium salt of alkyl aryl polyether sulfonate, a dixyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid, decyl benzene sulfonate (such as the Ultrrawet 30DS produced by Arco) and the like. Another suitable surfactant is polyethylene glycol ether combined with 9 moles of ethylene oxide. In addition, siponic soap, which produces a cleansing foam that foams during the mixing sequence, is also suitable for use. Combinations of the aforesaid agents are also contemplated.
Un additivo idoneo e preferito è ad esempio prodotto dalla Isoltech s.r.l. con la denominazione Isocem S/L – E. A suitable and preferred additive is for example produced by Isoltech s.r.l. with the name Isocem S / L - E.
Tipicamente si utilizzano perle di polistirene espanso aventi dimensioni da circa 2 a circa 6 mm con una densità nel campo da 10 a 60-100 kg/mc. Typically, expanded polystyrene beads are used having dimensions from about 2 to about 6 mm with a density in the range from 10 to 60-100 kg / mc.
Perle di polimero espanso (polistirene) eventualmente già additivate con tensioattivi del tipo sopracitato sono disponibili in commercio. Expanded polymer beads (polystyrene) possibly already additivated with surfactants of the aforementioned type are commercially available.
Per la produzione dello strato coibente e resistente al fuoco si provvede alla miscelazione del polimero in perle, eventualmente già additivato, con un additivo tensioattivo (qualora non preventivamente incluso nel polimero) in acqua con concomitante o successiva addizione del cemento e successiva posa. For the production of the insulating and fire-resistant layer, the pearl polymer, possibly already additive, is mixed with a surfactant additive (if not previously included in the polymer) in water with concomitant or subsequent addition of the cement and subsequent laying.
Tipicamente il tensioattivo è utilizzato in quantità da 2 a 5% in peso riferito al peso del polimero. Typically, the surfactant is used in quantities from 2 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the polymer.
Lo strato coibente e resistente al fuoco può inoltre comprendere silice fumata (o pirogenica) ad esempio in quantità da 0,5 a 3% in peso riferito al peso dello strato. The insulating and fire-resistant layer can further comprise fumed (or pyrogenic) silica, for example in quantities ranging from 0.5 to 3% by weight based on the weight of the layer.
Opzionalmente, lo strato coibente e resistente al fuoco può comprendere inoltre fibre di polipropilene in quantità di 4-10 kg/m3 di prodotto. Optionally, the insulating and fire resistant layer can further comprise polypropylene fibers in quantities of 4-10 kg / m3 of product.
Il rapporto tra cemento e polimero può variare entro ampi limiti. Secondo una forma di realizzazione preferita, per ottenere 1 m<3 >di strato resistente al fuoco prima della posa si miscelano da 200 a 400 kg di cemento (a seconda del dosaggio voluto e della classe desiderata), con circa 1 m<3 >di polimero additivato e circa da 150 a 400 kg di acqua. La quantità di acqua richiesta dal prodotto è dipendente dal dosaggio di cemento. The ratio of cement to polymer can vary within wide limits. According to a preferred embodiment, to obtain 1 m <3> of fire resistant layer before laying, from 200 to 400 kg of cement are mixed (depending on the desired dosage and the desired class), with about 1 m <3> of polymer with additives and about 150 to 400 kg of water. The quantity of water required by the product depends on the dosage of cement.
Si descrive altresì una struttura prefabbricata 1 comprendente una prima 10 e una seconda 12 lastra di calcestruzzo armato mutuamente affacciate (come esemplificativamente illustrato in figura 1), tra le quali è interposto almeno uno strato resistente al fuoco 14 secondo una delle forme di realizzazione sopra descritte. A prefabricated structure 1 is also described comprising a first 10 and a second 12 reinforced concrete slab facing each other (as illustrated by way of example in Figure 1), between which at least one fire-resistant layer 14 is interposed according to one of the embodiments described above. .
Secondo una forma di realizzazione, la struttura 1 comprende una terza lastra 16 di calcestruzzo, che è interposta tra dette prima 10 e seconda 12 lastra di calcestruzzo armato e ingloba un’armatura metallica 17. According to an embodiment, the structure 1 comprises a third concrete slab 16, which is interposed between said first 10 and second 12 slab of reinforced concrete and incorporates a metal reinforcement 17.
Convenientemente, lo strato resistente al fuoco 14 ha uno spessore di almeno 8 cm. Conveniently, the fire resistant layer 14 has a thickness of at least 8 cm.
Secondo una forma di realizzazione preferita, la prima 10 e/o la seconda 12 lastra di calcestruzzo armato hanno uno spessore di almeno 4 cm. According to a preferred embodiment, the first 10 and / or the second 12 reinforced concrete slab have a thickness of at least 4 cm.
Una struttura prefabbricata così configurata è particolarmente idonea per l’impiego in edilizia in virtù delle sue proprietà coibenti e di resistenza al fuoco. A prefabricated structure configured in this way is particularly suitable for use in construction by virtue of its insulating and fire resistance properties.
Sono stati descritti diversi aspetti e forme di realizzazione di un’opera da costruzione dotata di lastra in calcestruzzo e polimero, e di un uso di una lastra in calcestruzzo e polimero in un’opera da costruzione secondo l’invenzione. Si intende che ciascuna forma di realizzazione può essere combinata con qualsiasi altra forma di realizzazione. L’invenzione, inoltre, non è limitata alle forme di realizzazione descritte, ma potrà essere variata entro l’ambito definito dalle rivendicazioni annesse. Different aspects and embodiments of a construction work equipped with a concrete and polymer plate have been described, and of the use of a concrete and polymer plate in a construction work according to the invention. It is understood that each embodiment can be combined with any other embodiment. Furthermore, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but may be varied within the scope defined by the attached claims.
Validazione sperimentale Experimental validation
Una verifica è stata condotta utilizzando un software testato e validato per l’emissione della certificazione di resistenza al fuoco in accordo con la normativa vigente in Italia. Si tratta del programma applicativo per l’ingegneria civile denominato ATS della Gaddi Software. A check was conducted using a tested and validated software for the issue of fire resistance certification in accordance with the legislation in force in Italy. This is the application program for civil engineering called ATS from Gaddi Software.
Nell’ambiente di simulazione è stato costruito un provino virtuale formato da una pluralità di strati sovrapposti, segnatamente una prima lastra di calcestruzzo avente spessore 5cm, uno strato di cemento misto a polistirolo avente spessore 10cm, una soletta di calcestruzzo gettato in opera ospitante l’armatura in acciaio e avente spessore di 22cm, e una lastra di calcestruzzo avente spessore 5cm, per uno spessore totale di 42cm. In the simulation environment, a virtual specimen formed by a plurality of superimposed layers was constructed, namely a first concrete slab having a thickness of 5cm, a layer of concrete mixed with polystyrene having a thickness of 10cm, a concrete slab cast in situ hosting the steel reinforcement with a thickness of 22cm, and a concrete slab having a thickness of 5cm, for a total thickness of 42cm.
È stata poi simulata l’esposizione del provino virtuale a una fiamma diretta a una temperatura di 1213.54°C per una durata di 360 minuti. Si è quindi osservato che, in base ai risultati forniti dal modello, le temperature raggiunte dalle armature erano rimaste al di sotto dei 100°C, garantendo pertanto una classe R360 di resistenza al fuoco secondo lo standard EN 13501. The exposure of the virtual specimen to a direct flame at a temperature of 1213.54 ° C was then simulated for a duration of 360 minutes. It was therefore observed that, based on the results provided by the model, the temperatures reached by the armatures had remained below 100 ° C, thus guaranteeing a fire resistance class R360 according to the EN 13501 standard.
Come infatti mostrato schematicamente nelle figure 2A e 2B, illustrative dei risultati della simulazione, la temperatura tenderebbe a innalzarsi in maniera significativa solo entro uno strato superficiale del manufatto, al di là del quale il calore si diffonderebbe in maniera molto limitata, preservando le armature metalliche. In fact, as shown schematically in figures 2A and 2B, illustrating the results of the simulation, the temperature would tend to rise significantly only within a surface layer of the product, beyond which the heat would spread in a very limited way, preserving the metal reinforcements. .
A ulteriore riprova dei risultati ottenuti mediante il software ATS, sono state eseguiti ulteriori test indirizzando una fiamma libera generata da un cannello a gas posto a distanza di circa 40 cm su più provini reali di uno strato resistente al fuoco secondo una forma di realizzazione dell’invenzione. As further proof of the results obtained using the ATS software, further tests were carried out by directing an open flame generated by a gas torch placed at a distance of about 40 cm on several real specimens of a fire resistant layer according to an embodiment of the invention.
I provini, aventi spessori di 8-10 cm, sono stati ottenuti miscelando 300 kg di calcestruzzo, 1 m<3 >di polistirolo preventivamente additivato con tensioattivi, e 300 l d’acqua. The specimens, having a thickness of 8-10 cm, were obtained by mixing 300 kg of concrete, 1 m <3> of polystyrene previously added with surfactants, and 300 liters of water.
Nonostante il contatto diretto della fiamma sui provini, a valle degli stessi si registrava una temperatura sempre inferiore a 80°C. Despite the direct contact of the flame on the specimens, downstream of the same there was always a temperature below 80 ° C.
In conclusione, l’elemento strutturale oggetto del test, configurato secondo una forma di realizzazione della presente invenzione, ha dimostrato un’inattesa e sorprendente resistenza al fuoco, che ne rende idonea l’applicazione in edilizia come presidio antincendio passivo. In conclusion, the structural element being tested, configured according to an embodiment of the present invention, has shown an unexpected and surprising resistance to fire, which makes it suitable for application in construction as a passive fire protection device.
Claims (13)
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| IT102018000021286A IT201800021286A1 (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | Construction work equipped with concrete and polymer slab. |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4053677A (en) * | 1975-04-17 | 1977-10-11 | Corao Manuel J | Light concrete monolithic slab |
| WO1993001148A1 (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1993-01-21 | Cornwell Charles E | Foamed cementitious composition and method of making |
| WO1994028264A1 (en) * | 1993-06-02 | 1994-12-08 | Evg Entwicklungs- U. Verwertungs-Gesellschaft Mbh | Building component |
| IT1337921B1 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2007-02-20 | Botta Srl | BILASTRA WITH FOUNDATION |
| WO2008037001A1 (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-04-03 | Building Technologies Australia Pty Ltd | Improvements in sandwich panels |
| DE102011075463A1 (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2011-11-10 | Rector Lesage S.A. | Wall has integrated formwork of two opposite and parallel walls, where space is defined between them, and walls are connected by metal reinforcement |
| CN107265963A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-10-20 | 南京唯才新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of super heat insulation airgel foam concrete and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4053677A (en) * | 1975-04-17 | 1977-10-11 | Corao Manuel J | Light concrete monolithic slab |
| WO1993001148A1 (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1993-01-21 | Cornwell Charles E | Foamed cementitious composition and method of making |
| WO1994028264A1 (en) * | 1993-06-02 | 1994-12-08 | Evg Entwicklungs- U. Verwertungs-Gesellschaft Mbh | Building component |
| IT1337921B1 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2007-02-20 | Botta Srl | BILASTRA WITH FOUNDATION |
| WO2008037001A1 (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-04-03 | Building Technologies Australia Pty Ltd | Improvements in sandwich panels |
| DE102011075463A1 (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2011-11-10 | Rector Lesage S.A. | Wall has integrated formwork of two opposite and parallel walls, where space is defined between them, and walls are connected by metal reinforcement |
| CN107265963A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-10-20 | 南京唯才新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of super heat insulation airgel foam concrete and preparation method thereof |
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