HU215516B - Wall element for building wall structures and wall elements built from such wall elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wall element for the construction of wall structures, which has a thermal insulation board (10), additional insulation (40) and vertical load-bearing bars (20), the latter being at least partially embedded in the grooves of the thermal insulation board (10). In essence, the thermal insulation board (10) is designed as a foamed plastic sheet, which has vertical, spaced grooves formed on at least one of its sides, in which the vertical bars (20) of the wall element are arranged and fixed to vertical slats (30) arranged on the opposite side of the thermal insulation board (10). The depth of the grooves of the thermal insulation board (10) is chosen so that vertical bars (20) protrude from the surface of the thermal insulation board (10) from the bottom (12) of the grooves by a dimension equal to the thickness of the additional insulation (40). One of the narrower vertical sides of the thermal insulation board (10) is provided with a vertical groove and the other with a vertical projection fitting thereto for the positive connection of the wall elements with a thickness of 10 mm. The essence of the wall element system according to the invention is that the vertical load-bearing bars (20) in the grooves of the thermal insulation board (10) are fastened, for example by nailing, to battens (30) which are arranged on the opposite side of the thermal insulation board (10). The depth of the grooves of the thermal insulation board (10) and the width of the vertical load-bearing bars (20) are selected so that the vertical bars (20) in the position from the bottom of the grooves (12) protrude from the surface of the thermal insulation board (10) by a size that is equal to the thickness of the additional insulation (40). One of the vertical sides of the thermal insulation board (10) is provided with a protrusion, and the other with a thermal barrier that encloses this protrusion.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a wall element for the construction of wall structures having a thermal insulation, a fire resistant insert or heat insulation, and support elements consisting of vertical and horizontal bars. The invention further relates to a wall element system constructed from such a wall element.

As is known, especially in smaller houses with wooden structures, the traditional construction technology is to first frame the framework on the foundation. This frame structure generally consists of horizontal planks and vertical columns or bars arranged between them and thus forms the load-bearing structure of the building. The necessary insulating panels are placed between the vertical columns, with moisture-proof plastic layers on the inside and windproof panels on the outside. The wooden frame structure thus insulated is then provided with an outer casing on its outer side and with inner tiles on its inner side.

Such construction technology is extremely demanding. For these reasons, wall elements have recently been increasingly prefabricated at the manufacturing site and are being assembled at the site to assemble the walls. However, known wall elements are usually quite heavy, and therefore a lifting machine is usually required to install them on site. According to practical experience, it is practically impossible to construct building elements at the construction site. For these reasons, a system of wall elements, which are considerably smaller and lighter than the known solutions, would be needed, and wall structures of various sizes can be easily constructed and, where appropriate, easily formed at the site.

Such a wall element is known, for example, from patent application NO-151 251. This wall element has a heat-insulating core which is provided with cover plates on both sides and which are glued to each other. On the inside of the tiles, vertical bars are glued together at identical intervals so that these vertical bars are located in grooves in the insulating material. The vertical bars are arranged at different positions on opposite sides. By placing such wall elements side by side and superimposed, a variety of wall structures can be built. These types of wall elements are made at the manufacturing site, ie they cannot be assembled from their structural elements at the construction site. Their disadvantage is that the wall element cannot be modified at the construction site. Further, such a wall element does not contain a refractory layer, so it must be retrofitted with a layer providing adequate fire resistance and its supporting structure and secured to the outer structural parts of the wall element.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above shortcomings, that is, to provide an improved solution which enables a wall element to be easily and efficiently fabricated in a fire resistant design, less weight than known solutions, and allows for customization at the site wall system.

The object is solved by the further development of a wall element of the type described in the introduction, which has a heat-insulating plate, an auxiliary insulating plate and vertical load-bearing rods, the latter being at least partially embedded in the grooves of the heat-insulating plate. The wall element according to the invention is characterized in that the heat-insulating plate is made of foamed plastic with at least one side having vertical grooves spaced apart, in which vertical load-bearing bars of the wall element are arranged and secured to vertical strips on the opposite side of the heat-insulating plate. The depth of the grooves in the surface of the insulating board is selected such that the vertical bars pushed to the bottom of the grooves extend from the surface of the insulating board to a size that is preferably the thickness of the additional insulating board. One of the vertical sides of the insulating panel is provided with a vertical groove and the other with a vertical projection fitting into the groove for form-fitting the adjacent wall elements.

Preferably, the insulating plate is provided with spaced vertical grooves on each surface of the insulating plate, which are designed to support the vertical bars and the mounting vertical slats.

Preferably, the depth of the groove embedding the vertical strip is selected such that the outer surface of the vertical strip extends from the plane of the thermal insulation board to a size that is equal to the thickness of the additional insulating panel. Preferably, the insulating panel is provided with such an additional insulating panel on both sides.

Preferably, the lower edge of the heat-insulating plate is provided with a recess which is supported by a horizontal plank or other support profile provided on the substrate or on the substrate.

Preferably, the thermal insulation sheet is formed from a foamed plastic such as polystyrene, polyurethane or phenol-formaldehyde resin.

The wall panels of the present invention have a heat insulating plate, an auxiliary insulating plate, and spaced vertical load-bearing bars, the latter being embedded in the grooves of the heat-insulating plate and optionally mounted on horizontal load-bearing bars. In essence, the vertical load-bearing rods are secured in the grooves of the heat-insulating plate by nailing or other means of attachment to the vertical strips arranged on the opposite side of the heat-insulating plate. Further, the depth of the grooves of the insulating sheet and the width of the vertical load-bearing rods are selected such that the vertical rods extend to the bottom of the grooves from the surface of the insulating sheet to a size equal to the thickness of the additional insulation, e.g.

One of the vertical sides of the insulating plate is provided with a projection and the other is provided with a groove for receiving this projection for form-fitting the adjacent insulating plates.

Advantageously, recesses nesting horizontal battens are formed at the upper end of the vertical load-bearing rods.

Preferably, the wall element system is provided with spaced horizontal planks or slats

HU215 516Β provided, which are preferably secured to the vertical slats by nailing. These horizontal planks or slats are designed for retrofitting the outer wall cladding with an air gap from the thermal insulation board.

Preferably, the mounting vertical battens are completely or partially embedded in the grooves formed in the thermal insulation board.

The mounting vertical battens can also be designed as vertical load-bearing elements, which are embedded in the grooves of the thermal insulation board. The depth of the grooves is chosen such that the outer surface of the slats extends from the heat-insulating board to a size that is equal to the thickness of the fire-resistant panel, which is also used as additional heat insulation. Both sides of the thermal insulation board are provided with additional insulation, preferably a refractory panel or acoustic insulation.

In a further preferred embodiment, the wall element is also provided with vertical bars on the outside of the wall element, which are completely embedded in the grooves of the heat-insulating plate. As an additional insulation, a fireproof sheet is attached to the outer side of the thermal insulating plate through the vertical slats, the vertical bars and the insulating plate, up to the bars on the opposite side.

Preferably, the additional insulation is formed from a sheet of mineral wool, plasterboard or a layer of mineral wool applied by blasting.

Thus, according to the invention, the vertical bars can be inserted into the grooves of the heat-insulating panels and secured therein, for example, by nailing or, for example, screwing.

An advantage of the present invention is that the assembly can be carried out, for example, at the thermal insulation manufacturing plant or at any other manufacturing site or even later at the construction site. Furthermore, since the vertical bars are at least partially supported by the grooves of the heat-insulating plates, these grooves also support the vertical bars and prevent them from being bent under load. Preferably, for the vertical bars, wood thinner than the nominal material thickness is used. Furthermore, the vertical bars can be easily mounted on horizontal mounting planks or slats, which are required for mounting the outer casing, leaving an air gap between the thermal insulation board and the outer casing. The inside of the wall element must have a smooth, smooth surface after installation of the fire-resistant panel or other additional insulating layer, since the outer side surfaces of the vertical bars are in the same plane as the fire-resistant panels. On this surface, a plastic film or aluminum foil or other similar vapor barrier layer and an inner tile can be easily attached, since the side surface of the vertical bars is visible, i.e. it is located in the plane of the connection surface. The wall element according to the invention can be provided with an additional insulating layer, since the grooves in the thermal insulating panels orient the vertical bars precisely in their position, therefore no special control measurement is required.

In the present invention, any shape-retaining thermal insulation may be applied in the form of a sheet provided that it has sufficient strength. Suitable materials include foamed plastics such as expanded polystyrenes (EPS or XPS), polyurethanes and foamed plastics containing phenol-formaldehyde resin. Similarly, any sheet or other suitable heat-resistant layer may be used, which may also provide additional thermal insulation. Such materials include, for example, mineral wool. However, heavier mineral wool can also be used (widely used in acoustic practice). For additional insulation it is advisable to use a sheet, but if necessary, a spot-on material may be used instead of the sheet.

The load-bearing parts can be made of wood or plywood. Optionally, plastic profiles may be used which may or may not be fiber reinforced and may be suitable structural materials for vertical load-bearing plates, vertical ribs and horizontal ribs. Of course, metal profiles such as steel or aluminum can of course be used.

By using the present invention, we provide a precisely dimensioned wall element system which allows the wall elements to be assembled from their structural units, even at the construction site. Of course, the wall elements can be pre-fabricated on site.

The wall elements according to the invention are light and easy to install without the need for any special tool or lifting device. The structure is also very good in terms of energy management, as there are no thermal bridges between the structural elements. Furthermore, the wall element according to the invention is very strong in structure, since the vertical load-bearing rods are embedded in the grooves of the heat-insulating panels, thus eliminating the risk of their bending. The wall element according to the invention is relatively simple and inexpensive in structure, and it is a further advantage that the wall element according to the invention does not require an additional windscreen layer.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. In the drawing:

Figures 1 and 2 show an exploded view of the wall element according to the invention in side and top view respectively;

Figure 3 is a top plan view of the wall element of Figure 2 with the elements assembled;

Figure 4 is a top plan view of a variant of the invention;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a wall element according to the invention having a refractory layer and an additional insulating layer on both sides;

Figure 6 is a top view of a further variant of the wall element of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a partially exploded perspective view of a wall element system according to the invention.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the wall element of the present invention has a heat-insulating plate 10, vertical load-bearing rods 20, vertical slats 30 and additional insulation 40, which is formed here as a fire-resistant plate.

HU215 516Β

These are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 in an expanded state. Vertical grooves 11 are formed in the thermal insulating plate 10 to receive the vertical bars 20. The width dimensions of all the grooves are selected according to the thickness of the vertical bars 20, so that the bars 20 are embedded in the grooves 11. The depth of the grooves 11 is chosen such that when the bars 20 are pushed down to the bottom 12 of the grooves 11, they extend slightly from the surface of the heat-insulating plate 10, which is equal to the thickness of the additional insulation 40.

In particular, Figure 2 clearly shows a rib-like projection 13 on one side of the thermal insulation plate 10 and a groove 14 on the opposite vertical side, so that adjacent wall elements can be connected laterally to each other through the groove connection. . The vertical bars 20 and the horizontal battens 30 are secured to each other by means of fastening through the heat-insulating plate 10, in this case by nailing, but optionally by means of bolts or other fasteners, otherwise designated by reference numeral 31 in FIG.

Figure 3 is a top plan view showing the connection of two adjacent wall elements, the structural members of which are assembled and fixed in position. Figure 3 also shows that the auxiliary insulation 40 is disposed between the vertical bars 20 and thus completely fills the space delimited by the outer surfaces of the bars 20 and the heat-insulating plates 10 and that the outer surfaces of the vertical bars 20 are in the same common plane. . In Fig. 3, reference numeral 32 denotes a horizontal plank, which is fixed to the vertical slats 30 for securing the outer wall cover after the wall elements are installed.

Fig. 4 shows an arrangement similar to Fig. 3 except that the insulating plate 10 is provided with vertical grooves 15 on its outer side in which the vertical slats 30 are embedded.

Figure 5 is a top plan view of a further variant of the two wall elements according to the invention in which the vertical strips are replaced with vertical bars 20 on the outer side of the wall element, thereby providing additional insulation 40, e.g.

Fig. 6 shows an arrangement similar to Fig. 5, except that the vertical bars 20 on the outside of the wall element are completely embedded in the grooves 15 of the thermal insulating plate 10. A plasterboard 41 is provided on the outer side of the wall member attached to the thermal insulation board 10 which is secured in position by fasteners 31, in this case nails, which engage via vertical bars 42, vertical bars 20 and thermal bars 10 on opposite sides.

Fig. 7 shows a detail of a wall element system according to the invention in perspective view and partially broken out on top of a horizontal plank 2 on a base 1 such as a slab. At the upper edge of the wall element is a horizontal plank 3, which sits in the nests of the rods 20, not shown separately, at their upper ends.

As shown in Figure 7, the top of the wall element is covered by a horizontal strip 4. The refractory plate 40, which is provided as an additional insulation 40, is secured between the thermal insulation plate 10 and the vertical bars 20 so that its outer surface is flush with the surface of the vertical bars 20. In Fig. 7, reference numeral 16 denotes the joint between the thermal insulation panels 10 of the two adjacent building blocks. Here, a vapor barrier layer 50 is provided between the refractory board and the inner tile 60, which is also used as additional heat insulation, so that the inner tile 60 is covered by the vapor barrier layer 50. Figure 7 schematically illustrates a cable 70, which is arranged in the additional insulation 40 and connects to the socket 71 formed in the inner panel 60. As shown in Fig.

Claims (12)

PATENT CLAIMS A wall element for constructing wall structures having a heat-insulating plate, auxiliary insulation and vertical load-bearing bars, the latter being at least partially embedded in the grooves of the heat-insulating plate, characterized in that the heat-insulating plate (10) is having vertical grooves (11) spaced from one another on its face surface, in which vertical load-bearing rods (20) of the wall element are arranged and secured to vertical slats (30) on the opposite side of the heat-insulating plate (10); in its surface, the depth of the grooves (11) is selected such that the vertical bars (20) pushed to the bottom (12) of the grooves (11) extend from the surface of the heat-insulating plate (10) by a size equal to the additional insulation (40; 41). and the insulating plate (10) is vertical one having a vertical groove (14) and the other having a vertical projection (13) of a size fitting into the groove (14). Wall element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heat-insulating plate (10) is provided with vertical grooves (11; 15) spaced apart on each end face of the heat-insulating plate (10), the vertical bars (20) and the mounting vertical bars (30). they have a bedding design. Wall element according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the depth of the groove (15) embedding the vertical strip (30) is chosen such that the outer surface of the vertical strip (30) is of a size that is planar to the plane of the thermal insulation plate (10). extending to the same thickness as the auxiliary insulation (40) and further provided on both sides of the thermal insulation sheet (10) with such auxiliary insulation (40). 4. Wall element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lower edge of the heat-insulating plate (10) is provided with a seat (16) which is designed for the base (1) or horizontal board (2) or other support profile on the base (1). HU215 516Β 5. Wall element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat-insulating sheet (10) is made of a foamed plastic such as polystyrene, polyurethane or phenol-formaldehyde resin. 6. A wall system comprising a heat-insulating plate, auxiliary insulation, and spaced vertical load-bearing bars, the latter being embedded in the grooves of the heat-insulating plate, optionally mounted on a horizontal load-bearing rod, a) the vertical load-bearing rods (20) are preferably secured to the vertical slats (30) in the grooves (11) of the heat-insulating plate (10) arranged on the opposite side of the heat-insulating plate (10); b) the depth of the grooves (11) of the heat-insulating plate (10) and the width of the vertical load-bearing rods (20) are selected such that when the vertical bars (20) extend to the bottom (12) of the grooves (11) ) extending from its surface to a size equal to the thickness of the additional insulation (40; 41); c) one of the vertical sides of the heat-insulating plate (10) having a projection (13) and the other having a groove (14) for receiving this projection (13) for form-fitting the adjacent heat-insulating plates (10). Wall element system according to Claim 6, characterized in that the upper ends of the vertical load-bearing rods (20) are provided with recesses (21) embedding the horizontal strip (4). Wall panel system according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that they are provided with spaced horizontal planks (32) or slats, preferably secured to the vertical planks (30) by means of nailing, and these horizontal planks (32) or strips adapted for retrofitting an outer wall covering with an air gap from the heat-insulating plate (10). 9. A 6-8. Wall panel system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mounting strips (30) are embedded in vertical grooves (15) formed in the heat-insulating plate (10). Wall element system according to claim 9, characterized in that the mounting vertical slats (30) are designed as vertical load-bearing elements, partly embedded in the grooves (15) of the heat-insulating plate (10), and the depth of the grooves (15) choosing that the outer surface of the strips (30) extends from the heat-insulating plate (10) to a size equal to the thickness of the auxiliary heat-insulation (40) and to both sides of the heat-insulating plate (10) with additional insulation (40) or soundproofed. Wall panel system according to Claim 9, characterized in that the wall panel is provided with vertical load-bearing rods (20) on its outer side, which are completely embedded in the grooves (15) of the heat-insulating plate (10) and On the side, additional insulation (41), preferably a refractory plate, is provided and is preferably secured by nailing through the vertical bars (42), the vertical bars (20) and the thermal insulation plate (10) all the way to the opposing bars (20). 12. A 6-11. Wall panel system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the additional insulation (40; 41) is formed from a sheet of mineral wool, plasterboard or a layer of mineral wool applied by heating.