HU213282B - System for placing piles in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The ground anchor insertion mechanism, especially for driving anchors into the ground by gas pressure for the subsequent connection of supporting posts or a superstructure, consists of a transporter vehicle (43) for a support, a pyrotechnic activating system (3) and a noise suppressor (5). The noise suppressor is able to slide along a recoil bar and balances the amount of movement transmitted to the anchor. - The support, recoil bar and noise suppressor are connected to the vehicle by a telescopic arm (28) which can transfer them from a transport to an operating position, and the suppressor is in the form of a tube, open at its end facing towards the ground when in its operating position, and contains the pyrotechnic activator at its upper end.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a system for lowering system anchoring piles to a ground having an igniter and pyrotechnic mixture, a gas pressure generating and moving anchoring barrier, and a gas expansion barrier and from position to work.

In the XX. Towards the end of the 20th century great progress was made in the development of the conditions necessary for the execution of construction work, during which piles fixing piles and base bolts were laid.

The areas of technical development are mainly severe climatic zones (high temperature or cold), specific geological zones (sand, marsh, frozen soil) and steep or difficult to reach areas.

Piles and similar structures for submerging primarily into the ground and into the sea are described in EPA 039 654, wherein the pile to be punctured is located in a protective tube and is punctured by a piston connected to a gas expansion chamber.

Another axially movable piston pneumatic reversing device is known from AT 385 071. In this embodiment, the piston of the pile-driving machine forms an axial hollow space having a stepped design member which engages a first and second stages coaxially connected to each other of smaller or larger diameters and wherein the first stage is a rear working space with the piston piston. and, with the second stage, forms an annular sleeve accommodating an annularly movable sleeve.

A further beating device is known from CH 681 549, which is forward or reverse and reverse. Within the beating device, the forward and / or downward strokes of the striker, respectively. the reverse movement is performed by a piston piston and is provided with an additional control device for extending the reverse phase.

The disadvantage of known piling equipment is that they make a lot of noise. Noise reduction devices and procedures have been developed to reduce noise. Such noise reduction devices are known, e.g. 237-239 of the Construction Machinery Manual (Technical Publishing House Bp. 1982). pages.

Otherwise, the cost of labor and the cost of equipment and materials used are increasingly important in winning assignments and providing good conditions for infrastructure development. The systems used to date, such as foundation drilling or piling, are in many cases complex and difficult to implement, requiring high labor costs and long operations.

An essential requirement for pile-driving systems and equipment is the rapid realization of anchoring piles in a wide variety of soils, extreme climatic conditions and geographically difficult situations. Most preferably, these requirements are met by a pyrotechnic piling system. The essence of pyrotechnic piling is to lower the anchoring piles, especially metal anchors, on which a superstructure is placed, using the energy provided by a pyrotechnic mixture. For example, the pyrotechnic mixture may be of the safety propergol type, which generates a large amount of gas. The pressure generated supplies most of the energy to the pile.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a pyrotechnic pile-lowering system which eliminates the disadvantages of prior art pile-lowering systems and provides for the balancing of the amount of motion provided by the mounting pile.

Our invention is based on the discovery that if a gas expansion silencer is used as a reciprocating mass to balance motion, it can be picked up by gravity.

The object of the present invention is achieved by a system having a gas-pressure-generating and propelling-piston-forming structure mounted on a rack formed as a sliding track with a silencer with an anchorage fixed to the ground, and a housing enclosing said gas expansion silencer. and means for adjusting from the transport position to the working position, characterized in that the gas expansion silencer casing is mounted backwardly on the reciprocating track, thereby balancing the amount of movement provided by the mounting pile.

In a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention there is provided a carrier vehicle carrying the system units and means for transporting from the transport position to the working position, which is slidable for transporting the sliding track from transport position to the working position and having a telescopic lever.

In a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention, the silencer in the working position is a tube open to the ground with an ignition, combustion and actuating means inside. Whereas, in another preferred embodiment, the tube is provided with an elastic skirt extending the tube in the working position towards the ground.

In another preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention, the tube is formed by two semicircular shells, which are provided with a sliding mechanism hinged to open the tube and hinged to the silencer.

In a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention, the ignition, combustion and actuator means comprises a piston connected to the retaining pile, a pile head defining a combustion chamber together with the piston, a gas generator located in the combustion chamber and receiving a pyrotechnic mixture, and , and where the pile closure is formed of two movable jaws covering the pile head and becomes a gas head2

EN 213 282 Β has a cabinet made of thermoplastic or composite (composite) material.

In another preferred embodiment of the system of the invention, the anchoring pile is provided with at least one penetration limiter and soil stabilizing wings. The pyrotechnic mixture used is preferably propergol at a temperature of -40 ° C to + 70 ° C.

An exemplary embodiment of the system of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side view of a pile-lowering system according to the invention; the

Figure 2 is a side view of a detail of the system of Figure 1; the

Figure 3 is a sectional view of the ignition, burner and starter assembly of the apparatus of Figure 1; the

Figure 4 is a perspective view of a gas generator of the system of Figure 1; the

Figure 5 and Figure 6 show different sections of the gas generator cabinet of Figure 1; the

7 and 8 are schematic diagrams of various positions of the system according to the invention, a

9-13. Figs. 3A to 5b are variations of anchoring piles used in the system of the invention.

The pyrotechnic piling system of the present invention consists essentially of a pyrotechnic piling vehicle and a lorry transporting the piles, which can be equipped with a pallet for moving the piles and the gas generators and, if desired, provides a transverse linkage between the vehicle and the carrier.

Fig. 1 shows that the pyrotechnic piling vehicle according to the invention is formed from a sliding track 1 with a hydraulic positioning device 2 connected to the sliding track 1, a hydraulic pile lock 3, an ignition device 4 and a gas expansion silencer 5. Parts of the piling vehicle are mounted on a carrier vehicle 43. It will be appreciated that the reciprocating track 1 may be replaced by a channel or reciprocating tube without thereby departing from the scope of the invention. The tubular reciprocating slide 1 also serves as a gas expansion silencer. It will be appreciated that the carrier 43 may also be substantially an off-road device, as shown in Figure 7, provided with a telescopic arm 32 movable in a vertical plane which allows the anchors to be lowered to positions lower or higher than the position of the carrier 43.

When lowering small anchoring piles, which do not require a long reciprocating track 1, the lowering is preferably carried out vertically in front of or behind the carrier vehicle 43 according to the invention. Larger anchor slopes usually require longer 1 downhill slides to sink in. It is advisable to transport this slipway 1 in a horizontal position to fit into the space gauge of the road. The reciprocating slide 1 is set upright with movable levers (not shown), the movable levers being preferably actuated by hydraulic actuators.

Figures 1 and 2 show the preferred means and method of setting up a reciprocating track 1 on a carrier vehicle 43 shown schematically. The slipway 1 and its pile-down device are located on a bearing 7, which is connected to it by a rotary axis 8. The unit consisting of the bearing 7 and the reciprocating track 1 is moved horizontally by two positioning members 27 on the two rails 6 mounted on the carrier vehicle so that the axis of rotation 8 is exactly relative to the desired point of insertion of the anchoring pile. The sliding track 1 is set up by an erection pusher 28 fixed on the bed 7. In the upright position, 1 downhill track rests on the ground with two 29 soles. The soles 29 are pushed out by two sliding means 30. The hinge joint 31 of the soles 29 is formed as a spherically displaceable sphere with a bar 30 of the corresponding sliding mechanism. This design allows the unit to adapt well to the unevenness of the ground and does not impede the movement of the anchoring pile when lowered. The lateral control of the inclination orientation, i.e. the direction of the reciprocating track 1, is provided both by the hydraulic soles mounted on the carrier vehicle 43 and by the sliding structures 30 of the reciprocating track 29. Vertical alignment is provided by the upright slider 28 for height orientation.

It should be noted that other erection means and methods may be used for the erection, without going beyond the scope of the invention. For example, an assembly can be accomplished by means of articulated arms mounted on a sliding device or crane boom.

In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, Figures 7 and 8 show a means and a method of setting up a reciprocating track on an off-road carrier 43 equipped with a telescopic arm movable in a vertical plane. The slipway 33 and its piling device are connected to a telescope arm 32 by a test head 34. Attached to the telescope head 34 is a slider 35 which allows the sliding path 33 to be tilted from the horizontal position of the road transport - see Figure 7 - to the vertical working position - see Figure 8. The slider 36 between the carrier 43 of the carrier vehicle and the telescopic arm 32 allows the telescopic arm 32 to be moved in a vertical plane. The two soles 37 of the carrier 43 and the sliding structures 38 of these soles 37 improve the stability of the carrier 43 and compensate for the slope of the terrain due to uneven terrain.

In order to facilitate the insertion of the mounted mounting pole 9 into the actuator, the mounting pole 9, as shown in Figure 3, consists of two parts, a pole head 12 and a pole lock 3. The pile head 12 provides guidance and pressure for the retaining pile 9. The pile lock 3 provides fast and accurate clamping, fastening, accuracy of the actuator shaft and adjustment of the height of the support to the ground before the mounted pile 9 is fired. The insertion of the pile head 12 into the pile seal 3 can be facilitated by placing a positioning wire under the pile seal 3 and a flange on the pile head 12, which is inserted at the insertion of the securing pile 9

EN 213 282 Β slides on the cable. The pile lock 3, into which the mounting pile 9 is mounted, consists of two jaws 19, which are easily replaceable, so that the pile heads 12 of different diameters to be lowered with the same carrier vehicle 43 are easy to catch. The jaws 19 are actuated by hydraulic sliding mechanisms 20. However, it is also possible to use a sliding mechanism which actuates both jaws. The pile lock 3 is moved by a hydraulic pusher 21 along the reciprocating path 1 (see Fig. 1). The piston head 12 of the piston 11 of the retaining pile 9 is reusable. The combustion chamber 13 thus formed includes a gas generator 14, which is preferably inserted into the combustion chamber 13 for safety reasons when the mounted mounting pole 9 is inserted into the pyrotechnic lowering device, and the combustion chamber 13 is closed by a fastener 15.

The tightness of the combustion chamber 13 and the accuracy required for the initial guiding of the retaining pile 9 with the piston 11 is ensured by the precision of the machining of the reusable pile head 12 and piston 11. For reasons of economy, the wearable outer "diameter" of the retaining pile 9 is of raw manufacture size. The guide length of the piston 11 ensures that the mounted mounting pole 9 is not trapped during movement. A simple, sealed or non-sealed support plate would not provide this. The piston 11 is located inside the pile head 12, which facilitates automatic and accurate grasping of the pile 3. The assembly consisting of a retaining pile 9, a piston 11 and a pile head 12 is held together by simple pins.

As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the gas generator 14 is provided with a gas-tight cabinet 16. Advantageously, the cabinet 16 may be provided with closed vent openings made of composite composite material or thermoplastic material. The gas generator 14 may be made of metal, cardboard, composite composite material, or a combination thereof. Plastics are suitable because, in the event of fire, the structural material becomes fragile at temperatures below the auto-ignition temperature of pyrotechnic articles. The structure remains intact during operation of the gas generator 14, but may also burn or explode during operation. The preferred solution limits the amount of combustion and operating residues and allows the use of high-pressure powders in the combustion process without these high pressures occurring in the starter chamber. These high pressures create too high accelerations on the mounting piles 9 and impose dimensioning requirements on the walls of the starting chamber. To ensure mechanical resistance of the structure during operation, part of it rests on the support walls 14 of the gas generator. For safe transport and storage, the gas generator 14 is provided with an opening that opens at low pressure in the event of unintentional ignition.

The neck of the combustion chamber 13 is preferably connected to the gas generator 14, but may also be connected to the gas generator 14 by means of a replaceable element after a longer start sequence. Optionally, one or more apertures may be formed in the neck of the combustion chamber 13, which apertures are cylindrical or tapered, thereby limiting gas velocities which adversely affect the performance of the gas generating system 14. It will be appreciated that, without exceeding the scope of the invention, openings may be used, some of which are expandable. In particular, it is desirable to utilize a large number of small apertures for generating propergol in all forms before and during combustion. To close these many small openings, the material is thinner in place of the openings. Without departing from the spirit of the invention, other solutions may be employed, such as a thin double wall, aluminum adhesive, and the like. The 16 cabinets contain 17 propergol "all the time" for safety reasons and for consistent results between -40 ° C and + 70 ° C. However, it is noted that other types of pyrotechnic mixtures may be used.

The ignition is carried out using a laser beam-initiated pyrotechnic mixture 18 or a shock-initiated pyrotechnic mixture. However, electrical ignition devices insensitive to electrical or electromagnetic radiation and electrostatic charges may also be used. The use of a laser-type beam-initiated pyrotechnic composition allows the problem of sealing and accurate positioning between the cartridge and the initiator system to be resolved. In addition, the resistance to impact and various effects is increased. In the initiation system, the initiation chain has an interruption, also called an initiation security device. This system integrates various safety data such as the vertical data provided by the vertical sensors, the blocking of the pile 3 and the closing and, if necessary, the operation of the silencer 5.

As shown in Figure 4, the sound effects and gas effects associated with the expansion of the gas generator gases 14 are limited by a silencer 5 in which the gas is expanded.

In order to facilitate the insertion operations of the mounted anchors 9, to visually verify the insertion correctness and to limit the height of the reciprocating track 1, a silencer 5 with an opening, e.g. The two semicircular shells 22 are closed by sliding members 23 after the mounting pile 9 has been inserted into the pile 3. However, it is also possible to use an elastic silencer which is upright when loaded, or a collapsible silencer consisting of rigid elements that fit together when loaded, or a rigid silencer element which rises independently of the pile 3 along the reciprocating path. At the bottom of the silencer 5 is an elastic skirt 24, which at the ground level, despite the roughness of the terrain, provides some tightness.

The movement of the pile 9 and the piston 11 is balanced by the pivoting of the pile numbers 3, the pile head 12 and the silencer 5 on the downhill track 1. The 3 piles, the 12

The pile head and the silencer 5 together form the reciprocating mass.

Let e denote the energy given by the retaining pile 9 and its piston 11, w denote the mass of the retaining pile 9 and its piston 11, let A denote the mass of the retrograde mass, i.e. the height of the retraction, and g the gravitational acceleration.

Based on the law of equality of motion and the relationship between kinetic and potential energy, it can be stated that gM ²

When the reciprocating mass reaches a height h corresponding to its zero velocity, it is stopped at the beginning of its downward movement by a rack 25 and a handle 26 (see Figure 1). This simple and reliable solution limits the coupling forces between the reciprocating mass and the reciprocating track 1.

The lowering of the reciprocating mass according to the invention is made possible by the sliding mechanism 21 of the reciprocating path 1 which lifts the handle 26 from the rack 25.

However, other devices, such as pneumatic or hydraulic shock absorbers, are also suitable for preventing the sliding mass from lowering.

The operation of the system according to the invention is described below.

(A) Bringing into operation:

(a) positioning of jet vehicles at piling points (43 carrier vehicles, depending on their equipment, can lower between 4 and 5 m from the vehicle);

(b) Tilting the glide path 1 and the lowering system from a horizontal transport position to a vertical working position;

c) simultaneously opening two jaws 19 of the pile 3 and two semicircular shells 22 of the silencer 5.

B) Insertion operations:

(a) selection of 9 anchoring piles appropriate to the terrain;

b) inserting the gas generator 14 and closing the security lock on the pile head 12;

c) insertion of the retaining pile 9;

d) closing the 3 piles;

e) closing of the 5 silencing and environmental protection devices.

C) Preparatory operations:

(a) positioning of the glide path 1 and the lowering system;

(b) adjusting the verticality of the system;

c) lowering the lowering system by contacting the silencer 5 with the ground.

D) Starting the mounted retaining pile. ignition:

(a) triggering the ignition insurance;

(b) arming the ignition system;

(c) release of ignition energy (radiation or shock);

(d) initiation of the safety fuse;

e) combustion of the propergol, whereby the pressure in the gas generator 14 is increased and then the gas generator structure 14 is completely or partially disrupted and the gas is transferred to the pile head 12;

j) the released energy passes through the all-piston to the retaining pile 9 and to the pile head 12 and the system, which is restored on the glide path 1.

E) Movement of anchoring pile:

a) the retaining pile 9 moves at high speed;

b) at the end of its movement in the pile head 12, the pile 9 reaches its maximum speed and penetrates into the ground; and its kinetic energy is absorbed by the puncture of the soil;

c) Depth of penetration depending on the nature of the soil and type of anchoring pile 9, depth can be adjusted by differences in filling of the gas generator 14 and if the exact penetration depth is required or the number of gas generator types is desired, pages or segments).

(F) Movement of reciprocating mass:

a) the kinetic energy of the lowering system - 12 piles and 5 silencers - is restored to the 1 glide path;

b) at the end of the path, the lowering system is locked in the upper position by a locking device consisting of a rack 25 and a handle 26;

c) in the upper position, the silencer 3 has released the non-soiled part of the mounting pile 9 and the piston 11, which can be reused;

d) the carrier 43 moves forward and begins to crush the pile head 12;

e) a new insertion-lowering cycle can be started.

However, it is noted that the system of the present invention may be operated in a manner other than that described above.

The anchor piles 9 have to be sunk into very different types of soil, such as sand, swamp, clay, limestone, etc. Preferably, the metal anchors 9 will have different shapes and sizes depending on the nature of the soil and the forces exerted on the anchors 9. The designs of the applicable anchorage pile 9

9-14. are illustrated.

The anchor pylons 9 may also be provided with lateral wings 41, which improve its retention in the ground, especially against tipping forces.

The retaining piles 9 may also be provided with penetration barriers 42. These are circular or polygonal sheets, either welded or folded.

The cross-sectional shape of the anchors 9 is adapted to the nature of the terrain. They can be cylindrical, polygonal, T-shaped, cross-shaped, H-shaped, etc.

The fastening elements of the structures on the mounting posts 9 may be integrated or separate, for example connecting pipe or cone, fixing pin, pre-welded screws.

Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A system for lowering anchoring piles to the ground, comprising a gas pressure generator, a gas pressure generator, an incinerator, and a gas expansion silencer, and a gas expansion silencer, and means for adjusting, characterized in that the housing of the gas expansion silencer (5) is mounted on a skidding track (33). A system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a carrier vehicle (43) for carrying the system units and means for transporting them from the transport position to the working position. System according to claim 2, characterized in that its carrier vehicle (43) is provided with a telescopic lever (32) for adjusting the reciprocating track (33) from the transport position to the working position from the transport position to the reciprocating path (33). 4. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that its silencer (5) is an open tube in the working position towards the ground, in which an ignition burner and a drive means are arranged. System according to claim 4, characterized in that the tube in the working position is provided with an elastic skirt (24) forming an extension of the tube at the ground end. System according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the tube of the silencer (5) is formed by two semicircular shells (22) which are provided with a slider (23) hinged to the silencer (5) for opening the tube. 7. System according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the igniter, burner and actuator there is a piston (11) connected to the retaining pile (9); ), a gas generator (14) and a pile lock (3) fixed to the silencer (5) are formed. System according to claim 7, characterized in that the pile lock (3) is formed of two movable jaws (19) covering the pile head (12). System according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the gas generator (14) has a cabinet (16) made of thermoplastic or composite (composite) material. 10. System according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the anchoring pile (9) is provided with at least one penetration limiter (42) and stabilizing wings (41) in the soil.