HU211044B - Solar-energy utilizing heater for buildings, especially for houses - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to solar-powered heating systems for buildings, especially for family houses. It has an air duct that is insulated from the attic and located just below the roof of the house, with the same slope. At one end there is an external air inlet, while the other end is connected to a landing line connected to the space to be heated. A control box is provided between the air channel and the space to be heated, comprising a fan and an additional heater, the air inlet of the control box connected to the air channel via the valve and the space to be heated. It is an object of the present invention to provide between the air channel (2) and the treatment box (5) a heat-insulated and heat-collecting spinal channel (4) arranged in the area of the roof tip, the discharge of which is connected to a circulating pipe connected to the heated space of the building by one of the inlet ports (5) of the control box (5). 22) is connected to the other inlet port of the control box (5). The pipe joints are preferably provided with a remote-controlled, one-way flow-opening or closing valve (6). One of the outlet openings of the control box (5) is provided with an outlet air line (9), while the other outlet port is connected to the upper end of the landing conduit (10) via a remotely controlled channel control valve (8). The lower end of the landing line (10) is connected to the air flow space (13) formed between the floor of the building (12) and the heat storage concrete frame (11) arranged therewith, which has an outlet (14) extending into the space to be heated. 1 bin HU 211 044 B Scope of the description: 18 pages (including 11 pages)

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar heating system for buildings, especially family houses. It has an air duct insulated directly from the attic, located just below the roof panel of the house and at the same angle. One end has an outside air intake and the other end is connected to a landing duct connected to the space to be heated. It is provided with a control box between the air duct and the space to be heated, which includes a fan and auxiliary heating unit, the air inlet of the control box being connected via a valve to the air channel and the space to be heated. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An insulated and heat-collecting spine channel (4) is arranged between the air duct (2) and the treatment box (5), the outlet of which is discharged to an inlet pipe of the control box (5) connected to the heating space 22 of the building. and is connected to the other inlet manifold of the treatment box (5). Preferably, the manifolds are provided with a remotely controlled, one-way flow opening and closing valve (6). One outlet of the treatment box (5) is connected to the outlet air duct (9) and the other outlet to the upper end of the landing duct (10) is preferably connected via a remote control duct valve (8). The lower end of the downpipe (10) is connected to an airflow space (13) formed between the building slab (12) and the heat storage concrete rib (11) located below it, which has an outlet (14) into the space to be heated.

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Λ description size: 18 pages (including 11 pages figure)

HU 211 044 B

HU 211 044 Β

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar heating system for air heating and temperature control of buildings, especially family houses.

It is a long-established practice for large windows to be located on the south side of houses, especially dwellings, mainly windows that can be used to heat the house during the winter season, but with such doors open in the summer to ensure better ventilation. As a further development of this concept, solutions are known in which the solar receiving space is located outside the residential area of the house, optionally in a smaller greenhouse adjacent to the house, and from there the heated air is led into the heated rooms of the house.

In this case, the heat from the solar radiation is transmitted only by the circulated air. However, there are also known solutions using, for example, a sheet of glass spaced from an external concrete wall, in which case the space between the concrete wall and the glass sheet acts as an air duct, which is then connected to the heated air space of the house. In this case, the concrete wall also acts as a heat reservoir, which ensures a more continuous heat transfer.

However, practical experience shows the shortcomings of traditional systems. One of the most important of these is that control in the interior of the house is limited to control on the space on the south side of the house, resulting in very large temperature differences between the rooms in the south and north of the house.

Also known from German patent DE 2 512 475 is a solar heating heater having a roof duct that receives the heat of solar radiation. This air duct is connected to a mixing chamber via fresh air inlet ducts and valves controlled by the outlet air duct of the heated space, in which an air filter, a fan and a heating / cooling structure connected to a hot water heat exchanger are arranged. The air from the mixing chamber is forced into the space to be heated by a fan, from which air is vented through a valve-controlled outlet with a heat exchanger. The above heater is thus an air heater which is combined with a hot water heating system. The disadvantage of this solution is that it is a complex system with a large number of components, which requires a lot of investment and maintenance, but is not suitable for defrosting snow from the roof.

German patent DE 3 801 199 discloses further solar heating air heating. Under this roof, the air ducts run into the central collecting area, which leads to a landing air shaft. A fan is built into the air shaft. At the intake of fresh air from a valve-controlled duct, a fan directs the air into the heat exchanger and from there to the central air shaft. At the lowest level of the building is a pebble heat storage space, to which the central air shaft and the spaces to be heated are connected. This arrangement includes only an air heating system, ie a separate system for the supply of domestic hot water is required. Flow through the bulk heat storage medium results in too much flow choke, which significantly increases pumping power demand and costs. This equipment is also not suitable for defrosting snow from the roof.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above shortcomings, that is, to provide an improved solar utilization device that improves solar utilization and heating efficiency in a simplified structure and optionally defrosts snow from the roof.

In order to solve this problem, we started with the solution of the first German patent mentioned in the introduction. This has been further developed in accordance with the present invention by insulating a roof duct located in the area of the roof ridge, which is thermally insulated and serves as a heat sink, between the roof air duct and the mixing chamber, also known as the treatment box. Its outlet is preferably connected to one of the inlet manifolds of the treatment box arranged in the attic and containing the operating space. A circulation pipe is connected to the other inlet of the control box and connected to the space to be heated by the building. These manifolds are preferably remotely controlled and can only be opened or closed with a one-way airflow valve. One outlet of the treatment box with the outlet air duct and the other outlet with the upper end of the landing duct e.g. remotely operated via a flow control valve. The lower end of the downpipe is connected to an air flow collector formed between the floor of the building and the underneath concrete storage ridge, which has outlets to the spaces to be heated.

Thus, according to the invention, fresh air entering the duct is heated by solar radiation heating the sheet metal sheet, which is first collected in the central duct and then sucked into the treatment box. From here, air is fed into the airflow space between the slab and the concrete slab on the landing line. The heating according to the invention is carried out by three processes: first, direct heating from below by means of a floor heated with hot air, and secondly, heating the air by heat radiating the concrete rib, which serves as a heat storage element. performed. According to our experimental experience, this heating process can provide surprisingly efficient and economical air heating.

In an embodiment, a manhole is formed in the airflow space between the slab and the heat-retaining concrete slab located beneath it, into which the lower end of the landing duct runs and an auxiliary heating unit is arranged. This may be associated with a fan, if appropriate. For example, if the heated air cannot be heated to the set temperature in the spinal canal early in the morning, this auxiliary heater can be operated. The air thus heated is circulated through the air flow space, thereby preheating the space under the slab, and then directing the air to the space to be heated.

HU 211 044 Β gekbe. The same applies if the heat radiation effect of the heat-retaining concrete rib is reduced, for example, at night or in cloudy weather.

According to a further feature of the invention, a heating radiator in the form of a hot water coil is connected between the unidirectional discharge valve and the fan and connected to the hot water tank via a circulating pipe. This hot water tank is connected to an additional boiler.

Preferably, the control box comprises a valve housing comprising a non-return valve, a fan housing including a fan, and a valve housing comprising a duct control valve and are flanged together. With this flange connection, the control box can be assembled to the connection cables in any relative position at each installation site.

In the valve housing receiving the buckle control valve, the outlet to the exhaust air line is on the side opposite to the fan housing interface, while the outlet to the landing line is perpendicular thereto. The channel control valve is preferably configured as a tilt plate which cooperates with a divider baffle which divides the opening connected to the outlet duct horizontally. At one end position, this buckle control valve closes the space between the fan housing connector surface and the landing conduit port, in which position the upper end engages with a baffle divider and the outlet conduit is connected to the outlet duct casing and half. The flap valve may also be actuated by the suction power of the exhaust air, for example during the unheated summer season. This can simplify the control of the unit and, in the interest of improving comfort, prevent the entry of too hot air or too high humidity into the rooms.

The fan motor can be provided with a casing with vertical pipes connected to the interior. This makes it easy to cool the electric motor.

Finally, it is expedient to have an arrangement in which the temperature sensor transducers are connected to the central control unit in the backbone channel, the control box, near the heater radiator, in the room to be heated and in the hot water tank. This central control unit also controls the actuators of the two valves, the electric motor of the fan and the circulation pump for the hot water tank. This makes it easy to automate the operation of the entire unit.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which an exemplary embodiment of the heater according to the invention is shown. In the drawing: the

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a family home with a solar energy recovery device according to the invention; the

Figure 2 is a side view of a detail of the heating apparatus of Figure 1, i.e., a heat transfer control box; the

Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of the detail of Figure 2; the

Figure 4 is a sectional view of the treatment box of Figure 2 in the area of the fan; the

Figure 5 is a relatively larger sectional view of the lower portion of the solution of Figure 1; the

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a variant of the solution of Figure 5; the

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the electrical circuitry and arrangement of the heater according to the invention; the

Figure 8 is a perspective view of the hot water piping system of the heating apparatus of the present invention; the

Figure 9 is a schematic view of a heating system according to the invention in winter mode; the

Figure 10 is a winter operating mode in which solar energy is not utilized; the

Figure 11 shows a summer mode utilizing solar energy; the

Figure 12 illustrates a solar-free summer mode; the

Figure 13 illustrates the apparatus according to the invention in winter snow melting mode.

As shown in Figure 1, the roof of a family home is also used as a collector to collect heat from solar radiation. The roof covering is in this case a metal roof plate 1, directly underneath an air duct 2, which in this case follows the slope of the housing with a high roof. Below the air duct 2 is an insulating layer 49 made of a heat-insulating material such as glass wool.

The lower end of the air duct 2 forms an external air inlet 3 through which fresh air from the outside atmosphere enters the air duct 2. The upper end of the air duct 2 passes through a spine duct 4 which is located in the spine of the roof structure of the house and acts as a heat sink. In the present case, the spinal link 4 is made of a heat-insulating material.

The surface of the roof panel 1 is covered with 50 sheets of glass in the area near the top of the roof structure.

The accumulation of solar energy through the roof panel 1 reduces the heat loss of the metal roof panel 1 and at the same time limits the temperature rise achieved by the metal panel. By covering the roof panel 1 with the glass sheet 50 - and thereby providing a degree of external thermal insulation - it is possible to increase the available air temperature and even to collect such high heat energy that its effect on heat utilization is substantially minimized.

The spine channel 4 is connected to a heat transfer box 5 which has a backflow prevention valve 6, a fan 7 and a valve regulator 8. The control box 5 is arranged in the attic space under the roof.

One of the outlets of the duct control valve 8 is connected to the outside air through the opening 35 of the control box 5 and through the air duct 9 (Fig. 2).

The backflow preventer valve 6 of the control box 5 communicates with the spinal channel 4 and the space to be heated3.

With the outlet of the circulating line 22, the other outlet of the channel control valve 8 is connected to the upper end of the landing line 10.

As mentioned above, one of the inlets of the backflow preventer valve 6 is connected to the duct 4, while the other inlet is connected to the circulation pipe 22, which in turn passes through the suction inlet 23 in the upper slab to the heated space. Valve 6 - The duct regulator, in cooperation with the tilt-plate valve 8, closes or opens the inlet of the duct 4 and the circulation duct 22.

If the room with the suction inlet 23 into which the circulating duct 22 runs is on the second level, it is advisable to arrange it in contact with a room on the first level which is provided with a slab 12 with an outlet 14 so that the air be transferable between rooms.

Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the construction of the treatment box 5 according to the invention will now be described in more detail. It has a valve housing 27 which includes a non-return valve 6, which prevents backflow. Furthermore, it has a fan housing 28 for receiving the fan 7. The control box 5 also includes a valve housing 29 which includes a valve control valve 8. The valve bodies 27 and 29 and the fan housing 28 are connected to one another via flanges.

Between the above-mentioned assemblies, the connection flange of the valve body 27 is square, but is generally triangular in length. The valve body 27 is provided with a pipe connection 30 for connection to the duct 4 and a connection connection 31 for connection to the circulation conduit 22.

The non-return valve 6 has a pivotable valve plate, one of which is hinged to the inner surface of the valve body 27. The valve plate of the valve 6, at one or the other end position, closes the orifice opening 30 or 31 (Fig. 2).

Figure 3 also shows the actuator 32 of the backflow preventer 6. In the present case, this flap of the non-return valve 6 is made of a heat-insulating material which is fixed to a rectangular steel frame. This steel frame is provided with a protruding flange 6a on the side of the pipe 30, which is in line with the inner surface of the valve body 27 when the opening of the pipe 30 is closed. Thereby a better air-tightness is achieved compared to the embodiment in which the flap of the non-return valve 6 is resting on the valve body 27 over its entire surface.

The fan housing 28 has a rectangular body as well as connecting flanges at the front and rear. In front of the fan 7 there is a heating radiator 15, which is designed as a hot water coil. A mounting opening 33 is formed on the side surface of the fan housing 28, which, after being inserted, is closed by a cover 34. Through the mounting opening 33, the heater 15 is easy to install and provides easy access to any maintenance and repair work.

In embodiments that do not require a heat exchanger 15 as a heat exchanger, the mounting opening 33 can be permanently closed by the cover 34.

Figure 4 shows that the electric motor 7a of the fan 7 is covered by the housing 42 in the fan housing 28, but with an empty space 43 behind it and not impeding the rotation of the fan blades. Each of the tubes 43, which is mounted in the fan housing 28, runs below and above the space 43.

The tubes 44 form a passageway extending through the housing 42 in a vertical direction through the fan housing 28. The casing 42 and the tubes 44 are in this case provided with a heat-insulating casing on their outer surface, but they may even be made of heat-insulating material.

In the upper and lower parts of the fan housing 28, a metal guide tube 45 fits into the opening of the tubes 44 and is provided with a supply cable 7b, which is the supply line of the electric motor 7a of the fan 7 (Fig. 4).

In the valve housing 29 (Fig. 2), an outlet 35 is provided for connecting the outlet air duct 9 to the side opposite the fan housing 28. It is provided with an opening 36 on its underside for connecting the landing line 10. The flap of the channel control valve 8 is pivotally mounted in the middle of the region between the openings 35 and 36.

The opening 35 of the air conduit 9 is provided with a divider plate 37, which is horizontal in FIG. 2 and extends inwardly into the valve housing 29. The end of the divider plate 37 is curved to form a deflector 37a.

When the buckle control valve 8 is in the closed position, the face of its tilt plate rests on the deflector 37a (as indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 2), in which case the underside of the opening 35 of the air conduit 9 is in contact with the opening 36. In the other end position of the valve flap 8 marked with a solid line, the flow between openings 35 and 36 is closed.

The control box 5 lies horizontally on the support members 38 in the space under the roof, between them are rubber members 39 and soles 40 (Fig. 3). For the purpose of reducing noise, the control box 5 may optionally be suspended on hangers 41. In the latter case, there is sufficient space underneath the treatment box 5 for receiving the projection of the guide tube 45.

As mentioned above, the control box 5 comprises a valve housing 27, a fan housing 28 and a valve housing 29. They are connected to each other through edges. This split design enables very easy and quick assembly on site. The connection flanges can be uniformly polygonal or circular, so that the direction of connection can be freely chosen. In this way, the pipe connections 30, 31 and the openings 35 and 36 of the pipelines connected to the valve bodies 27 and 29 can be arranged in any relative position.

If the electric motor 7a driving the fan 7 is warmed up during operation, the chimney effect may create an additional vertical air flow in the tubes 44, whereby the electric motor 7a in the housing 42 may be sufficiently cooled.

HU 211 044 Β

The casing 42 and the pipes 44 are sufficiently insulated from the heated air, for example by using additional heat insulating material. This prevents the electric motor 7a of the fan 7 from being heated by the hot air flow through the control box 5.

The tubes 44 are arranged vertically so that they can also be used to receive the power cable 7b of the electric motor 7a. This can further simplify the wiring of the equipment. By covering the tubes 44 with heat-insulating material or making it from heat-insulating material, the power cable 7b can be shielded from the heat of the hot air stream.

Figure 1 shows that the heater 15 is connected to a hot water tank 17 via a circulating pipe 16. This hot water tank 17 is connected to an additional boiler 18. The hot water supply line 24 runs from the boiler 18 to the bathroom, kitchen or toilet (not specified).

In the case shown, the slab 12 is a heat storage unit and at the same time a heat emitting unit. Figures 5 and 6 show that a manhole 20 is recessed into the concrete ribs 11 under the slab 12 and the lower end of the downpipe 10 flows into this manhole. The shaft 20 is formed as an elongated recess in which auxiliary heating unit 21 is installed in the projection 20a. Reference numeral 21a denotes the fan of the auxiliary heater 21 in Figures 5 and 6.

The auxiliary heater 21 is provided with a hot water coil which is connected to an additional boiler for heating exterior rooms (not shown) via the water pipe 21b. This boiler may optionally be combined with the aforementioned boiler 18. According to Fig. 2, the shaft 20 can also serve as a channel for receiving the water pipe 21b.

7, the spine channel 4 is provided with a first temperature sensor transducer 25a that senses the temperature in the spine channel 4. In the vicinity of the heater 15, an additional temperature sensor transducer 25b is arranged in the control box 5. In the room to be heated, a temperature sensor transmitter 25c and a transmitter 25d are provided. The room temperature sensor 25c can also be set to room temperature, while the temperature sensor 25d can only be set to hot water temperature. Furthermore, the device has a temperature sensor transducer 25e, which is arranged in the hot water tank 17.

The temperature sensor transducers A25a-25c and 25e and the transducer 25d are connected to a central control unit 26. The actuator of the non-return valve 6, the electric motor 7a of the fan 7, the pump of the hot water tank 17 and the ignition device 18 of the boiler 18 are also connected to the control unit 26 in the control box 5.

The mode of operation of the apparatus according to the invention will now be described.

If in the winter mode solar energy is to be collected from the solar radiation, the backflow preventer valve 6 closes the opening 31 of the recirculation line 22 and opens the opening 30 of the conduit 30, which is connected to the spine channel 4 as shown in FIG. The channel control valve 8 closes the opening 35 of the air duct 9, so that the fan 7 is connected to the opening 36 of the landing duct.

Under the influence of solar radiation, the metal roof plate 1 heats up and at the same time heats the air entering the air channel 2. Meanwhile, the preheated air moves upward as the roof is lowered. The heated air is collected in the spinal canal 4 and sucked into the treatment box 5 by the fan 7. From here, the air flows downwardly through the discharge duct 10 into the airflow space 13 formed between the concrete storage rib 11 and the slab 12 (Fig. 5).

In this air flow space 13, there are actually three types of heating: first, the space to be heated is directly heated by the slab 12, which receives its heat from the circulated hot air, and indirectly by heating the concrete through the heat exchanger. and thirdly, convection heating by blowing the heated air through the outlet 14 into the room to be heated.

Thus, in this case, the heated air is continuously introduced into the space to be heated under pressure. This has the advantage that the resulting overpressure in the room prevents external cold air from flowing through the openings or gaps in the windows, walls. On the other hand, the hot air flowing through the treatment box 5 heats the water flowing through the circulating pipes 16 in the heating radiator 15 and stores it in the hot water tank 17 as hot water. If necessary, this can be reheated by the boiler 18 and can be supplied via the hot water supply line 24 to the aforementioned destinations as domestic hot water.

In the winter, there is no way to collect solar energy during the night, therefore, the backflow preventer valve 6 closes the orifice of the conduit 30 for connection to the duct 4, while also opening the conduit 31 of the circulatory line 22 as shown in FIG.

When operating the fan 7 under these conditions, the air in the room first enters the treatment box 5 via the recirculation line 22 and then flows downwardly from the treatment box 5 through the downpipe 10. The air then enters the airflow space 13 between the concrete rib 11 under the heat storage slab and the slab 12. After the air has warmed from the heat emitted by the concrete ribs 11, it is blown into the room to be heated. From here, the air returns to the heater through the suction inlet 23 and the above process is repeated cyclically.

In this case, the hot water of the heating radiator 15 is generally not required. If, on the other hand, the amount of heat stored in the concrete ribs 11 is insufficient to heat the air, the auxiliary heating unit 21 is also commissioned.

When using the solar thermal energy of the sun in summer mode, the backflow preventer valve 6 closes the opening 31 of the recirculation line 22 and at the same time opens it with the backbone 4.

EN 211 044 Β the opening of the 30 manifolds (see Figure 11). In this position, the flap of the channel control valve 8 closes the passage between the fan 7 and the opening 36 of the landing duct 10, consequently the fan 7 engages with the opening 35 of the outlet air duct 9.

Under these conditions, the upper edge of the channel control valve swivel plate 8 engages with the baffle 37a of the baffle 37, i.e., the opening 36 of the landing line 10 engages with the lower part of the baffle 35 bounded by the lower half of the baffle.

When the fan 7 is actuated, the hot air collected in the spinal conduit 4 flows into the control box 5. After the heat content of the hot air has passed to the heating radiator 15 and the water circulated therein, the outlet leaves the building via an air duct 9. The air conveyed by the fan 7, which enters directly into the air duct 9, also supplies sufficient air to the air column in the duct 10. In this case, the air column under the slab is also sucked in by the air duct 9 through the opening 36 of the landing duct 10, so that the air under the slab is also vented.

If, for example, no solar radiation is required in the summer and no hot water is required, the non-return valve 6 closes the orifice 30 of the conduit 4 and opens the orifice 31 of the circulating duct 22 as shown in Figure 12.

In the mode of Fig. 12, when the fan 7 is actuated, the room air first enters the treatment box 5 through the circulation duct 22 and the suction inlet 23. The air then flows into the air duct 9 through the opening 35 and then leaves the building. This improves the ventilation of the room interior. The air flowing in the air duct 9 acts on the landing duct 10 and, at the same time, the air under the slab 12 is vented.

As mentioned above, the simplest design of the channel control 8 valves can be a single tilt plate. This has the advantage that only one actuator 32 is required for actuation of the duct control valve 8, thereby further simplifying the structure and control. A further advantage of the above arrangement is that the comfort of the room can be improved by eliminating high temperatures and high humidity.

This mode can be used all year round. Operation in winter can be as follows:

Early in the morning, the sunlight is not yet exposed to the metal roof plate 1, and therefore the air temperature in the duct 4 is relatively low, as detected by the temperature sensor transducer 25a. In this case, the non-return valve 6 opens the circulation line 22 and closes the back channel 4. If the fan 7 is operated in such a state of operation, cold air flows into the room through the outlet 14, which results in cooling.

Therefore, when the temperature sensor transducer 25c detects a temperature below a preset temperature, the space heating boiler associated with the auxiliary boiler 18 is ignited and the heater 21 is actuated. In this case the fan 7 is stopped, but the fan 21a of the heating unit 21 is used to heat hot air through the outlet 14 into the room to be heated.

As soon as the solar radiation reaches the roof plate 1 and the air temperature in the ridge passage 4 exceeds the preset temperature, the non-return valve 6 is changed, thereby opening the ridge passage 4 but also closing the circulation line 22. Then the fan 7 is started and the heat from the solar energy begins to be utilized. However, the auxiliary heating unit 21 may still operate. As soon as the room temperature rises above the preset temperature of the temperature sensor 25c, the auxiliary heater 21 is automatically stopped.

The heated air in the spinal passage 4 enters the treatment box 5 and then descends downwardly into the discharge duct 10. From there, air is led into the air flow space 13 between the concrete rib 11 below the heat storage slab 12 and the slab 12, and practically three types of heating processes are carried out:

On the one hand, direct heating is achieved through the heated ceiling 12 of the room, on the other hand indirect heating is obtained by heating the air flowing through the airflow space 13 with the heat stored and radiated in the concrete slabs 11 under the ceiling. As a result of the above, the room temperature gradually increases, but it cannot be used in hot water until the set temperature is reached.

As soon as the room temperature reaches the set value, depending on the temperature set on the transducer 25d, the domestic hot water supply can be started and the hot water tank pump 17 is started, i.e. the hot water circulation between the hot water tank 17 and the heating radiator 15 is started. In order for the pump to operate, there must be some temperature difference between the values detected by the temperature sensor transmitter 25b in the control box 5 and the temperature sensor transmitter 25e in the hot water tank 17.

There is a significant temperature difference every morning when the hot water circuit is started. As soon as the hot water is circulated through the heating radiator 15, the temperature in the hot water tank 17 increases rapidly. If the temperature difference is less than the above mentioned value, the pump will stop and the hot water supply will be stopped.

The fan 21a of the auxiliary heater 21 operates automatically if the room temperature detected by the temperature sensor 25c is not above the set temperature. In addition, room heating with an additional 21 charging units may occur during sunless days or in cloudy weather conditions.

In the exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the roof panel 1 functions as a collector panel. If the roof is covered with snow, then obviously the roof plate 1 cannot act as a collector and the system cannot function effectively. For this reason, here is how to defrost snow from the roof structure in winter.

HU 211 044 Β

In Fig. 13, the heat layer is indicated by a thin dashed line and reference numeral 19. As shown here, in this operating state, the backflow preventer valve 6 closes the orifice opening 31 of the circulatory conduit 22 and opens the orifice port 30 as in the solar collector operating mode shown in Figure 9. The channel control valve 8 closes the opening 35 of the air duct 9, in which case the fan 7 travels with the opening 36 of the landing duct 10.

If the fan 7 is operated in reverse rotation in the morning, the hot air in the airflow space 13 between the concrete ribs 11 and the slab 12 flows upwardly through the downpipe 10 into the treatment box 5 and flows directly outwardly into the roof plate 1. The hot air then warms up the roof plate 1, and the snow layer 19 melts there and flows off the roof. In this case, the hot air also flows in the opposite direction in the room, i.e. through the outlet 14 to the air flow space 13 and then directly to the space below the roof plate 1.

If the auxiliary heater unit 21 is also actuated, the air in the space under the roof plate 1 can be heated further, thus defrosting the snow faster.

Claims (7)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Solar heaters for buildings, particularly single-family houses, which have an air duct insulated from the attic and located at the same slope directly below the roof panel of the house and having an external air intake at one end and a downpipe connected to the space to be heated and is provided with a control space between the air duct and the space to be heated, comprising a fan and auxiliary heating unit, the air intake of the treatment space being connected via a valve to the air channel and the space to be heated, characterized in that a heat-insulated and heat-collecting spine channel (4) disposed between the control box (5) comprising the operating space, the outlet of which is discharged to an inlet pipe (30) of the control box (5) connected to the heating space of the building and a recirculation line (22) connected to the other inlet manifold (31) of the treatment box (5); the manifolds (30, 31) are provided with opening and closing valves (6) for unidirectional flow: furthermore, one outlet (35) of the treatment box (5) has an outlet air duct (9) and the other outlet (36) is the outlet duct Preferably, the upper end (10) is connected via a remote-controlled duct control valve (8) and the lower end of the downpipe (10) is connected to an airflow space (13) formed between the building ceiling (12) and the heat storage concrete rib (11) located below it. has a discharge outlet (14) into the space to be heated. Solar energy heating device according to Claim 1, characterized in that a shaft (20) is formed in the air flow space (13) between the concrete slab (11) and the slab (12), in which the lower part of the downpipe (10) flows. and an auxiliary heating unit (21) is provided. Solar energy heating device according to Claim 1, characterized in that in the treatment box (5) there is arranged a heating radiator (15) in the form of a hot water pipe coil between the one-way flow valve (6) and the fan (7). It (17) is connected via a circulation pipe (16), and the hot water tank (17) is connected to an additional boiler (18). Solar energy heater according to Claim 1, characterized in that the control box (5) comprises a valve housing (27) comprising a non-return valve (6), a fan housing (28) comprising a fan (7) and a duct control valve. (8) comprises a valve body (29) including a valve body (27, 29) and a fan housing (28) secured to each other flanged. Solar energy heater according to claim 4, characterized in that the connection opening (35) of the exhaust air duct (9) in the valve housing (29) is located opposite to the connection surface of the fan housing (28), the connection opening of the landing duct (10). (36) is in turn perpendicular thereto and the channel control valve (8) is hinged as a pivotable plate in the region (35) of the outlet air duct (9) and the outlet air duct (9) of the valve body (29) is divided by a divider plate (37). it extends into the valve housing (29) and has a bent end formed as a flange deflector (37a), and in one end position of the buckle control valve (8), the opening (36) connected to the landing line (10) from the fan housing (28) is closed. The opening (36) and the fan housing (28) are connected to the opening (35) connected to the outlet air duct (9). Solar energy heating device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the electric motor (7a) of the fan housing (28) of the treatment box (5) is provided with a housing (42) having an inner space connected to vertical pipes (44). Solar energy heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot water pipe as a snake is a heater radiator (15) in the treatment box (5) arranged between the valve (6) and the fan (7) and with the hot water tank (17). a first temperature sensor transducer (25a) in the spinal channel (4), a second temperature sensor transducer (25b) in the treatment box (5) near the heater radiator (15), and a third temperature sensor transducer arranged in the room to be heated. A transducer (25c) and a transducer (25d) and a fourth temperature sensor transducer (25e) in the hot water tank (17) are connected to a central control unit (26) which communicates with the actuator of the valves (6, 8). with an electric motor (7a) and a pump for the hot water tank (17). HU 211 044 Β Int Cl ⁶ : F 24 J 2/42