HU196285B - Producing composition for process for limiting ageing potetoes and for increasing theyr yield - Google Patents

Abstract

Prepns. to improve the yield and reduce the deterioration of potato crops are obtd. by reacting together in aq. media oxalic-acid, its ammonium-salt, a water soluble vanadium cpd. and a water soluble iron-II-cpd. with the addition of potassium-sodium-tartrate.

Description

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a potato decay product which causes great damage in agriculture. The composition of the present invention comprises a complex of non-organic organic compounds.

In the current practice of potato cultivation, the productivity of the seed potatoes of different potato varieties is rapidly reduced during the post-production period. The production of a large crop of healthy seedlings is unsolved and, on the other hand, entails significant costs.

In the 1960s, potato cultivars for seed tubers were selected for healthier selection and desalination adapted to the mass emergence of viral vectors (aphids) to produce healthier seed tubers. However, with the increase in production, the initially less efficient method proved unsatisfactory, and attempts at breeding for resistance did not produce the expected results.

Potatoes are so-called. The most important role in its 'decay' is attributed to the leaf-drifting virus, which, among other viral diseases of much lesser importance, causes a loss of yield of 20-80% in Hungarian potato varieties and 20-40% in the Dcsirce variety from the Netherlands.

It is known that the health of potato tubers used for propagation of potatoes - and thus their fertility - is rapidly reduced. The reason for this is in addition to the supposed (Tcichmann, 1959; Jcrmoljcv and Prusa, 1961) and specifically defined (Béres, 1970-1974; 1979-1980; 1986) ecological factors, mainly the so-called ecological factors. It is attributed to the appearance of a "leaf-drifting" symptom and an infection of the leaf-drifting virus (Corium solani Holmes) (Brandt, 1949; Teichmann, 1959; Ubrizsy, 1963; Szepessy, 1967). Aphidvck, as "viral vectors", have been attributed a major role in the distribution of viruses (Tcichmann, 1959; Szalai-Marzsó, 1961; Szirmai, 1953; Bawden, 1970).

However, neither insecticidal protection against viral vectors (Salzniann et al., 1953; Brandt. 1949), nor stalking (Tcichmann, 1959), nor breeding for resistance conferred immunity against 'leaf-drifting' virus (Clark, 1963; et al., 1970). Attempts have also been made to treat the tubers with hot water (Upretti-Nagaich, 1968), but this was not successful, which was also explained by Mellor-Stace-Smith's (1971) recognition of heat-stable virus strains.

In the 1960s, the Dutch method of desiccation was introduced for the production of healthier seed tubers (Sárköz, 1984), which at that time greatly improved the health of the tubers; to ensure a healthier tuber yield for imported tubers. (Complete with removal of sick stems and protection against viral vectors.)

Thus, the physical methods tested for the "decay" of the potato did not succeed in suppressing the appearance of the "lcv ripple" symptom, and indeed the "viral concentration" of the plants has increased significantly over the last 30 years. According to our research results, only methods that inhibit the so-called plant tissue can be effective. Viruses and / or increase the resistance of the plant to pathogens. Thus, it became necessary to develop a method that would result in healthier and higher yields of tubers very economically.

Such a solution has not been addressed so far. The claimed invention, which is based on the results of our comparative ecological-pathological biochemical studies of the plant, is considered to be more advanced than any prior art solution. Namely, we found inverse relationship with the severity of the "leaf-rolling" symptom. oxalic acid, oxalic acid compounds in plant tissues. This is by no means considered as a solution to the disease, but it is a step forward in all our viral activities.

In our studies, we have found that it is more appropriate to reduce the degradation by inhibiting viral proliferation and by the normal physiological functions of the plant. We have found that viruses can be detected not only in diseased plants but also in significantly smaller numbers - in asymptomatic plants.

It has also been found that a favorable change in the biochemical state of the plant with respect to the growth of the pathogen can result from a number of ecological factors. As a result, pathogens that are initially present in plant and seed tubers may sooner or later multiply, depending on environmental effects. Thus, "potato degradation" is not solely dependent on the occurrence, intensity, or heart rate of the viral vectors.

The present invention is based on the recognition that a more effective and lasting control of plant viral diseases is possible only if the biochemistry of the host plant - and hence its resistance - can be adversely affected without adversely affecting the host plant. Tubers would be rendered unfit for food and feed.

It has been found that the above object is achieved to a considerable extent by the compositions of the present invention.

According to the invention, oxalic acid and its ammonium salt are complexed with water-soluble vanadium compound and water-soluble iron (II) compound by addition of potassium sodium tartrate.

Numerous biological assays have been performed with the composition of the invention. It is advisable to supplement 30 l of stock solution to 300 l per 1 ha of potato stock and to lightly spray the foliage at the first buds and at the time of the phenophase around the beginning of flowering. The spray agent does not scorch within this concentration range. The day after spraying, the apex and apex curl slightly backwards; however, they will return to normal within 1-2 days.

The stock solution prepared according to the invention is toxic. Ox The oxalic acid composition sprayed on the foliage barely accumulates in the tuber of the potato. According to our investigations, Giilbaba and Kisvárdai Rózsa were found

-2196285 potato tubers may contain between 20 and 500 mg% of oxalic acid without treatment and 200-1000 mg% of Desiree tubers. This significant amount is also greatly reduced or reduced during the preparation of your kitchen appliances. As a result of two treatments of loin, the increase in the oxalic acid content of the tuber does not exceed that of natural (untreated) oxalic acid and increases by only 10 to 50 mg%.

Small-plot, plant, and large-scale experiments were performed on the development of leaf-drift and mosaic symptoms (Table I) and on the yield increase (Table 11).

The composition used was a 300 L dilution of the 30 L stock solution prepared in Example 1. (B-Eg)

The water-soluble vanadium compound used in the process of the present invention is ammonium metavanadate (NH ₄ V0), water-soluble iron (II) -chloride, ferric (II) sulfate (FcSO ₄ · 7 H ₂ O). The addition of potassium sodium tartrate (C ₄ H ₄ O ₆ KNa · 4 H ₂ O) is also advisable to prevent the dissociation or precipitation of complexes. The weight ratio of each component is as follows:

I part of ammonium metavanadate.

- 40 parts by weight of oxalic acid,

25 to 1000 parts by weight of ammonium oxalate,

4-50 parts by weight of ferrous sulphate,

8 to 100 parts by weight of potassium sodium tartrate.

In the process according to the invention, the individual components are suitably used in the following amounts in relation to the total volume of the composition:

oxalic acid dihydrate: ammonium oxalate: potassium sodium tartrate: ammonium metavanadate iron (II) sulfate:

0.01-10.0% w / v

0.1 - 10.0 tr / v% 0.1-5.0 tr / v%

0.01-2.0 tr / vol% 0.1-4.0 tr / vol%.

According to the invention, aqueous solutions of 1 part by weight of ammonium metavanadate and 4 to 10 parts by weight of oxalic acid are added followed by the addition of 4 to 50 parts by weight of aqueous solutions of ferric sulphate and 8 to 100 parts by weight of potassium sodium tartrate. The reaction mixture was combined and an aqueous solution of 25 to 1000 parts by weight of ammonium oxalate was added and the green solution was diluted with water if desired.

The following examples illustrate one embodiment of the process of the invention:

/. example

Weigh 4.4 g of ammonium metavanadate and 10 g of oxalic acid dihydrate into a suitably sized glass flask.

100 ml of distilled water are added, caused by heating to form a reddish solution and a precipitate, and then boiling, whereupon a green color is obtained which dissolves the orange-red precipitate.

Another aliquot was charged with 25 g of ferric sulfate and 20 g of cxalic acid dihydrate. About 1000 ml distilled water was added and heated to give a yellow, cloudy suspension. Dissolve 40 g of potassium sodium lartarate in 30 ml of distilled distilled water and add 580 g of ammonium oxalate in distilled water to a 3-4 liter Erlenmeyer flask.

One half of the potassium sodium tartrate solution is added to the iron complex in the pre-fabricator and the other half to the iron complex; mix both solutions well and combine. The combined solution is heated until it is clear and finally the above ammonium oxalate solution is added and made up to 10 l with distilled water. This gives a completely clear deep green stock solution.

The solution prepared above is used as the stock data for spraying potato leaves. 101 of this is made up to 100 l with well or running water to give a directly sprayable solution.

Example 2

Table I.

Species Plot size, m ² deciduous treatment year After- growing year Percentage of leaf drift Mosaic root% control B-E, hands control elderly without ₉ Import Desiree 22.5 1979 1980 30.8 11.9 - - Import Desiree 22.5 1981 1982 25.6 17.8 - - Import Desiree 1500.0 1982 1983 8.5 2.4 9.0 5.7 Import Gracia 10,000.0 1983 1984 7.5 4.5 21.0 9.0 Import Gracia 22.5 1983 1984 6.0 0.0 14.0 6.0 Altogether: 78.4 36.6 44.0 20.7 Average: 15.7 7.3 14.6 6.9 %: 100.0 46.5 100.0 47.2

196 285

Table 11

B-E,

control

Explanation surplus

t / ha % t / ha t / ha % Desiccated seed yield on hand year, on an average of 5 years 20.0 100.0 25.5 5.5 26.9 —---------------------, .... ____.__.... Seeds, desiccated or decorticated ripening of tubers after ripening tuber yield on an average of 3 years 30.3 100.0 33.7 3.4 11.5 Altogether: 50.3 59.2 Average: 25.1 100.0 29.6 4.4 17.9

It can be seen from Table I that the occurrence of the leaf-drifting symptom in the annual replanting after foliage treatment decreased reliably by 53.5%. However, the proportion of mosaic roots is 30

It decreased by 52.8% compared to control treatments.

II. Table 5 shows that the average yield of desiccated tuber produced on a 5 year average was very favorable. The composition of the present invention provided an average of 5.4 t / ha of additional tuber yield compared to the desiccated control, but without the foliar treatment.

It can thus be seen that the composition according to the invention primarily increases the tuber yield but also increases the tuber yield.

The ripened tuber yield (edible) was increased by the composition of the invention II, by 5%, on average by 3.4 tonnes.

Example 3

For the preparation of 100 liters, the following components are used:

Dissolve g of ammonium methane vanadate (NH ₄ VO) in 2 L of distilled water by heating.

Dissolve 2 g of oxalic acid | (COOH) J in 3 L of water by heating and combine to dissolve (precipitate).

(b) Dissolve 500 g of ferrous sulphate (FeSO ₄ · 7 H ₂ O) in 51 water with heating and dissolve 800 g of potassium sodium tartrate (C ₄ H ₄ O ₆ KNa) separately, also in 5 L of water, and combine the two solutions warm.

c) 10 kg of ammonium oxalate (C00NH ₄ · H ₂ O) are dissolved in 75 1 of water (in portions) by heating.

The vanadium complex (a) is added to the ammonium oxalate solution (c) under constant stirring. A clear green solution is obtained. Then solution (b) is poured with stirring into solution (a) + (c) J, whereupon a red-brown clear solution is obtained, which is made up with 100 l of distilled water. For the preparation of the preparation, the preparation is diluted 20-fold with running water or running water (0.55-0.60% solution), the effect of the preparation is

III. Table.

196,285 ///. spreadsheet

Eredmények Results obtained by spraying twice on leaf B-Eg * with regard to induction of leaf drift and tuber yield

Λ Treatments Λ in the year of the foliage treatment (in Syrian) Treatment for cryopreservation in the year of stinging 2-2 years surplus of all gu ~ mo years of the breed way SzD-je ** .Levélsodródás » mature tuber yield t / ha % % D% t / ha % t / ha 1979-80 control 31.2 * 100.0 29.5 31.2 100.0 2.8 Desiree foliage 32.6 * 104.0 11.9 -59.7 32.6 104.4 2.8 First SzD 5% - - 6.5 ± 22.0 - 2.8 1981-82 control 22.9 100.0 28.6 _ 16.5 * 100.0 6.2 Desiree foliage 25.7 112.2 17.8 -30.5 19.9 * 120.6 6.2 First SzD 5% ~~ 6.0 ± 23.4 2.3 ± 13.9 6.2 1982-83 control 22.9 100.0 8.5 _ 30.1 100.0 5.8 Desiree foliage 25.7 112.2 2.4 -71.8 33.1 110.0 5.8 Second SzD 5% - - 4.2 ± 49.4 5.8 1983-84 control 19.4 100.0 7.5 _ 34.0 100.0 9.3 Graces lombkézelés 21.6 111.3 4.5 - 60.0 41.1 120.9 9.3 Second SzD 5% - 1.8 ± 24.0 - - 9.3 1983-84 control 19.4 100.0 34.3 _ 31.4 100.0 13.0 Graces lombkézelés 21.6 111.3 18.1 -52.8 42.2 134.3 13.0 First SzD 5% 4.9 ± 14.3 9.2 ± 29.5 13.0 1985 control! 22.1 100.0 Not yet rated Cleopatra foliage 25.4 111.5 3.3 Second SzD 5% 2.6 11.9 (1 year) 1985 control 28.5 100.0 has not been rated yet Desiree foliage 32.9 115.4 4.4 Second SzD5% 3.0 10.6 (1 year) 1985 control 23.7 100.0 has not been rated yet Desiree foliage 28.2 119.0 4.5 First SzD 5% 2.5 10.5 (1 year) Comment: 1. = Small plot (100-160 stems) 2 = Large (1 -4 ha) * = Ripe harvested non-dehydrated tuber

* Preparation prepared according to Example 3.

** Standard deviation.

Claims (1)

A patent claim A process for the preparation of a potato disintegration or fertility improvement composition comprising: a) mixing 1 part by weight aqueous solutions of ammonium metavanadate and 4 to 10 parts by weight of oxalic acid, b) 4 to 50 parts by weight of iron (IO sulphate and 8- 100 parts by weight) aqueous solutions containing potassium sodium tartrate are added, the resultant a) is added to an aqueous solution containing 25 to 1000 parts by weight of n-ammonium oxalate, and the resulting solution is mixed with solution b) and the stock solution is diluted with water if desired.