HRP970689A2 - Multipart, multivariant gridiron ceiling - Google Patents

Description

The field of technology

The field of technique is well defined in accordance with MKP subgroup E04B 1/00 and E04B 2/00, which contain general constructions of walls, floors, ceilings and roofs, as well as individual elements.

Technical assignment

The subject of the invention is a multi-variant, multi-part grill ceiling and roof with various types of ceiling filling. The installation of the ceiling is planned manually without any or minimal support and without any formwork. The main load-bearing system of the ceiling is a steel-concrete grill, in principle without a pressure plate, but with a mandatory prefabricated lower plate that serves as scaffolding and formwork during work and later as a carrier for ceiling plaster. In such a main structure, the ceiling filling can be done in several commercially interesting ways, from ordinary or lightweight concrete made on site to light concrete or styro filling and finally to combined fillings with various types of lightweight hollow blocks.

State of the art

Although a large number of different hand-assembled ceilings are used in the world today, the proposed system is an original innovation because it is designed as a grill with a lower thin plate and is also completely or to a high degree self-supporting in all phases of construction.

The closest solutions in terms of concept are: fine-ribbed PALK ceiling from HP-P960170A, lightweight concrete ceiling Ytong Portugal, FERT brick prefabricated ceiling, lightweight concrete masonry ceiling from HP-P970336A.

The essence of invention

The essence of the invention is in the combined application of prefabricated fully reinforced concrete or lightweight concrete slabs and prefabricated thin reinforced concrete slabs placed between them. With this, a load-bearing skeleton was achieved, which is also a formwork for further work on the construction of the structure.

In the second part of the formation of the structure - making the ceiling filling, commercially interesting combinations were proposed;

Standard on site filled with normal concrete or much more efficiently with lightweight

concrete,

Filling with flooring, which is covered with AB screed, which has already achieved thermal and overall sound isolation,

Filling with lightweight concrete blocks without maro cavities,

Filled with materials with cavities formed by the stacking of several parts,

Filling with light blocks in combination with sand,

Filling with hollow blocks made of various materials.

Description of the drawing

The drawings show a new multi-variant, multi-part grill ceiling. The drawings show one of the possible manufacturing methods and in no way limit the rights granted by the patent claims.

drawing 1 shows a cross-section of one ceiling field of variant A with concrete or lightweight concrete filling,

drawing 2 shows part of the longitudinal section of the ceiling of variant A,

drawing 3 shows a cross-section of a self-supporting beam,

drawing 4 shows a longitudinal section of a self-supporting beam,

drawing 5 shows the axonometry of a thin bearing plate,

drawing 6 shows a cross-section of one ceiling field of variant B with expanded polystyrene or hard mineral wool filling,

drawing 7 shows part of the longitudinal section of the ceiling of variant B,

drawing 8 shows a cross-section of one ceiling field of variant C with filling of lightweight concrete blocks,

drawing 9 shows a cross-section of one field of the ceiling of variant D with filling from parts of expanded polystyrene or hard mineral wool,

drawing 10 shows part of the longitudinal section of the ceiling of variant D,

drawing 11 shows a cross-section of one field of the ceiling of variant E with sand filling surrounded by parts of expanded polystyrene or hard mineral wool,

drawing 12 shows part of the longitudinal section of the ceiling of variant E,

drawing 13 shows a cross-section of one field of the ceiling of variant F with filling of hollow blocks of various materials, drawing 14 shows part of the longitudinal section of the ceiling of variant F.

Detailed description of one of the ways of realizing the invention

The new multi-variant multi-part barbecue ceiling shown in drawings 1 - 14 consists of several variants, from A to F, where in each of the variants there are the following parts: prefabricated beams (1), thin bearing plate (2), transverse ribs (3) ), the main ribs (5), while the difference occurs in the construction of the ceiling infill.

Prefabricated beams (1) are shown in drawings 3 and 4. It is performed as a prefabricated steel-concrete grid support with a curved upper and lower belt, which consists of a bearing micro-concrete or lightweight concrete strip (1.1), at least two R supports (1.3) and ( 1.4), (squeezed if necessary due to the small width of the main rib), placed one above the other in such a way as to reduce the bending length of the rods of the upper belt, and additional reinforcements in the tension belt (1.5) and compression belt (1.6) which is chosen according to the load in the assembly phase and the final state of the structure. The amount of additional reinforcement varies significantly depending on the weight of the ceiling and the range on which it will be installed. The recommended width of the bed strip is 8 and the height is . The recommended height of the beds H is 12-. The recommended cantilever is the one that belongs to the parabola that arises from the size of the delta equal to the range of .

The prefabricated thin AB bearing plate (2) is shown in drawing 5. It is a key element of the ceiling because it functions as a scaffold for work and formwork placed between the ceiling joists. It is performed as a prefabricated element made of concrete or lightweight concrete (2.1), main reinforcement (2.2) consisting of at least two bars, transverse reinforcement (2.3) which is optional.

The recommended thickness of the board is from 2 to . The transverse dimension is adjusted according to the distance of the beams, while the longitudinal dimension is a function of the previous two and the total weight of the building. It is recommended that the reinforcement bars of the main direction have a profile of 6 or more mm.

The multi-part barbecue ceiling in variant A is shown in drawings 1 and 2. It represents a grill composite steel-concrete or lightweight concrete construction, and consists of prefabricated beams (1), prefabricated thin bearing slab (2), transverse ribs (3) and ceiling body (4) made from a mass of normal concrete or lightweight concrete, whereby the bearing plate serves as a formwork for the transverse rib (5), which is formed from the billets (1) and the corresponding part of the mass (4).

The recommended distance between the beds b is from 0.50 to . Due to its high self-weight, in the variant filled with normal concrete, a thickness of 12- is recommended, and spans up to .

Multi-part prefabricated lightweight grill ceiling in variant B shown in drawings 6 and 7. It represents a grill composite steel-concrete or steel-lightweight concrete structure, and consists of prefabricated beams (1), prefabricated bearing plate (2), transverse ribs (3), ceiling fillings (4) made of one or more layers of super light material such as expanded polystyrene, hard mineral wool and the like, longitudinal rib body (5) made of micro or light concrete, layers of super light material (6) and (8) like expanded polystyrene or mineral wool or similar, intended for optional sound insulation, layer AB or lightweight concrete screed (7). The recommended distance between the beds b is 0.6-. The weight of the ceiling is about 100 kg/m2. In the variant with a floating screed, its weight is around 200 kg/m3.

Recommended ranges are up to . When the range is exceeded, it is necessary to double the beds.

The multi-part prefabricated light grill ceiling in variant C is shown in drawings 7 and 8. It represents a grill composite steel-concrete or steel-light concrete construction, and consists of prefabricated beams (1), prefabricated bearing slabs (2), transverse ribs (3). , prefabricated ceiling blocks-infill (4) made of lightweight concrete weighing less than 1200 kg/m3, the body of the longitudinal rib (5) made of micro or lightweight concrete, and the thin layer (9) made of thin-layer cement-based mortar or similar . The recommended dimensions are the same as for the ceiling variant B.

Multi-part prefabricated light grill ceiling in variant D shown in drawings 9 and 10. It represents a grill composite steel-concrete or steel-light concrete structure, and consists of prefabricated beams (1), prefabricated bearing plate (2), transverse ribs (3), multi-part or single-part ceiling fillings (4) and (10) made of light concrete or expanded polystyrene or hard mineral wool, longitudinal rib body (5) made of micro or light concrete, layers of super light material (6) and (8) like expanded polystyrene or mineral wool or similar, intended for optional sound insulation, layer AB or lightweight concrete screed (7). It is rational to make the ceiling infill as one piece.

The recommended dimensions are the same as for the ceiling variant B.

Multi-part prefabricated grill ceiling in variant E shown in drawings 11 and 12. It represents a grill composite steel-concrete or steel-lightweight concrete construction, and consists of prefabricated beams (1), prefabricated bearing plate (2), transverse ribs (3), multi-part ceiling fillings (10) and (11) made of normal or light concrete or expanded polystyrene, layer of dry sand (4), longitudinal rib body (5) made of micro or light concrete, plastic or similar foil (12), layer AB or lightweight concrete screed (7).

The plastic film is used to prevent the cement milk from penetrating the sand during the execution of the AB screed. The ceiling belongs to the group of medium weight.

The recommended dimensions are the same as for the ceiling variant A.

Multi-part prefabricated grill ceiling in variant F shown in drawings 13 and 14.

It represents a grill composite steel-concrete or steel-lightweight concrete structure, which consists of prefabricated beams (1), prefabricated bearing slab (2), transverse ribs (3), ceiling filling (4) made as at least one hollow block in each field. from normal concrete, light concrete, brick and similar material, the body of the longitudinal rib (5) made of micro or light concrete, and the thin layer (9) made of thin-layer cement-based mortar or similar. The ceiling belongs to the group of light to medium heavy. The recommended dimensions are the same as for the ceiling of variant B. One of the possible types for making the lightweight concrete body of the prefabricated beam and the transverse rib is lightweight concrete based on expanded polystyrene (styrobeton). If the lightweight concrete body is made as lightweight strip concrete, then in case it serves as anti-corrosion protection or as a body for stabilizing rebars or is exposed to any type of fire load, the density of lightweight concrete must be greater than 800 kg/m3.

Method of industrial application

The way of industrial application of the invention in the broadest sense is obvious. The proposed multi-variant multi-part grill ceiling with reinforced infill is an adaptable and adaptable construction system in practice for a new way of building various ceiling and roof structures that are based on a complete system or on individual load-bearing lightweight concrete elements from this invention.

Claims (9)

1. Multi-part prefabricated barbecue ceiling in variant A shown in drawings 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, indicated by the fact that it represents a barbecue composite steel-concrete or lightweight concrete structure, which consists of prefabricated beams (1), prefabricated thin bearing plates (2), transverse ribs (3) and the body of the ceiling (4) made from a mass of normal concrete or lightweight concrete, where the bearing plate serves as a formwork, and a transverse rib (5), which is formed from beams (1) and the corresponding part of the mass (4). 2. Precast beds (1) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it is performed as a precast steel concrete grid support with a curved upper and lower belt, consisting of a bearing micro-concrete or lightweight concrete strip (1.1), at least two R supports ( 1.3) and (1.4), if necessary compressed, placed one above the other in such a way as to reduce the bending length of the rods of the upper belt, and additional reinforcements in the tension belt (1.5) and compression belt (1.6) which is chosen during the assembly phase and according to the load the final state of the construction, which is not mandatory. 3. Precast AB bearing plate (2) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it is performed as a precast element made of concrete or light concrete (2.1), the main reinforcement (2.2) consisting of at least two bars, the transverse reinforcement (2.3) which it is not mandatory, whereby the panel serves as the working and final formwork of the ceiling structure and is placed between the ceiling joists. 4. Transverse rib (3) according to claim 1, placed approximately perpendicular to the direction of the slabs made on site, indicated by the fact that the formwork on the lower side is the bearing plate 2, that its body (3) is formed by a concrete or lightweight concrete mass made on the face places, provided it is reinforced with at least one bar (3.1), its reinforcement can also be made as a compressed R support, which is not mandatory. 5. Multi-part prefabricated light grill ceiling in variant B shown in drawings 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, indicated by the fact that it represents a grill composite steel-concrete or steel-light concrete construction, which consists of prefabricated beams (1), prefabricated bearing plates (2), transverse ribs (3), ceiling filling (4) made of one or more layers of super light material such as expanded polystyrene, hard mineral wool and the like, longitudinal rib body (5) made of micro or light concrete, layers super light material (6) and (8) such as expanded polystyrene or mineral wool or similar, intended for optional sound insulation, layer AB or lightweight concrete screed (7). 6. Multi-part prefabricated light grill ceiling in variant C shown in drawings 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8, indicated by the fact that it represents a grill composite steel-concrete or steel-light concrete structure, which consists of prefabricated beams (1), prefabricated bearing slabs (2), transverse ribs (3), ceiling filling (4) made of lightweight concrete weighing less than 1200 kg/m3, longitudinal rib body (5) made of micro or lightweight concrete, and thin layer (9) made of thin-layer mortar made on the basis of cement or similar. 7. Multi-part prefabricated light grill ceiling in variant D shown in drawings 3, 4, 5, 9 and 10, indicated by the fact that it represents a grill composite steel-concrete or steel-light concrete construction, which consists of prefabricated beams (1), prefabricated bearing slabs (2), transverse ribs (3), multi-part or single-part ceiling fillings (4) and (10) made of light concrete or expanded polystyrene or hard mineral wool, body of longitudinal rib (5) made of micro or light concrete, layers super light material (6) and (8) such as expanded polystyrene or mineral wool or similar, intended for optional sound insulation, layer AB or lightweight concrete screed (7). 8. Multi-part prefabricated grill ceiling in variant E shown in drawings 3, 4, 5, 11 and 12, indicated by the fact that it represents a grill composite steel-concrete or steel-light concrete structure, which consists of prefabricated beams (1), prefabricated bearing panels (2), transverse ribs (3), multi-part ceiling filling (10) and (11) made of normal or light concrete or expanded polystyrene, layer of dry sand (4), longitudinal rib body (5) made of micro or light concrete , plastic or similar foil (12), layer AB or lightweight concrete screed (7). 9. Multi-part prefabricated grill ceiling in variant F shown in drawings 3, 4, 5, 13 and 14, indicated by the fact that it represents a grill composite steel-concrete or steel-light concrete construction, which consists of prefabricated beams (1), prefabricated bearing slabs (2), transverse ribs (3), ceiling infill (4) made as at least one hollow block in each field made of normal concrete, light concrete, brick and similar material, longitudinal rib body (5) made of micro or light concrete , and a thin layer (9) made of thin-layer cement-based mortar or similar.