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GB943196A - Improved catalyst systems - Google Patents

Improved catalyst systems

Info

Publication number
GB943196A
GB943196A GB41481/59A GB4148159A GB943196A GB 943196 A GB943196 A GB 943196A GB 41481/59 A GB41481/59 A GB 41481/59A GB 4148159 A GB4148159 A GB 4148159A GB 943196 A GB943196 A GB 943196A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
acids
oxidizing agents
proton acids
proton
aromatic hydrocarbons
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB41481/59A
Inventor
Henricus Maria Buck
Luitzen Johannes Oosteroff
John Henry Lupinski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to GB41481/59A priority Critical patent/GB943196A/en
Priority to DES71536A priority patent/DE1189526B/en
Priority to US73521A priority patent/US3190838A/en
Priority to FR846056A priority patent/FR1275694A/en
Publication of GB943196A publication Critical patent/GB943196A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
    • C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
    • C07C5/27—Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
    • C07C5/2702—Catalytic processes not covered by C07C5/2732 - C07C5/31; Catalytic processes covered by both C07C5/2732 and C07C5/277 simultaneously
    • C07C5/271—Catalytic processes not covered by C07C5/2732 - C07C5/31; Catalytic processes covered by both C07C5/2732 and C07C5/277 simultaneously with inorganic acids; with salts or anhydrides of acids
    • C07C5/2718—Acids of halogen; Salts thereof; complexes thereof with organic compounds
    • C07C5/2721—Metal halides; Complexes thereof with organic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/54—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
    • C07C2/64—Addition to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C2/66—Catalytic processes
    • C07C2/70—Catalytic processes with acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
    • C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D231/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D231/18—One oxygen or sulfur atom
    • C07D231/20—One oxygen atom attached in position 3 or 5
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • C07C2527/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • C07C2527/053—Sulfates or other compounds comprising the anion (SnO3n+1)2-
    • C07C2527/054—Sulfuric acid or other acids with the formula H2Sn03n+1
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • C07C2527/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
    • C07C2527/08—Halides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • C07C2527/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
    • C07C2527/125—Compounds comprising a halogen and scandium, yttrium, aluminium, gallium, indium or thallium
    • C07C2527/126—Aluminium chloride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • C07C2527/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C07C2527/16—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof containing oxygen
    • C07C2527/167—Phosphates or other compounds comprising the anion (PnO3n+1)(n+2)-
    • C07C2527/173—Phosphoric acid or other acids with the formula Hn+2PnO3n+1

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

The polymerization of unsaturated compounds (particularly olefins and especially conjugated dienes such as butadiene) are effected using a catalyst system which comprises (a) one or more aluminium halides (especially AlCl3, but also AlBr3), (b) one or more nitrohydrocarbons and (c) one or more oxidising agents, proton acids (as defined in the Specification) and/or anhydrides of proton acids. The proton acids are those which form hydroxonium ions when dissolved in water, but hydrogen halides are excluded; suitable acids are phosphoric, sulphuric and nitric, while phosphorus pentoxide is a suitable acid anhydride. Preferred oxidising agents are inorganic chlorates, nitrates and nitrites, especially of alkali and alkaline earth metals, e.g. Na, K and NH4, but other oxidising agents also suitable are NO, NO2, NOBF4, NO2BF4, halogen oxides e.g. ClO2 and polynitro compounds e.g. C(NO2)4, 1,3,5- trinitrobenzene and picric acid. Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene, as well as e.g. CCl4 and C2H2Cl4, may be used as additional solvents. Examples are given.ALSO:The alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with olefins, the isomerization of alkanes (particularly normal alkanes) and the polymerization of unsaturated compounds (particularly olefins and especially conjugated dienes such as butadiene) are effected using a catalyst system which comprises (a) one or more aluminium halides (especially AlCl3, but also AlBr3), (b) one or more nitrohydrocarbons, and (c) one or more oxidizing agents, proton acids (as defined in the Specification) and/or anhydrides of proton acids. The porton acids are those which form hydroxonium ions when dissolved in water, but hydrogen halides are excluded; suitable acids are phosphoric, sulphuric and nitric, while phosphorus pentoxide is a suitable acid anhydride. Preferred oxidizing agents are inorganic chlorates, nitrates and nitrites, especially of alkali and alkaline earth metals, e.g. Na, K and NH4, but other oxidizing agents also suitable are NO, NO2, NOBF4, NO2BF4, halogen oxides, e.g. ClO2 and polynitro compounds, e.g. C(NO2)4, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene and picric acid. Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene, as well as e.g. CCl4 and C2H2Cl4, may be used as additional solvents. Examples are given.ALSO:A catalyst system comprises (a) one or more aluminium halides (especially A1C13, but also A1Br3), (b) one or more nitrohydrocarbons and (c) one or more oxidizing agents, proton acids (as defined in the Specification) and/or anhydrides of proton acids. The proton acids are those which form hydroxonium ions when dissolved in water, but hydrogen halides are excluded; suitable acids are phosphoric, sulphuric and nitric, while phosphorus pentoxide is a suitable acid anhydride. Preferred oxidizing agents are inorganic chlorates, nitrates and nitrites, especially of alkali and alkaline earth metals, e.g. Na, K and NH4, but other oxidizing agents also suitable are NO, NO2, NOBF4, NO2BF4, halogen oxides, e.g. C1O2 and polynitro compounds, e.g. C(NO2)4, 1, 3, 5- trinitrobenzene and picric acid. Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene, as well as e.g. CC14 and C2H2C14, may be used as additional solvents. Examples are given.
GB41481/59A 1959-12-07 1959-12-07 Improved catalyst systems Expired GB943196A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB41481/59A GB943196A (en) 1959-12-07 1959-12-07 Improved catalyst systems
DES71536A DE1189526B (en) 1959-12-07 1960-12-05 Catalyst for the polymerization of butadiene
US73521A US3190838A (en) 1959-12-07 1960-12-05 Catalyst systems comprising aluminum trihalide nitromethane and a third component
FR846056A FR1275694A (en) 1959-12-07 1960-12-06 Superior quality catalyst

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB41481/59A GB943196A (en) 1959-12-07 1959-12-07 Improved catalyst systems

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB943196A true GB943196A (en) 1963-12-04

Family

ID=10419881

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB41481/59A Expired GB943196A (en) 1959-12-07 1959-12-07 Improved catalyst systems

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3190838A (en)
DE (1) DE1189526B (en)
GB (1) GB943196A (en)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL30322C (en) * 1930-04-29
US2385303A (en) * 1941-06-25 1945-09-18 Universal Oil Prod Co Alkylation of aromatic compounds
US2631172A (en) * 1948-01-29 1953-03-10 Universal Oil Prod Co Preparation of aryl haloalkanes
US2879263A (en) * 1955-02-01 1959-03-24 Du Pont Polymerization process
US2840527A (en) * 1955-03-29 1958-06-24 Standard Oil Co Promoted platinum-alumina catalysts
US2890997A (en) * 1955-06-29 1959-06-16 Sun Oil Co Process for improving the quality of catalytic gasoline
US2925392A (en) * 1956-04-02 1960-02-16 Exxon Research Engineering Co Catalyst and preparation thereof
US2824150A (en) * 1956-04-30 1958-02-18 American Oil Co Alkylation process
US2947794A (en) * 1957-07-01 1960-08-02 American Cyanamid Co 2, 2-di(p-tolyl) propane preparation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US3190838A (en) 1965-06-22
DE1189526B (en) 1965-03-25

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