GB742777A - Method and apparatus for the gasification of oil fuels - Google Patents

Abstract

742,777. Gasifying heavy oils. GALOCSY, Z. DE. Nov. 27, 1953 [Nov. 27, 1952], No. 32986/53. Class 55 (2). A method for the continuous gasification of heavy oils or tars combines the following features: (a) Thermal decomposition of the starting product under supply of external heat in a cracking chamber with subsequent cooling of the resulting gases and vapours to separate the oil-tar produced; (b) Temporary flushing of the cracking chamber with highly heated steam, CO 2 , air or oxygen, or mixture thereof, to gasify deposited carbon; (c) Reforming of the gases from the cracking chamber in the presence of gaseous or vaporous oxygen carriers under supply of external heat in a reforming chamber; (d) Gasification of the separated oil-tar with highly heated gasification agents under supply of external heat in a gasifying chamber. The gases from the various chambers are mixed to obtain a gas of the desired composition, in certain cases some of the carbon monoxide being first converted into hydrogen and carbon di-oxide by reaction with steam. Heat may be supplied to the various chambers either by heating them externally or by passing through them a solid heat carrier. In Fig. 1 heavy oil from a tank 1 is supplied through line 2, heat exchanger 3 and atomizer 4 to an externally heated cracking chamber 5. The gases and vapours from chamber 5 are withdrawn through an outlet line 8, heat exchangers 3 and 10, and tar separator 11, and passed through a heat exchanger 12 to the top of an externally heated reforming chamber 9 where they are reformed with steam admitted through line 13. The reformed gases may be in part recycled through the reforming chamber by line 39 but otherwise are withdrawn through line 14 to pass through heat exchanger 12 to a mixing chamber 15. Gases from the cracking chamber may by-pass the reforming chamber and pass to the mixing chamber 15 through lines 16 and 14. Tar separated in separator 11 is passed through line 18 and heat exchanger 10 to an atomizer 19 at the top of an externally heated gasification chamber 20. A burner 30 supplied with heavy oil through line 31 and heat exchanger 36 and with steam and heated air from lines 28 and 29 respectively produces a highly heated gasification agent for gasifying the tar atomized in atomizer 19. The resulting gasification gases are withdrawn through line 34 and pass through a tube 7 centrally disposed of and extending through the reforming chamber 9 and cracking chamber 5, heat exchanger 36 and line 35 to the mixing chamber 15. The gasification chamber 20 is heated externally by gases from a heavy oil burner 32 and also by gases from a heavy oil burner 33 which pass through a central tube 22. The gases from the external heating jacket and the tube 22 pass by line 23 to the heating jackets 6 of the reforming chamber 9 and the cracking chamber 5. From the heating jacket 6 of the cracking chamber 5 the waste gases pass to stack through a heat exchanger 25 which serves to preheat air for burners 30, 32 and 33. Highly superheated steam may be supplied to the cracking chamber 5 through line 26 to gasify deposited carbon or alternatively gases from a burner similar to the burner 30 may be used for this gasification. Connections from line 34 may be provided to supply gasification gases from chamber 20 to the cracking chamber 5 and reforming chamber 9. In a modification employing a solid heat carrier, the heat carrier is passed in series through the gasification chamber, the reforming chamber and the cracking chamber which are arranged one above the other. On leaving the cracking chamber the stream of heat carrier is divided, one stream being used to preheat air, the other to generate or superheat steam, the two streams are then elevated to a gas fired heater to be reheated and to pass again through the three chambers. A part stream of the reheated heat carrier may be used to superheat steam.