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GB597221A - Improvements in or relating to oxidation processes - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to oxidation processes

Info

Publication number
GB597221A
GB597221A GB1951144A GB1951144A GB597221A GB 597221 A GB597221 A GB 597221A GB 1951144 A GB1951144 A GB 1951144A GB 1951144 A GB1951144 A GB 1951144A GB 597221 A GB597221 A GB 597221A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
suspension
oxide
oxidation
reaction
methane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB1951144A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Standard Oil Development Co
Original Assignee
Standard Oil Development Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Standard Oil Development Co filed Critical Standard Oil Development Co
Publication of GB597221A publication Critical patent/GB597221A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/20—Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof
    • C01B21/24—Nitric oxide (NO)
    • C01B21/26—Preparation by catalytic or non-catalytic oxidation of ammonia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F1/00—Tobacco pipes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F1/00—Tobacco pipes
    • A24F1/02—Tobacco pipes with arrangements for cleaning or cooling the smoke
    • A24F1/22—Tobacco pipes with arrangements for cleaning or cooling the smoke with arrangements for cooling by air, e.g. pipes with double walls
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F1/00—Tobacco pipes
    • A24F1/32—Selection of materials for pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/69—Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
    • C01B17/74—Preparation
    • C01B17/76—Preparation by contact processes
    • C01B17/78—Preparation by contact processes characterised by the catalyst used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
    • C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
    • C01B3/28—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using moving solid particles
    • C01B3/30—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using moving solid particles using the fluidised bed technique
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
    • C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
    • C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
    • C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
    • C01B2203/1076—Copper or zinc-based catalysts

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)

Abstract

<PICT:0597221/III/1> <PICT:0597221/III/2> The controlled oxidation of organic or inorganic fluids is effected by suspending a finely divided reducible oxide in the fluid, and passing the suspension through a reaction zone in substantially non-turbulent flow. Oxides of copper, vanadium, chromium, iron, molybdenum, tin, and nickel are suitable; the particles are preferably 200-400 mesh, and the velocity of the suspension through the reaction zone is 3-30 ft./sec. Fig. 1 shows an apparatus for the conversion of methane into water-gas. Cupric oxide from hopper 1 is suspended in methane or steam from line 4 and the suspension is mixed with methane in line 10 and passed through reaction chambers 6, 9, cooled by coils 11. The spent oxide is separated from the reaction products by cyclones 13. It may be regenerated by passage through a similar apparatus while suspended in air. The oxidation may also be used to supply heat to an endothermic reaction, such as cracking. In Fig. 3 gas oil is treated in liquid phase. A suspension of cupric oxide in steam is fed from a pressure chamber 44 into the gas oil stream, and this is passed through reaction coil 46, cooler 49, and separator 51. The oxide and a small amount of reaction product are released at 53 into cyclones 54 wherein the oxide is recovered from the vapours. Other reactions referred to are the oxidation of sulphur dioxide to trioxide, of hydrogen chloride to chlorine, of ammonia to nitrogen dioxide besides many organic oxidation (see Group IV).ALSO:<PICT:0597221/IV/1> The controlled oxidation of liquids or gases is effected by suspending a finely divided reducible oxide therein, and passing the suspension through a reaction zone in substantially non-turbulent flow. Oxides of copper, vanadium, chromium, iron, molybdenum, tin and nickel are suitable; the particles are preferably 200-400 mesh, and the velocity of the suspension through the reaction zone is 3-30 ft./sec. Fig. 1 shows an apparatus for the conversion of methane into water-gas. Cupric oxide from hopper 1 is suspended in methane or steam from line 4 and the suspension is mixed with methane in line 10 and passed through reaction chambers 6, 9 cooled by coils 11. The spent oxide is separated from the product in cyclones 13. Reactions to which the invention is applicable include the oxidation of paraffins to alcohols and aldehydes, of alcohols to aldehydes, of aldehydes to acids, of secondary alcohols to ketones, of toluene to benzoic acid, of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride, of waxes to fatty acids, of aniline to nitrobenzene. The oxidation may also be used to supply heat for a simultaneous endothermic reaction, such as the cracking of gas oil.
GB1951144A 1959-07-28 1944-10-10 Improvements in or relating to oxidation processes Expired GB597221A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR801324A FR1242890A (en) 1959-07-28 1959-07-28 Pipe
FR834631A FR78215E (en) 1959-07-28 1960-08-01 Pipe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB597221A true GB597221A (en) 1948-01-21

Family

ID=26184227

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1951144A Expired GB597221A (en) 1959-07-28 1944-10-10 Improvements in or relating to oxidation processes
GB3861262A Expired GB952969A (en) 1959-07-28 1960-07-27 Improvements in or relating to smokers' pipes
GB2619460A Expired GB928729A (en) 1959-07-28 1960-07-27 Improvements to smokers' pipes

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB3861262A Expired GB952969A (en) 1959-07-28 1960-07-27 Improvements in or relating to smokers' pipes
GB2619460A Expired GB928729A (en) 1959-07-28 1960-07-27 Improvements to smokers' pipes

Country Status (5)

Country Link
DE (2) DE1175025B (en)
FR (2) FR1242890A (en)
GB (3) GB597221A (en)
LU (1) LU38993A1 (en)
NL (3) NL6909832A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2665972A (en) * 1950-11-13 1954-01-12 Standard Oil Dev Co Production of pure carbon dioxide
US2665971A (en) * 1949-05-12 1954-01-12 Standard Oil Dev Co Production of pure carbon dioxide
US2766102A (en) * 1948-12-23 1956-10-09 Exxon Research Engineering Co Production of sulfur dioxide
US2844453A (en) * 1953-11-06 1958-07-22 Houdry Process Corp Synthesis gas manufacture
CN110037333A (en) * 2019-04-19 2019-07-23 浙江中烟工业有限责任公司 The method and its application of aroma component are extracted in a kind of tobacco destructive distillation

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8631069D0 (en) * 1986-12-31 1987-02-04 Gallaher Ltd Smoker's pipe
DE4140512C1 (en) * 1991-12-09 1993-04-08 A. Raymond & Cie, Grenoble, Fr

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1005104A (en) * 1911-06-23 1911-10-03 Samuel E Creasey Tobacco-smoking pipe.
US1552456A (en) * 1924-02-19 1925-09-08 Smith Armand Tobacco pipe
NL19032C (en) * 1926-08-16
US2335786A (en) * 1943-04-06 1943-11-30 Fritzie H J Zivic Smoking pipe
GB614115A (en) * 1946-07-08 1948-12-09 John Buckley Improvements in tobacco pipes
DE827885C (en) * 1949-06-11 1952-01-14 Eugen Van De Voorde Tobacco pipe

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2766102A (en) * 1948-12-23 1956-10-09 Exxon Research Engineering Co Production of sulfur dioxide
US2665971A (en) * 1949-05-12 1954-01-12 Standard Oil Dev Co Production of pure carbon dioxide
US2665972A (en) * 1950-11-13 1954-01-12 Standard Oil Dev Co Production of pure carbon dioxide
US2844453A (en) * 1953-11-06 1958-07-22 Houdry Process Corp Synthesis gas manufacture
CN110037333A (en) * 2019-04-19 2019-07-23 浙江中烟工业有限责任公司 The method and its application of aroma component are extracted in a kind of tobacco destructive distillation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6909832A (en) 1969-09-25
LU38993A1 (en) 1960-10-07
FR78215E (en) 1962-06-22
DE1177860B (en) 1964-09-10
GB928729A (en) 1963-06-12
NL254202A (en)
FR1242890A (en) 1960-10-07
DE1175025B (en) 1964-07-30
GB952969A (en) 1964-03-18
NL127927C (en)

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