GB2627935A

GB2627935A - Building envelope covering systems and components

Info

Publication number: GB2627935A
Application number: GB2303331.9A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Schlesinger Maria; Kassem Adel; Hornor Christopher
Original assignee: Takazuri Ltd
Current assignee: Takazuri Ltd
Priority date: 2023-03-07
Filing date: 2023-03-07
Publication date: 2024-09-11
Also published as: GB202303331D0; WO2024184821A1

Abstract

The building tile 10 made from a plastic material, having a top surface 12 and a bottom surface 14 and generally comprising a top section , at the upper end of the tile toward the roof top, and a bottom section towards the front edge of the tile. The top section of one tile is configured to interlock with the top section of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row using parts 48, 48 and the bottom section of the building tile is configured to interlock with the bottom section of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row. The bottom section of one tile overlies the top section of another adjacent tile to form a vertical row. The tile may be a roof tile or a cladding tile. Also claimed is a building covering system with the tile and a mounting clip 100 with a head 102 and a shaft 104 including a split 108 that passes through an aperture 36.

Description

BUILDING ENVELOPE COVERING SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS

FIELD

The present invention relates to building envelope covering systems and components and more particularly a tiled system comprising lightweight interlocking tiles that are used as roof tiles and/or wall cladding. Interlocking tiles/cladding of the present invention may facilitate mounting of photovoltaic panels, roofing components, and other items through a novel attachment mechanism. Other benefits of the present invention include facilitation of safe water harvesting of rainwater collected from the tiles/cladding and high insulation values.

BACKGROUND

Roof tiles are thin, modular pieces of material, typically made of clay, concrete, or slate, that are used to cover and protect the roof of a building. They are often shaped to overlap and interlock with one another, forming a waterproof barrier that helps to keep rain and other precipitation from entering the building and to protect the inside of the building from adverse temperatures. Roof tiles can come in a variety of colours and styles and are used across a wide variety of building types and styles. They are generally installed by a professional roofing contractor and typically last for many years with proper maintenance.

Plastic roofing tiles are an alternative to traditional clay, concrete, or slate roof tiles. They are made from a variety of plastic materials, such as polycarbonate or PVC, and have been designed to mimic the look and feel of traditional roof tiles. Plastic roofing tiles are lightweight, durable, and resistant to weathering, making them a popular choice for both residential and commercial buildings. They are also easy to install and can be cut to fit any roof shape or size.

Some of the advantages of plastic roofing tiles include: they are lightweight, making them easy to install, even on existing roofs, without the need for extra structural support; they are resistant to weathering and UV radiation, so they will not fade, crack, or break down over time; they are also resistant to fire and impact, so they provide a high level of protection for the building; they are typically less expensive than traditional roof tiles; and they come in a variety of colours and styles, allowing for a wide range of design options.

However, plastic roofing tiles may have some limitations as well. The durability and longevity of plastic roofing tiles may not be as long as some types of roof tiles. Additionally, plastic roofing tiles tend not to be as environmentally friendly as conventional roof tiles, as they are not usually biodegradable and can take hundreds of years to decompose.

Plastic roof tiles are typically installed by a professional roofing contractor, and the process can vary depending on the type of plastic tile and the existing roof structure. The installation of plastic tiles is usually faster and easier than traditional tiles, but, as with conventional roof tiles, installation is still generally required to be undertaken by a professional to ensure a long-lasting, watertight, and durable roofing. In many countries there is a shortage of skilled labour which is required for common roof installation. Furthermore, workers in construction do not always have the necessary tools or safety equipment to perform competent roof installations.

Some tiled roofs are fitted with solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity. They consist of several solar cells that are made from silicon or other semiconductor materials. When sunlight strikes the solar cells, it causes a flow of electrons, which generates electricity. The electricity can then be used to power lights, appliances, and other electrical devices in a building, or it can be sent back to the power grid to be used by other consumers.

Solar panels that can be installed on tile roofs are a type of photovoltaic (PV) system that uses solar cells to convert sunlight into electricity. These panels can be mounted onto the existing tile roof by way of a bracket system, sometimes without the need to remove the tiles or make significant changes to the roof structure. In some cases, reinforcements may need to be made to the roof structure to account for additional weight of the PV system. As an example, a residential solar panel measures around 165cm x 100cm and weighs about 18kg. A typical residential solar panel installation will require installation of four or more solar panels. This additional weight dictates that some roof structures require reinforcement before installation of the solar panels.

In the case of non-permanent construction or canopy type solutions, the added weight of PV systems and the complexity of its mounting and installation process has diminished the adoption of solar in this meaningful sector which includes emergency relief construction, refugee housing, military base camp, research labs. etc Installing solar panels on plastic tile roofs can have similar advantages as on traditional tile roofs, including the ability to generate electricity from the sun, and not requiring removal of the existing roof. However, PV systems are expensive to install and are outside of the financial reach of many families and businesses without external funding. In some regions, funding for PV systems is difficult to obtain due to unsuitability of the existing building structure, prevalence of unregulated building activity, and lack of records concerning the construction of buildings.

It is against this background that the present invention has arisen.

SUMMARY

Aspects and embodiments of the invention relate to tiles or cladding for use as cover for a building envelope, whether permanent or non-permanent. Consequently, tiles used on a pitched roof may extend seamlessly to cladding on a vertical or angled wall of the building envelope. For ease of interpretation, the following disclosure focuses on the use of tiles for use as a roof covering. However, it will be appreciated that the following disclosure is equally applicable to use of the described tiles as cladding. For example, tiles and cladding as described herein can be used on roof pitches as low as twelve degrees and on vertical, or angled, walls upon which a roof deck is supported.

An aspect of the present invention provides a building tile made from a plastic material, having a top surface and a bottom surface and generally comprising a top section and a bottom section, and wherein the top section of the building tile is configured to interlock with the top section of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row and the bottom section of another building tile positioned above it in a vertical row, and the bottom section of the building tile is configured to interlock with the bottom section of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row.

In one embodiment, the interlocking engagement between the top sections of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row is by way of engagement of a tab or detent of one building tile with the other of the tab or detent of the other building tile.

In one embodiment, the interlocking engagement between the bottom sections of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row is by way of at least one click finger arrangement provided between the adjacent building tiles.

In one embodiment, the interlocking engagement between the top section of one building tile and the bottom section of another building tile arranged in a vertical row is by way of at least one click finger arrangement provided between the building tiles.

An interlocking engagement for mechanical fastening can provide several benefits: easy assembly and disassembly: The interlocking fingers of a click finger interface can be easily engaged and disengaged, making it easy to assemble or disassemble parts without the need for tools or adhesives. Such an arrangement allows building tiles of the present invention to be used for both permanent and non-permanent constructions. Secure fastening: The interlocking fingers of a click finger interface can provide a secure and stable connection between parts, ensuring that the parts stay together and function properly. Durability: Click fingers made of plastic have a polymeric memory which means they can return from a temporary shape to an original shape repeatedly. This makes them resistant to wear and tear and can withstand repeated use. Cost-effective: The use of simple and easy to produce parts like plastic click fingers can make the production process and assembly of the parts cheaper. Versatility: This type of interface can be used in a wide variety of applications, including but not limited to pitched roofs, wall cladding and canopies, and can be adapted to suit different shapes and sizes of parts, making it a versatile fastening solution. High Precision: The click finger interface allows for precise and accurate alignment of parts. Aesthetics: The click finger interface can provide a clean and finished look to the product.

Using multiple click finger arrangements between the building tile and each adjacent building tile can provide several benefits: Increased stability: Multiple click finger arrangements can provide increased stability to the building tiles, reducing the chance of tiles becoming dislodged with regular wear and tear of the building tile under normal and extreme weather conditions and human interaction due to repair or maintenance. Redundancy: Having multiple click finger interfaces can provide a level of redundancy, which can increase the overall reliability of the covering system. If one click finger interface fails, the others can keep the tile in place. Improved alignment: Using multiple click finger interfaces can help to improve the alignment of the tiles, which can enhance the overall aesthetic of the building and ensure proper water shedding. Increased flexibility: Multiple click finger arrangements can allow for more flexibility in the design of the building tiles, making it possible to use different tile shapes and sizes while still ensuring a secure connection independent of the holding structure. Greater durability: Using multiple click finger arrangements can increase the overall durability of the covering system, as the multiple interfaces can distribute the load more evenly and reduce wear on any one specific interface. Increased load capacity: Having multiple click finger arrangements can increase the load-bearing capacity of the building tiles, making it possible to use the tiles on larger and more complex covering systems. Cost savings: having multiple click fingers saves on additional hardware to secure tiles in place and to one another. Furthermore, the use of click fingers provides cost savings in terms of installation times as only a moderate force is required to engage adjacent click fingers without the need of additional tools and hardware.

Use of alignment guides in the form of tabs and detents ensures that tiles are aligned horizontally and vertically to provide a neat, finished appearance. Furthermore, well aligned tiles are less prone to water ingress and wind penetrating between tiles. The tabs and detents also effectively indicate correct positioning when installing the tiles which avoids misplacement and therefore risk of malfunctioning. Clear and concrete alignment guides allow for less experienced and un-skilled labour to install the system.

In one embodiment, the top surface further comprises a raised central ridge extending the length of the building tile from top to bottom such that a valley is defined between the raised central ridges of adjacent building tiles.

A building tile with a central ridge can provide several benefits: Improved water shedding: The central ridge on a building tile can help to channel water and snow off the building covering more effectively, reducing the chance of water infiltration and helping to prolong the life of the building covering. Increased wind resistance: A central ridge can increase the wind resistance of a building tile, by providing an upward force on the tile an upward force on the tile dissipating generalised strength overload on the surface and therefore keeping it in place when exposed to high winds. Increased structural integrity: The central ridge can provide additional strength to the tile, making it more resistant to breakage, sinkage, and warping, and helping to maintain the structural integrity of the building. Improved aesthetic: A central ridge can also provide an aesthetic benefit, as it can give the building a distinctive and attractive appearance where common soiling is less apparent. Increased durability:. Increased load-bearing capacity: A central ridge can also increase the load-bearing capacity of the building tile, making it possible to use the tile on larger and more complex covering systems providing safe support for installers and servicing personnel, allowing for applications on locations prone to extreme environmental conditions. Improved ventilation: A central ridge can also improve ventilation under the tile and on the top surface of the tile, which can help to prevent moisture build-up and prolong the life of the building.

In one embodiment, the top surface further comprises a first water barrier and second water barrier that are parallel to one another and extending upwardly from the top surface and laterally across the top surface of the building tile, forming a first drainage channel between them, the first drainage channel is configured to channel water away from the building tile.

The first drainage channel provides improved water shedding: The first and second water barriers can help to channel water and snow off the building covering more effectively, by creating a drainage channel at the top of the building tile that directs water away from the covering into lateral evacuation channels, promoting quick water evacuation and reducing the chance of filtration.

In one embodiment, the first drainage channel is configured to slope from a top corner of the building tile towards the opposite side of the building tile.

In one embodiment the top surface further comprises a second drainage channel extending upwardly from the top surface and longitudinally across the top surface of the building tile from top to bottom, the second drainage channel is configured to channel water away from the building tile and when installed, channels water away from the whole covering surface.

In one embodiment, the second drainage channel comprises a pair of parallel drainage channels separated by a dividing wall.

The second drainage channel provides improved water shedding: The first and second water barriers can help to channel water and snow off the covering more effectively, by creating a drainage channel between the sides of adjacent tiles that directs water away from the covering and reduces the chance of water infiltration.

Use of alignment guides ensures that tiles are aligned horizontally and vertically to provide a neat, finished appearance. Furthermore, well aligned tiles are less prone to water ingress and wind penetrating between tiles. The alignment guides also effectively indicate correct positioning when installing the tiles which avoids misplacement and therefore risk of malfunctioning. Clear and concrete alignment guides allow for less experienced and un-skilled labour to install the system.

In one embodiment, the building tile further comprises a first alignment hole configured to cooperate with an alignment hole of an adjacent building tile and to receive fixing hardware for fastening the building tile to a building structure.

Use of alignment holes ensures that mechanical fasteners used to fasten the building tiles to the building structure are correctly positioned each time. Furthermore, concentric alignment holes enable use of a single fastener to secure two adjacent tiles to the building structure saving on amount of fixing hardware required.

In one embodiment, the first alignment guide comprises a tab or detent on one side of the building tile and the other of a tab or detent on the other side of the building tile.

This design allows the tiles to interlock with each other, by matching the tabs or detents on one tile with the corresponding tabs or detents on the other tile. The use of a tab or detent on both sides of the tile allows for a more secure and precise alignment, making the installation of the covering system easier and more efficient. Additionally, this design can also potentially increase the durability and stability of the building covering, as the tiles will be held in place more securely.

In one embodiment, a second alignment guide defined by the underside of the central ridge that is cooperable with the central ridge of an adjacent building tile.

This design helps to prevent wind uplift and water infiltration, increasing the overall stability and longevity of the covering. Additionally, the interlocking system allows for a smoother, more seamless appearance on the covering, providing an improved aesthetic and the alignment of the central ridge provides an extended surface where, if required, solar panels can rest and be locked into the surface.

In one embodiment, at least one mounting aperture is provided through the top surface and leading to a mounting shaft extending from the bottom surface, the mounting aperture and mounting shaft being configured to receive fixing hardware for securing an object to the building tile.

This feature can be beneficial in several ways. For example, it allows for the attachment of solar panels, ventilation systems, under-tile cable channelling, lighting, or other surface mounted equipment without damaging the integrity of the tile. This can improve the energy efficiency and functionality of the building. Additionally, it can also be used for attaching surface-mounted lighting fixtures, signage, or other decorative elements, which can enhance the aesthetic appeal of the building. This feature can be useful for different types of covering systems and different types of buildings.

In one embodiment, the at least one mounting aperture is closed by a membrane that may be penetrated or torn off. The membrane may have a thickness that is less than that of the material of the remainder or the building tile.

Such an arrangement ensures that the tile remains watertight until such time that the membrane is removed to enable insertion of a mounting clip. A reusable bung, or cap, may be utilised to seal the mounting hole in situations that the mounting clip is removed. Alternatively, a mounting clip may be inserted in the mounting hole even when a separate object is not required to be mounted to the roof tile.

In one embodiment, the object to be secured to the building tile is a solar panel.

Clipping solar panels to the building covering eliminates the need for drilling holes, using screws, or using any other type of fastener, which can save time and money. It also facilitates self-installation without the need for expensive labour. Additionally, it allows for easy maintenance and cleaning, as the panels can be easily removed and replaced if necessary. Another benefit is that it reduces the risk of damage to the surface or building structure. Traditional solar panel installation methods often involve drilling holes and attaching the panels with screws, which can cause damage to the building cover over time. Clipping the panels to the building tiles eliminates this potential source of damage, preserving the integrity of the covering system.

In one embodiment, the fixing hardware comprises a clip defined by a head and a shaft, the head comprising a planar top surface for interacting with an impact device, a planar bottom surface to be held against the solar panel, the shaft comprising a longitudinal split to permit compression of the shaft in at least one lateral dimension and a retention lug configured to cooperate with an aperture or detent in the mounting shaft of the building panel.

The clip, which is defined by a head and a shaft, is designed to interact with an impact device, such as a hammer or mallet, to attach the solar panel quickly and easily to the building tile. The head of the clip comprises a planar top surface that allows for easy interaction with the impact device, and a planar bottom surface that is held against the solar panel. The shaft of the clip comprises a longitudinal split, which allows for compression of the shaft in at least one lateral dimension. This allows for a tight and secure fit between the clip and the mounting shaft of the building tile, increasing the stability of the attachment. Additionally, the retention lug on the shaft of the clip is configured to cooperate with an aperture or detent in the mounting shaft of the building tile. This helps to ensure that the clip stays securely in place once it is attached, reducing the risk of the solar panel becoming loose or detached over time. In some embodiments, the solar panel may also be attached to the building tiles by way of an adhesive and/or a separate mounting bracket.

In one embodiment, the shaft of the building tile comprises four detents spaced substantially equally around a circumference of the shaft.

This arrangement enables the mounting clip to be orientated in different orientations, i.e., North, South, East, and West. A single mounting clip design may therefore be used to mount objects located in any direction relative to the mounting clip.

In one embodiment the plastic material is recycled polypropylene.

Manufacturing building tiles from recycled polypropylene can have several benefits, including: Environmental sustainability: Using recycled polypropylene to make building tiles reduces the demand for virgin materials and reduces waste in landfills, which is an environmentally friendly approach. Cost-effective: Recycled polypropylene is generally less expensive than virgin materials, which can result in cost savings for manufacturers and consumers. Durability: Polypropylene is a strong and durable material that is resistant to impact, UV rays, and extreme temperatures. This makes it an ideal material for use in building tiles, which need to withstand harsh weather conditions. Lightweight: Building tiles made from polypropylene are lightweight, which makes them easy to transport and install. This can save time and labour costs. Flexibility: Polypropylene is a flexible material that can be easily moulded into different shapes, which allows for a wide variety of designs and styles of building tiles to be produced and it has excellent memory properties which allow for efficient click finger solutions and general structural strength. Weather resistant: Polypropylene is resistant to water, frost, and UV rays. Building tiles made from polypropylene are resistant to the weather and have a long-life expectancy. Recyclable: After its life as a building tile, recycled polypropylene can be recycled again, which is an environmentally friendly way of dealing with the waste of building tiles.

In one embodiment, the top surface of the building tile has a reflectance value of 0.65 or higher.

A building tile having a reflectance of 0.65 or higher can have several benefits, including: Energy efficiency: A high reflectance value means that the building tile reflects a greater amount of sunlight and heat, which can help to keep the building cooler and reduce the amount of energy needed to cool the interior. This can result in lower energy bills and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Cool roof compliance: Many cities and states have regulations that require new or renovated buildings to have cool roofs to reduce urban heat island effect. Roofs with a reflectance of 0.65 or higher are considered cool roofs and can help buildings meet these regulations. Longevity: High reflectance on covering materials can extend the life of the roof by reducing the amount of thermal stress on the materials, which can delay the aging process. Aesthetics: High Reflectance on materials does not have an impact on the aesthetics of building coverings keeping sleek matt colours and finishes available and therefore retaining attractive appeal. Increased property value: A cool roof can be considered a desirable feature for a building and can increase its value. Reducing the heat island effect: high reflectance in covering materials can reduce the temperature of the building and the surrounding area, which can help to mitigate the urban heat island effect.

In one embodiment, the top surface of the building tile has an emittance value of 0.9 or higher.

A building tile having an emittance of 0.9 or higher can have several benefits, including: Energy efficiency: A high emittance value means that the building tile is able to release a significant amount of heat that is absorbed by the tile, which can help to keep the building cooler and reduce the amount of energy needed to cool the interior. This can result in lower energy bills and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Cool roof compliance: Many cities and states have regulations that require new or renovated buildings to have cool roofs to reduce urban heat island effect. Roofs with an emittance of 0.9 or higher are considered cool roofs and can help buildings meet these regulations. Longevity: Building tiles with high emittance values can extend the life of the covering by reducing the amount of thermal stress on the materials, which can delay the aging process. Increased property value: A cool roof can be considered a desirable feature for a building and can increase its value. Reducing the heat island effect: High emittance covering materials can reduce the temperature of the building and the surrounding area, which can help to mitigate the urban heat island effect. Increased comfort: When a building tile has a high emittance, it can help to reduce the indoor temperature, which can increase the overall comfort of the occupants.

In one embodiment, at least the top surface of the building tile is of a light-coloured material.

Making a building tile from a light-coloured material can have several benefits, including: Energy efficiency: Light-coloured building tiles reflect more sunlight and heat than darker coloured tiles, which can help to keep the building cooler and reduce the amount of energy needed to cool the interior. This can result in lower energy bills and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

Cool roof compliance: Many cities and states have regulations that require new or renovated buildings to have cool roofs to reduce urban heat island effect. Roofs with a light colour are considered to contribute towards classification as cool roofs and can help buildings meet these regulations. Longevity: Light-coloured building tiles can extend the life of the covering by reducing the amount of thermal stress on the materials, which can delay the aging process. Aesthetics: Light-coloured building tiles can add an attractive and sleek look to a building, and because of the lighter colour, can also help to increase the perceived brightness of a building. Increased property value: A cool roof can be considered a desirable feature for a building and can increase its value. Reducing the heat island effect: Light-coloured covering materials can reduce the temperature of the building and the surrounding area, which can help to mitigate the urban heat island effect.

Another aspect of the invention provides a building covering system comprising a building tile comprised of: a building tile made of a plastic material, the building tile generally comprising a top section and a bottom section, and wherein the top section of the building tile is configured to interlock with the top section of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row and the bottom section of another building tile positioned above it in a vertical row, and the bottom section of the building tile is configured to interlock with the bottom section of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row., and at least one mounting aperture extending through the top surface of the mounting aperture and leading to a mounting shaft extending from the bottom surface of the building tile, the mounting aperture and mounting shaft being configured to receive a mounting clip for securing an object to the building tile; and the mounting clip is defined by a head and a shaft, the head comprising a planar top surface for interacting with an impact device, a planar bottom surface to be held against the solar panel, the shaft comprising a longitudinal split to permit compression of the shaft in at least one lateral dimension and a retention lug configured to cooperate with an aperture or detent in the mounting shaft of the building tile.

The advantages of this aspect of the invention have already been set out above in conjunction with the individual features specified.

In one embodiment, the covering system further comprises a mounting clip, defined by a head and a shaft, the head comprising a planar top surface for interacting with an impact device, a planar bottom surface to be held against the solar panel, the shaft comprising a longitudinal split to permit compression of the shaft in at least one lateral dimension and a retention lug configured to cooperate with an aperture or detent in the mounting shaft of the building panel. and a solar panel configured to be clamped between the mounting clip and building tile.

Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. The detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended to be given by way of example only.

FIGURES

Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of reference to the following figures: FIG. 1 illustrates a first view of the top surface of a building tile according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a view of the bottom surface of a building tile according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates a second view of the top surface of a building tile according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates indicative locations of click finger components on a building tile according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a first view of a mounting clip according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a second view of a mounting clip according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates an interface between building tiles and a mounting clip according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates a roofing installation comprising roof tiles and a thin solar panel fixed thereto according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a roofing installation comprising a plurality of roof tiles according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION

The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.

The description of illustrative embodiments according to principles of the present invention is intended to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, which are to be considered part of the entire written description. In the description of embodiments of the invention disclosed herein, any reference to direction or orientation is merely intended for convenience of description and is not intended in any way to limit the scope of the present invention. Relative terms such as "lower," "upper," "horizontal," "vertical," "above," "below," "up," "down," "top" and "bottom" as well as derivatives thereof (e.g., "horizontally," "downwardly," "upwardly," etc.) should be construed to refer to the orientation as then described or as shown in the drawing under discussion. These relative terms are for convenience of description only and do not require that the apparatus be constructed or operated in a particular orientation unless explicitly indicated as such.

Terms such as "attached," "affixed," "connected," "coupled," "interconnected," and similar refer to a relationship wherein structures are secured or attached to one another either directly or indirectly through intervening structures, as well as both movable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise. Moreover, the features and benefits of the invention are illustrated by reference to the exemplified embodiments. Accordingly, the invention expressly should not be limited to such exemplary embodiments illustrating some possible non-limiting combination of features that may exist alone or in other combinations of features; the scope of the invention being defined by the claims appended hereto.

The building tile (10) referred to herein is described as having a top surface (12) and a bottom surface (14). When orientated with the top surface (12) facing upwardly (as is intended), the uppermost part of the building tile (10) is the top, and the lowermost part of the building tile (10) is the bottom. References herein to the top section of the building tile (10) refer to the part of the building tile (10) nearest the top of the building tile (10). References herein to the bottom section of the building tile (10) refer to the part of the building tile (10) nearest the bottom of the building tile (10). References herein to the midsection of the building tile (10) refer to the part of the building tile (10) that is between the top section and bottom section of the building tile (10).

The present invention relates to a building tile (10), and more particularly to a roof or cladding tile (10) designed to improve the overall performance of a building envelope. For convenience, both roof tiles and cladding tiles are referred to as tiles in this detailed description. The tile (10) of the present invention comprises a plastic material, having a top surface (12) and a bottom surface (14) The tile (10) interlocks with adjacent tiles (10) both horizontally and vertically. In the illustrated embodiments, the interlocking engagement of tiles (10) in a horizontal row is by way of: i) engagement of a tab (46) or detent (48) of the top section of one tile (10) with the other of a tab (46) or detent (48) of the top section of the other, adjacent tile (10); and ii) by way of at least one click finger arrangement provided between the bottom sections of adjacent building tiles (10). The interlocking engagement of tiles (10) in a vertical row is by way of engagement of the top section of one tile (10) and the bottom section of another tile (10) by way of at least one click finger arrangement provided between the tiles (10).

The plastic material may be a recycled plastic material. The recycled plastic material may be recycled polypropylene. As shown in FIGs. 1 and 3, the top surface (12) further comprises a raised central ridge (16) extending the length of the tile (10) from the top section to the bottom section such that a valley (20) is defined between the raised central ridges (16) of adjacent tiles (10). The tile (10) of the present invention is lightweight, durable, and easy to install, making it an ideal solution for various roofing applications.

The top surface (12) of the tile (10) further comprises a water barrier (20) positioned towards the top of the tile (10). The water barrier (18) extends across the top section of the tile (10) in the x-direction between the sides of the tile (10). The water barrier projects upwardly and substantially perpendicular from the top surface (12) to form a physical barrier that prevents water from blowing up under another roof tile positioned above the tile (10). In addition, the top surface (12) also comprises a first drainage channel (22 -see FIG. 3) positioned adjacent to the water barrier (18). In some embodiments, the first drainage channel (22) may be defined between the water barrier (18)and a drainage channel wall (26) that project upwardly and substantially perpendicular to the top surface (12) of the tile (10). The first drainage channel (22) is configured to receive water and guide it to run down the outer surface (12). This may be achieved by the drainage channel wall (26), comprising an angular portion (28) that guides the collected water to flow in a desired direction. Furthermore, the tile (10) is sloped from an upper corner downwardly such that water runs from the top section of the tile (10) towards the bottom section of the tile (10).

The top surface (12) may further comprise at least one second drainage channel (30) that runs from the top section of the tile (10) to the bottom section of the tile (10). FIG. 3 shows that there are two second drainage channels (30) arranged parallel to one another and that extend from the top section of the tile (10) to the bottom part of the tile (10). The second drainage channel is defined by a pair of parallel drainage channel walls (32, 34) that project upwardly and substantially perpendicular to the top surface (12). In use, both the first drainage channel (22) and second drainage channels (30) are positioned beneath adjacent roof tiles and act to collect and guide any water that passes between the joints of the tile (10) with adjacent roof tiles.

The top surface (12) may further comprise at least one mounting hole (36) that passes through the tile (10) from the top surface (12) to the bottom surface (14) to receive a mounting shaft (described below) of a mounting clip (100). An interface between one or more mounting clips (100) and the tile (10) may facilitate the mounting of a peripheral artifact, i.e., a solar panel, to the tile (10). While the present disclosure focuses on the mounting of solar panels to tiles (10), the present invention is equally applicable to other peripherals that can be mounted to tiles (10), for examples, lighting, signage and security devices.

Tiles (10) according to embodiments of the invention are intended to be screwed to a roof deck or building envelope frame. To minimise the number of screws required while still providing an adequate fixing to the roof deck, each roof tile comprises in an upper right corner a fixing hole (38) configured to receive a screw. The opposite upper corner of the roof tile comprises a fixing screw alignment guide (40) through which the fixing screw is inserted to ensure concentric alignment between the fixing hole (38) and fixing screw alignment guide (40). This way, only a single screw is required to fix a pair of adjacent and overlapping tiles (10) to the roof deck.

The bottom surface (14) of the tile (10) is illustrated in FIG. 2. The bottom surface (14) comprises a support rib structure (42) consisting of horizontal, vertical, and diagonal ribs that are configured to provide stiffness and resistance from bending, warping, torquing, and sinking of the tile (10) when under load. The bottom surface (14) also comprises a rear wall that projects substantially perpendicularly from the bottom surface (14). Furthermore, the bottom surface (14) comprises mounting shafts (44) associated with each mounting hole (36). Each mounting shaft comprises four detents (43) spaced substantially equally around a circumference of the mounting shaft.

Adjacent tiles (10) are secured together by way of a snap fit interface having an interlocking design. The snap fit interface is defined by a protrusion, i.e.,, a flexible finger, of one tile (10) that fits into a corresponding, fixed recess on an adjacent tile (10). This provides a positive engagement ensuring that adjacent tiles (10) are securely fastened together and can withstand forces such as tension, compression, and shear, such as may be experienced by the tile (10) during periods of high wind, extreme downpours, or snow loading and from additional weight caused by transient loading from animals and from humans present on the roof. Each tile (10) comprises a pair of male click finger components (45) and a pair of female click finger components (47). The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 illustrates an example of positioning of each of the male (45) and female (47) click finger components.

In an embodiment, the tab (46) on one side of the tile (10) and a second, complimentary, detent (48) on the other side of the tile (10) such that the tab (46) of one tile (10) is cooperable with the detent (48) of the other tile (10). Such an arrangement enables simple lateral alignment of multiple tiles (10) across a roof deck or wall of a building envelope. In an embodiment, the snap interface is provided by two pairs of cooperable 'click finger' arrangements. The fingers are made from the same material of the tile (10) and are designed to "click" into place when adjacent tiles (10) are pushed together. This type of interface has been chosen as it allows for easy assembly and disassembly without the need for tools or adhesives.

In an embodiment, a first click finger arrangement is provided between the water barrier of one tile (10) and a side wall of another, adjacent tile. A second click finger arrangement is provided between a first side wall of the tile (10) and an adjacent side wall of another tile. A third click finger arrangement is provided between a second side wall of the tile (10) and an adjacent side wall of another tile. This way, the tile (10) is mechanically, and releasably, fastened to each adjacent tile. This is shown in FIG. 4.

FIGs. 5 and 6 show views of a mounting clip (100) according to embodiments of the invention. The mounting clip (100) comprises a head (102) and a shaft (104). The head (102) comprises a large planar surface (106) configured to enable interaction with an impact device, i.e., a hammer. The shaft (104) comprises an elongate tube having at least one longitudinal split, or slit, to enable deformation of at least part of the shaft (104) in the x-dimension. The shaft (104) also comprises a mounting projection (108) configured to be received by a detent of a mounting shaft (44) of a tile (10) into which the shaft (104) is inserted. The head (102) comprises a retention surface (110) that is parallel to and spaced apart from the large planar surface (104). The retention surface (110) is configured to clamp an object between the mounting clip (100) and tile (10). As shown in FIGs. 5 and 6, the mounting clips (100) may be used to clamp solar panels (200) between themselves and one or more tiles (10).

FIGs 7 and 8 illustrate a roofing system installation according to embodiments of the invention and comprising a plurality of tiles (10), mounting clips (100) and solar panels (200). In some embodiments, the mounting clips (100) may be used to align the solar panels (200) and the solar panels (200) may further be secured to the tiles (10) by way of adhesive and/or mounting brackets.

FIG. 9 illustrates a roof installation comprising a plurality of roof tiles (10) arranged in rows.

An installation according to embodiments of the invention is required to have high reflectance and emittance. This is achieved partly by providing tiles (10) having a light colour such as white or a light pastel colour. Reflectance and emittance is further increased through use of custom designed additives that not only provide a beneficial cooling effect, but also UV stability and durability.

Reflectance is typically measured on a scale of 0 to 1, where 0 represents no reflectance (complete absorption) and 1 represents complete reflectance (no absorption). It is usually measured as a percentage or as a decimal value. It is also measured in a unit called "unitless" as it is a ratio of the energy reflected by the surface to the energy incident on the surface.

For example, a reflectance value of 0.75 means that 75% of the solar radiation that strikes the surface is reflected into the atmosphere, while 25% is absorbed. It's important to note that the reflectance value can vary depending on the wavelength of light being measured, and that some materials may have different reflectance values for different wavelengths. For example, a material may have a high reflectance value for visible light but a low reflectance value for infrared radiation. Tiles according to the present invention target a reflectance value of 0.65 for both visible light and infrared radiation.

Emittance is a measure of how well a surface releases heat that it has absorbed. It is typically measured on a scale of 0 to 1, with 0 being no emittance and 1 being perfect emittance. It is also measured in a unit called "unitless" as it is a ratio of the energy reflected by the surface to the energy incident on the surface. Building envelope systems according to embodiments of the invention target an emittance value of at least 0.9. This means that the material can release 90% of the heat it has absorbed back into the atmosphere. Materials with high emittance values can release heat quickly, which can help to reduce the amount of heat absorbed by a building, thus lowering cooling costs. Materials such as metal roofing/cladding, which typically have low emittance values (around 0.1), can retain heat, making a building warmer and increasing cooling costs. Provision of tiles according to embodiments of the invention thus provide greater cooling effect than commonly used building materials in developing countries.

The above embodiments are exemplary only, and other possibilities and alternatives within the scope of the appended claims will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A building tile comprising a plastic material, having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein t. the building tile generally comprises a top section and a bottom section, and wherein the top section of the building tile is configured to interlock with the top section of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row and the bottom section of another building tile positioned above it in a vertical row, and the bottom section of the building tile is configured to interlock with the bottom section of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row.
2. A building tile according to claim 1, wherein the interlocking engagement between the top sections of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row is by way of engagement of a tab or detent of one building tile with the other of the tab or detent of the other building tile.
3. A building tile according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the interlocking engagement between the bottom sections of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row is by way of at least one click finger arrangement provided between the adjacent building tiles.
4. A building tile according to any of claims 2 or 3, wherein the interlocking engagement between the top section of one building tile and the bottom section of another building tile arranged in a vertical row is by way of at least one click finger arrangement provided between the building tiles.
5. A building tile according to any preceding claim, wherein the building tile is a roof tile.
6. A building tile according toany of claims 1 to 4, wherein the building tile is a wall cladding tile.
7. A building tile according to any preceding claim, wherein the top surface comprises a raised central ridge extending the length of the building tile from the top section to the bottom section such that a valley is defined between the raised central ridges of adjacent building tiles.
8. A building tile according to any preceding claim, wherein the top surface further comprises a first water barrier and second water barrier that are parallel to one another and extend upwardly from the top surface and laterally across the top section of the building tile, forming a first drainage channel between them, the first drainage channel is configured to channel water away from the top section of the building tile.
9. A building tile according to claim 8, wherein the first water barrier is taller than the second water barrier and further acts as a positioning guide between the building tile and another building tile positioned above the building tile in a vertical row.
10.A building tile according to claim 9, wherein the top surface further comprises a second drainage channel extending upwardly from the top surface and longitudinally across the top surface of the building tile from the top section of the building tile to the bottom section of the building tile, the second drainage channel being configured to channel water away from the building tile.
11.A building tile according to claim 10, wherein the second drainage channel comprises a pair of parallel drainage channels separated by a dividing wall.
12.A building tile according to any claim 2 further comprising a first alignment hole configured to cooperate with a second alignment hole of an adjacent building tile and to receive fixing hardware for fastening the building tile to a building structure.
13.A building tile according to claim 12, further comprising an alignment guide defined by the underside of the central ridge that is cooperable with the central ridge of another building tile positioned above the building tile in a vertical row.
14.A building tile according to any preceding claim further comprising at least one mounting aperture through the top surface and leading to a mounting shaft extending from the bottom surface, the mounting aperture and mounting shaft being configured to receive fixing hardware for securing an object to the building tile.
15.A building tile according to claim 14, wherein the object to be secured to the building tile is a solar panel, signage, security apparatus or lighting apparatus.
16.A building tile according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the at least one mounting aperture is closed by a membrane that may be penetrated or torn off.
17.A building tile according to claim 16, wherein the membrane has a thickness that is less than that of the material of the remainder or the building tile.
18.A building tile according to claim 12, wherein the fixing hardware comprises a clip defined by a head and a shaft, the head comprising a planar top surface for interacting with an impact device, a planar bottom surface to be held against the solar panel, the shaft comprising a longitudinal split to permit compression of the shaft in at least one lateral dimension and a retention lug configured to cooperate with an aperture or detent in the mounting shaft of the building tile.
19.A building tile according to claim 18, wherein the shaft of the building tile comprises four detents spaced substantially equally around a circumference of the shaft.
20.A building tile according to any preceding claim, wherein the plastic material is recycled polypropylene.
21.A building tile according to any preceding claim having a reflectance value of 0.65 or higher.
22.A building tile according to any preceding claim having an emittance value of 0.9 or higher.
23.A building tile according to any preceding claim comprising a light-coloured outer surface.
24.A building covering system comprising a building tile comprised of: a building tile made of a plastic material, the building tile generally comprising a top section and a bottom section, and wherein the top section of the building tile is configured to interlock with the top section of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row and the bottom section of another building tile positioned above it in a vertical row, and the bottom section of the building tile is configured to interlock with the bottom section of adjacent building tiles in a horizontal row., and at least one mounting aperture extending through the top surface of the mounting aperture and leading to a mounting shaft extending from the bottom surface of the building tile, the mounting aperture and mounting shaft being configured to receive a mounting clip for securing an object to the building tile; and the mounting clip is defined by a head and a shaft, the head comprising a planar top surface for interacting with an impact device, a planar bottom surface to be held against the solar panel, the shaft comprising a longitudinal split to permit compression of the shaft in at least one lateral dimension and a retention lug configured to cooperate with an aperture or detent in the mounting shaft of the building tile.