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GB2540480A - Massive data transmission method using adaptive transmission profile in wireless sensor network for battlefield surveillance - Google Patents

Massive data transmission method using adaptive transmission profile in wireless sensor network for battlefield surveillance Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2540480A
GB2540480A GB1611735.0A GB201611735A GB2540480A GB 2540480 A GB2540480 A GB 2540480A GB 201611735 A GB201611735 A GB 201611735A GB 2540480 A GB2540480 A GB 2540480A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
transmission
node
reception
burst
reception node
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Granted
Application number
GB1611735.0A
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GB201611735D0 (en
GB2540480B (en
Inventor
Kim Yi-Hyeong
Lee Ki-Taek
Ahn Mi-Rim
Jeon Ki-Nam
Kim Yong-Hyun
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Agency for Defence Development
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Agency for Defence Development
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Publication of GB2540480A publication Critical patent/GB2540480A/en
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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0006Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format
    • H04L1/0007Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format by modifying the frame length
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/36Flow control; Congestion control by determining packet size, e.g. maximum transfer unit [MTU]
    • H04L47/365Dynamic adaptation of the packet size
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/38Flow control; Congestion control by adapting coding or compression rate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0231Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions
    • H04W28/0236Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions radio quality, e.g. interference, losses or delay
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/04Scheduled access
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002Transmission of channel access control information
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00Network topologies
    • H04W84/18Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)

Abstract

A method of transmitting massive data in a wireless sensor network for battlefield surveillance comprises sending, by a transmission node, a burst transmission request to a reception node. The reception node selects a transmission profile to be used by the transmission node, the transmission profile comprising a physical layer packet transmission unit (PDU) size and forward error correction code (FEC). The selection depends on the signal strength (RSSI) of the burst transmission request. The reception node sends a channel resource reservation request to adjacent nodes which causes the adjacent nodes to enter a sleep state for the duration of the burst. The transmission node divides data into multiple fragmentation packets according to the transmission profile and transmits a burst of consecutive packets without acknowledgement messages from the reception node. The transmission and reception nodes switch from power management according to a duty cycle in a power saving operation mode to a burst transmission mode in order to transmit and receive the burst.

Description

MASSIVE DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD USING ADAPTIVE TRANSMISSION PROFILE IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FOR BATTLEFIELD SURVEILLANCE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates generally to wireless sensor network technology. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for defining a transmission profile that reflects a communication environment and transmitting massive data using the transmission profile in order to effectively transmit massive data such as images in a wireless sensor network environment. 2. Description of the Related Art [0002] A wireless ad-hoc sensor network is applied to various application fields, and the protocol design thereof varies depending on the application field and the purpose. Such application fields may include border surveillance, battlefield surveillance, forest observation, disaster management, facility security, and the like. Accordingly, the characteristics and types of data for the target application must be accurately recognized. Also, because the limited energy of battery is used as energy source, technology for maximizing energy efficiency is required.
[0003] IEEE 802.15.4, which is a typical protocol of wireless sensor networks, or commonly used sensing data transmission protocols are optimized for low-rate data transmission applications and use various algorithms to increase energy efficiency.
[0004] However, when it is necessary to transmit massive data such as multimedia data in a sensor network environment, such protocols entail a high probability of collision between media and increased channel occupation time. Therefore, energy consumption may rapidly increase in proportion to the amount of data to be transmitted.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] Accordingly, the present invention has been proposed in order to solve the above problems occurring in the related art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for transmitting massive data using an adaptive transmission profile, which enables the interaction between all layers, from an application layer to a physical layer, by analyzing the characteristics and types of data transmissions in order to satisfy the requirements for energy efficiency and transmission of massive data.
[0006] The present invention provides a method for transmitting massive data using an adaptive transmission profile in an environment of a wireless sensor network comprising multiple sensor nodes for battlefield surveillance, which enables the interaction between all layers, from an application layer to a physical layer, by detecting the characteristics and types of data transmissions in order to satisfy the requirements for energy efficiency and transmission of massive data according to the related art.
The method for transmitting massive data using the adaptive transmission profile includes (a) sending, by a transmission node, a burst transmission request to a reception node, the transmission node and the reception node being selected from among the multiple sensor nodes; (b) selecting, by the reception node, a transmission profile to be sent to the transmission node in order to prevent channel interference and collision from at least one adjacent node located close to the reception node during a burst transmission mode; (c) sending, by the reception node, a request for reserving a communication channel resource to the adjacent node located close to the reception node; and (d) performing the burst transmission by switching the reception node and the transmission node from a power-saving operation mode to the burst transmission mode as the reception node sends the transmission profile to the transmission node.
[0007] At the burst transmission mode, the transmission node may divide data by applying the transmission profile sent from the reception node and send the divided data to the reception node.
[0008] The transmission node and the reception node may perform power management according to a duty cycle in the power-saving operation mode.
[0009] the adjacent node may be set as a sleep mode according to the reservation of the communication channel resource [0010] The transmission profile may be selected by measuring a signal strength of the transmission node for massive data transmission.
[0011] The method may further include after (d), sending, by the reception node, a reception completion acknowlegement message to the transmission node, and switching, by the reception node, from the burst transmission mode to the power-saving operation node; and returning, by the transmission node, to the power-saving operation mode upon receiving the reception completion acknowlegement message.
[0012] Also, the transmission profile may be configured with a combination of a size of a physical layer transmission unit and an error correction code, which compensate for a Bit Error Rate (BER) to signal strength of the transmission node based on a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) criterion and guarantee a predetermined success rate of transmission.
[0013] The error correction code may use Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes.
[0014] Also, (c) may comprises setting, by the adjacent node, a sleep mode using a time during which a communication channel resource is reserved; and returning to the powersaving operation mode when the time during which the communication channel resource is reserved lapses.
[0015] The burst transmission may be performed in such a way that the data are divided into multiple fragmentation packets according to a size of a packet transmission unit of a physical layer and the multiple fragmentation packets are consecutively transmitted without an acknowlegement(ACK) message from the reception node.
[0016] A header of a last fragmentation packet, among the multiple fragmentation packets, may include information that indicates the end of transmission.
[0017] The wireless sensor network is a wireless ad-hoc sensor network.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: [0019] FIG. 1 is a concept diagram of a common wireless sensor network; [0020] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the sensor node illustrated in FIG. 1; [0021] FIG. 3 A and 3B are flowcharts illustrating a process in which the requirement for massive data transmission is processed according to an embodiment of the present invention; [0022] FIG. 4 is a graph that shows a Bit Error Rate/Received Signal Strength Indicator (BER/RSSI) curve of a transmission medium according to an embodiment of the present invention; and [0023] FIG. 5 is an example of a transmission profile configuration for the BER/RSSI curve illustrated in FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0024] The present invention may be variously changed, and may have various embodiments, and specific embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. However, it should be understood that those embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention to specific disclosure forms and they include all changes, equivalents or modifications included in the spirit and scope of the present invention.
[0025] It should be noted that the same reference numerals are used to designate the same or similar elements throughout the drawings.
[0026] It will be understood that, although the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.
[0027] For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present invention. As used here, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
[0029] It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined here.
[0030] Hereinafter, a massive data transmission method using an adaptive transmission profile in a wireless sensor network environment for battle field surveillance according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0031] FIG. 1 is a concept diagram of a common wireless sensor network 100. Referring to FIG. 1, multiple sensor nodes 110-1 to 110-n are arranged in the wireless sensor network 100 in order to detect a target 10. The sensor nodes 110-1 to 110-n, included in the wireless sensor network, usually operate in a power-saving operation mode so as to be operated with low power.
[0032] However, when the transmission of massive data is requested, the sensor node switches to a burst transmission mode and completes the transmission of the massive data with maximum transmission performance adapted for the communication environment. Here, in order to prevent interference and/or collision of channels between adjacent nodes, the communication channel are reserved.
[0033] In the power-saving operation mode, in order to minimize energy consumed for a wireless connection between the sensors, power management is performed in such a way that a wireless transmitter-receiver is repeatedly turned on and off according to a duty cycle. In the burst transmission mode, data to be transmitted are divided according to the size of packet transmission unit of a physical layer (PHY PDU) by applying a transmission profile in which the communication environment is reflected, and the divided data are consecutively transmitted without an acknowlegement (ACK) message from the receiver side.
[0034] The transmission profile represents a combination of physical layer configuration parameters for guaranteeing a transmission success rate with RSSI, which is the communication environment condition, and includes a size of packet transmission unit (PHY PDU) and a Forward Error Correction (FEC) code. This is shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 will be described later.
[0035] Especially, in an exemplary of the present invention, a transmission bandwidth determination priority based Queuing scheme can be used according to a network traffic by identifying a data type which is occurred in the wireless sensor network. In addition, synchronous resource allocation scheme based on reception nodes can be used so that overheads occurring traffic caused by an asynchronous resource reservation scheme based on messages and transmission interference caused by a new node’s entrance can be overcome and transmission success rate can be assured thereby. Therefore, more effective massive data selection and transmission can be implemented.
[0036] An exemplary of the transmission profile is as follows.
[0037] Referring to FIG. 1 again, the multiple sensor nodes 110-1 to 110-n are arranged in two or three dimensions.
[0038] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the sensor node illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 shows the block diagram of the first sensor node 110-1 as a typical example of the multiple sensor nodes 110-1 to 110-n. Specifically, the first sensor node 110-1 includes a sensing unit 210 for creating sensing information by sensing a target 10, a control unit 220 for processing the sensing information and controlling the sensing unit 210, a transmitter 230 for transmitting the sensing information and/or information about the sensor node to the outside, and a receiver 240 for receiving a signal and/or sensing information of another sensor node from the outside.
[0039] The sensing unit 210 may be a directional sensor such as a Passive Infra-Red (PIR) sensor, an image sensor, and an electromagnetic sensor, or a non-directional sensor such as a seismic sensor, an acoustic sensor, and a magnetic sensor.
[0040] FIG. 3A and 3B are flowcharts illustrating the process in which a request for massive data transmission is processed according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3 A and 3B, nodes are classified into three objects, that is, a transmission node on a transmitter side, involved in data transmission, a reception node on a receiver side, and an adjacent node, which is located close to the reception node. Also, steps are classified into a power-saving operation mode, before a request for the transmission of massive data is made, a burst transmission mode, in which massive data are transmitted, and a return to the power-saving operation mode, after the transmission is completed, and the operation in each of the steps, information exchange between the objects, and the interaction between the objects are defined.
[0041] Of course, the reception node, the transmission node, and the adjacent node may be distinguished depending on the role, among the multiple sensor nodes 110-1 to 110-n. In FIG. 3A and 3B, for understanding of description, it is assumed that there are the transmission node 110-1, the reception node 110-2, and the adjacent node 110-3.
[0042] The transmission node 110-1 on the transmitter side sends collection data which are collected by a sensor node to the reception node 110-2 at step S300.
[0043] The reception node 110-2 identifies a data type according to the collection data at step S301.
[0044] In addition, the transmission node 110-1 which receives a request for massive data transmission from an application layer, can deliver a burst transmission request message, which includes the required bandwidth, to the reception node 110-2 on the receiver side at step S300.
[0045] The reception node 110-2 judges whether the data type is massive data such as multimedia for monitoring sensor fields or small data such as control information etc. at step S3 03.
[0046] The reception node 110-2 sends a reply information to the transmission node 110-1 if the data type is small data according to the judgement at step S304.
[0047] The reception node 110-2 on the receiver side measures the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) for the message received from the transmission node 110-1 on the transmitter side and checks the required bandwidth at step S311. At step S313, a transmission profile suitable for the RSSI is selected using the RSSI and/or the required bandwidth.
[0048] At step S315, a request for reservation of communication channel resources is made to all of the adjacent nodes in order to prevent channel interference from the adjacent node 110-3 during the burst transmission. Here, the reservation time for the communication channel resources is calculated using the estimated transmission time for the data to be transmitted, which is calculated based on the selected transmission profile.
[0049] The estimated transmission time may be calculated by dividing the size of all of the data to be transmitted at the transmission speed after calculating the total size of the data, which includes application data and overhead for each packet, which depends on the maximum packet transmission unit (PHY PDU) and whether to apply an error correction code (FEC), which are specified in the corresponding transmission profile.
[0050] The adjacent node 110-3, which receives the request for the reservation of communication channel resources, switches to a sleep mode at step S330 and maintains the sleep mode for the estimated transmission time. The sleep mode indicates the state in which an attempt at wireless connection between sensors is prohibited and a transmitter-receiver is turned off. The sleep mode is distinguished from the powersaving operation mode, in which a wireless transmitter-receiver is repeatedly turned on and off according to a duty cycle.
[0051] In response to the burst transmission request from the transmission node 110-1, the reception node 110-2 on the receiver side delivers the selected transmission profile to the transmission node 110-1 on the transmitter side at step S317. The transmission node 110-1 on the transmitter side applies the size of the physical layer transmission unit (PHY PDU) and the FEC of the transmission profile, received from the reception node 110-2 on the receiver side, and switches to a burst transmission mode at step S340.
[0052] The reception node 110-2 on the receiver side also applies the same transmission profile as the transmission node 110-1 on the transmitter side and switches to a burst reception mode at step S319. The transmission node 110-1 on the transmitter side transmits the massive data, delivered from the application layer, in the burst transmission mode at step S341, and transmits a last fragmentation packet, the header of which contains information that indicates the end of transmission. Here, the fragmentation packet is configured in such a way that the data to be transmitted are divided by the maximum packet transmission unit (PHY PDU) and a header is added to each of the pieces of divided data. The header of each packet includes the sequential position of the corresponding packet and a field containing information about the end of transmission.
[0053] The reception node 110-2 on the receiver side consecutively receives the packets without an acknowlegement(ACK) message at step S321, corresponding to step S341. When the reception node 110-2 on the receiver side receives the last packet, which includes the information about the end of transmission, at step S323, it sends a reception completion response, notifying the transmission node 110-1 on the transmitter side about the completion of reception, and returns to the power-saving operation mode.
[0054] At step S343, the transmission node 110-1 on the transmitter side also returns to the power-saving operation mode upon receiving the reception completion acknowlegement (ACK) message.
[0055] At step S350, if the estimated transmission time (communication channel resource occupation time), set before entering the sleep mode, lapses, the adjacent node 110-3, which is in the sleep mode, automatically returns to the power-saving operation mode.
[0056] FIG. 4 is a graph shows the Bit Error Rate/Received Signal Strength Indicator (BER/RSSI) curve of a transmission medium according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 4, the horizontal axis shows the RSSI 420 to which an actual measurement for a target transmission medium is applied, and the vertical axis shows the BER 440. Also, the horizontal axis depicted below the RSSI 420 shows the transmission profile 430. The graph shows the BER curve 410 of the target transmission medium as a function of the RSSI.
[0057] FIG. 5 is an example of the transmission profile configuration for the BER/RSSI curve illustrated in FIG. 4. Referring to FIG. 5, the transmission profile (Profile NO.) includes the RSSI criterion, which is a communication environment condition, the size of the packet transmission unit (PHY PDU), an error correction code (FEC), and the like. Accordingly, when the communication environment condition is good, namely, when the RSSI is high, the transmission profile configured with the maximum packet transmission unit (PHY PDU) and nonuse of the error correction code (FEC) is selected. Conversely, in a poor communication environment, the transmission profile configured with the minimum packet transmission unit (PHY PDU) and use of the error correction code (FEC) is selected.
[0058] According to the present invention, a power-saving operation mode is usually maintained, but when it is necessary to transmit massive data, the massive data are completely transmitted with maximum available performance under the given conditions in the communication environment by operating a burst transmission mode, whereby the communication channel occupation time and the time during which the transmitter-receiver is used may be minimized so as to increase energy efficiency and transmission performance.
[0059] Also, the present invention may also increase the reliability of transmission by applying a different transmission profile in a poor communication environment.
[0060] Furthermore, because the present invention uses both a power-saving operation mode and a burst transmission mode, it may be applied to various application fields in addition to massive data transmission.

Claims (6)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A method for transmitting massive data using an adaptive transmission profile in an environment of a wireless sensor network comprising multiple sensor nodes for battlefield surveillance, the method comprising: (a) sending, by a transmission node, a burst transmission request to a reception node, the transmission node and the reception node being selected from among the multiple sensor nodes; (b) selecting, by the reception node, a transmission profile to be sent to the transmission node in order to prevent channel interference and collision from at least one adjacent node located close to the reception node during a burst transmission mode ; (c) sending, by the reception node, a request for reserving a communication channel resource to the adjacent node located close to the reception node; and (d) performing the burst transmission by switching the reception node and the transmission node from a power-saving operation mode to the burst transmission mode as the reception node sends the transmission profile to the transmission node; wherein at the burst transmission mode the transmission node divides data by applying the transmission profile sent from the reception node and sends the divided data to the reception node, the burst transmission is performed in such a way that the data are divided into multiple fragmentation packets according to a size of a packet transmission unit of a physical layer and the multiple fragmentation packets are consecutively transmitted without an acknowlegement message from the reception node, the transmission node and the reception node perform power management according to a duty cycle in the power-saving operation mode, the adjacent node is set as a sleep mode according to the reservation of the communication channel resource, the transmission profile is selected by measuring a signal strength of the transmission node for massive data transmission, and the transmission profile is configured with a combination of a size of a physical layer transmission unit and an error correction code, which compensate for a Bit Error Rate (BER) to signal strength of the transmission node based on a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) criterion and guarantee a predetermined success rate of transmission.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: after (d), sending, by the reception node, a reception completion acknowlegement message to the transmission node, and switching, by the reception node, from the burst transmission mode to the power-saving operation node; and returning, by the transmission node, to the power-saving operation mode upon receiving the reception completion acknowlegement message.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the error correction code uses Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein (c) comprises: setting, by the adjacent node, a sleep mode using a time during which a communication channel resource is reserved; and returning to the power-saving operation mode when the time during which the communication channel resource is reserved lapses.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein a header of a last fragmentation packet of the multiple fragmentation packets includes information that indicates the end of transmission.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless sensor network is a wireless ad-hoc sensor network.
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CN111479194A (en) * 2019-01-23 2020-07-31 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 Method for controlling audio playing device and related control circuit

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KR102502926B1 (en) 2021-03-29 2023-02-23 숭실대학교 산학협력단 Method for data communication using forward error correction in solar powered wireless sensor networks, recording medium and device for performing the method

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US20110205943A1 (en) * 2010-02-25 2011-08-25 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Opportunistic data transfer between vehicles

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US6262994B1 (en) * 1996-12-11 2001-07-17 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Arrangement for the optimization of the data transmission via a bi-directional radio channel
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111479194A (en) * 2019-01-23 2020-07-31 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 Method for controlling audio playing device and related control circuit
CN111479194B (en) * 2019-01-23 2022-02-15 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 Method for controlling audio playing device and related control circuit

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