GB2451138A - Battery cell charge balancing system - Google Patents
Battery cell charge balancing system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2451138A GB2451138A GB0714242A GB0714242A GB2451138A GB 2451138 A GB2451138 A GB 2451138A GB 0714242 A GB0714242 A GB 0714242A GB 0714242 A GB0714242 A GB 0714242A GB 2451138 A GB2451138 A GB 2451138A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- storage element
- charge storage
- charge
- voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 111
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A system for balancing charge between cells in a battery uses switches to connect a capacitor across a cell and then to connect the capacitor to a control circuit that measures the charge in the cell. This sequence is repeated for each cell until the charge in each cell has been measured. A high-voltage cell and a low-voltage cell are therefore be determined, and charge is transferred from the high-voltage cell to the low voltage cell using the capacitor. An inductor may be provided in series with the capacitor to allow more efficient charging and discharging of the cells. In this way a substantially uniform change on each cell can be maintained.
Description
BATTERY MANAGEMENT
This invention relates to battery management, and in particular to a method and apparatus for equalising the charge on a plurality of series connected cells forming a battery.
Series strings of storage cells are extensively used in many applications; for example PDA's, laptops, standby power supplies, wind, wave or solar generating systems, and electric vehicles. Inbalances in the charges of these cells tend to occur and grow over time, as the string is charged and discharged. This reduces the efficiency of the charging and discharging process and also limits the life of the battery. It is therefore very important to ensure the uniformity of charge for all cells in a battery string, which is a major part of what is now known as managing' the battery..
Prior art attempts to do this have included providing means for measuring the voltage of each cell, and then switching a resistor across those with a higher charge in order to discharge them to the level of the cell with the lowest charge.
However this system causes a wasteful loss of energy and also produces heat, which is undesirable in a battery container.
Alternative arrangements use DC to DC converters connected such that energy can be transferred between cells. However these arrangements require isolating windings, and expensive and bulky components.
Accordingly there is a need for a battery management system that is small and efficient.
According to the present invention there is provided an apparatus for regulating the output voltages of at least two cells connected in series, the apparatus comprising a charge storage element connectable across each cell, and a control circuit having an input connectable across the charge storage element, wherein the control circuit is arranged to: for each cell, connect the charge storage element across the cell, disconnect the charge storage element from the cell, and connect the charge storage element to the control circuit input to measure the voltage of the cell; compare the measured voltages of each cell, determine a high voltage cell having a voltage higher than at least one other cell, and determine a low voltage cell having a voltage lower than at least one other cell; and connect the charge storage element across the high voltage cell thereby to discharge the high voltage cell, disconnect the charge storage element from the high voltage cell, and connect the charge storage element across the lOW voltage veil thereby to charge the low voltage cell. The process may be repeated a number of times with a small amount of energy transferred during each complete operation.
Thus the invention may discharge a cell with a higher voltage, store the charge in the charge storage element, and use this to charge a cell with a lower voltage, in order to equalise the charges on the cells. This is done using a single charge storage element or capacitor and is thus less bulky and expensive than
prior art arrangements.
The apparatus has the advantage of being relatively small. Also, the switches operate at substantially zero current, which mitigates switching losses, and allows high frequency switching.
The apparatus may also be adapted for use with a further parallel string of cells, by the use of a further set of switches.
Preferably the apparatus also comprises an inductor connectable between one terminal of each cell arid the charge storage element. The control circuit may be arranged to connect the charge storage element to the high voltage cell via the inductor for an on' period substantially proportional to the resonant frequency of the LC circuit (for example equal to approximately one half of the resonant frequency), and then to reverse the connections across the high voltage cell for a further on' period. This "ringing" action may be repeated to increase the charge in the charge storage element as required. This enables the charge storage element to be charged to a higher level and reduces the energy loss occurring as a result of the operation. Furthermore, the control circuit may similarly be arranged to connect the charge storage element across the low voltage cell via the inductor for snch an "on" period, and then to revcrsc the connection across the low voltage cell for a further "on" period. This assists in discharging the capacitor fully.
The present invention also provides an apparatus for regulating the output voltage of at least two cells connected in series, the apparatus comprising: a charge storage element; a set of first cell switches for coupling a first terminal of each cell respectively to a first plate of the storage element; a set of second cell switches for coupling a second terminal of each cell respectively to a second plate of the storage element; and a pair of level shifting switches for coupling the first and second plates of the storage element respectively to a control circuit; the control circuit being arranged to operate each of the switches. The apparatus preferably comprises an inductor connectable by means of an inductor switch between the first set of cell switches and the first plate of the storage element.
The invention also comprises a method for regulating the output voltage of at least two cells connected in series, comprising (a) connecting a charge storage element across a first cell in the string; (b) isolating the charge storage element from the cell and then connecting the charge storage element to a control circuit; (c) measuring the voltage across on the charge storage element with the control circuit; (d) repeating steps (a)-(c) for the remaining cells of the string in turn; (e) comparing the voltages so as to identify a high voltage cell, which has a higher charge than at least one other cell; (f) connecting the high voltage cell across the charge storage element to charge the charge storage element; (g) determining a low voltage cell having a lower charge than at least one other cell; and (h) connecting the charge storage element across the low voltage cell to charge that cell.
The method preferably also comprises, between steps (c) and (f: coupling an inductor to one plate of the charge storage element, connecting the cell in step (f) for an "on" period substantially proportional to the resonant frequency of the LC circuit, and then reversing the connection across the cell for a further "on" period further to charge the charge storage element.
The method may also comprise, between steps (g) and (h): coupling an inductor to one plate of the charge storage element, connecting the cell in step (h) for an "on" period as defined above, and then reversing the connection across the cell for a further "on" period.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: -Figure 1 isa circuit diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a switching circuit suitable for use in the apparatus of Figure 1.
A battery comprises a string of cells 2, including adjacent cells labeled n+l, n, and n-I. For clarity, only the switches required to describe the functions in relation to the cell n are shown in the diagram. These include a first cell switch 4 for coupling the positive side of the cell n to a first or upper plate 12 of a charge storage element in the form of a capacitor 14. A further first cell switch 6 is provided for coupling the positive side of the adjacent cell n-I to the upper plate 12 of a capacitor 14. Further first cell switches will be required for connecting the positive sides of the remaining cells in the string to the upper plate 12 of the capacitor.
A second cell switch 8 is arranged to couple the negative side of the cell n to the second or lower plate 16 of the capacitor 14. A further second cell switch is arranged to couple the negative end of the adjacent cell n+1 to the lower plate 16 of the capacitor 14. Further second cell switches will be required for the remaining cell of the string. Thus it will be understood that two switches are provided for each inter-cell node; one first cell switch and one second cell switch corresponding to the adjacent cells.
The switches may conveniently be switching circuits, for example as shown in Figure 2. These circuits comprise two N channel mosfet devices connected such that they have common gate and source connections, as will be described later.
It can be seen that each of the cell switches is connected to a control circuit 18 (as shown by broken lines), for operating the switches. The circuit also comprises an inductor 20 which is connectable between the first cell switches 4, 6 and the upper plate 12 of the capacitor 14 via an inductor switch 22. Finally, a pair of level shifting switches 24, 26 are operable by the control circuit 18 to couple the upper and lower plates 12, 16 of the capacitor 14 respectively to the control circuit 18.
The operation of the apparatus for battery management will now be described. The circuit is first used as a multiplexer to measure the voltage across each cell. This is done by connecting the capacitor 14 across a first cell n in the string using the respective first and second cell switches 4, 8, with the inductor switch 22 closed to short circuit the inductor 20. After the cell switches 4, 8 have been closed for a sufficiently long time period, the capacitor 14 will charge through the on resistance of the switches to a voltage substantially the same as the voltage of the cell n. The first and second switches 4, 8 are then opened, with the charge remaining in the capacitor 14.
The level shifting switches 24, 26 are then closed such that the voltage on the capacitor 14 is presented to an input of the control circuit 18. This may for example be a microprocessor analogue to digital converter input. The voltage of the cell n is thus measured by the control circuit 18. This process is repeated for each of the remaining cells in the string in turn.
It will be appreciated that the apparatus acts as a multiple input/single output system, or multiplexer, which traps and then level shifts the voltage of any cell in the string, such that a low voltage control circuit can read the voltage level on the cell. High string voltages are blocked from the control circuit by the alternate switching action of the level shifting switches 24, 26 and the first and second cell switches e.g. 4, 8.
After the voltages across each cell have been ascertained by the control circuit, it is possible to compare them and identify a cell which has a lower voltage than other cells in the string. The inductor 20 is then connected between the first switches 4, 6 and the top plate 12 of the capacitor 14 by opening the inductor switch 22. The capacitor 14 will be charged with a residual voltage following its use in the multiplexing mode.
If for example it has been determined that a particular cell (e.g. n) has a higher voltage than at least one other cell (e.g. adjacent cell n-I), then the high voltage cell n is connected across the capacitor 14 using the respective first and second cell switches 4, 8 via the inductor 20. Conventional current will thus start to flow in the inductor 20 and consequently the capacitor charge will increase.
The cell switches 4,8 are closed for an "on" period substantially proportional to the resonant frequency of the LC circuit. For example, the "on" period may be approximately one half of the resonant frequency. At the end of the "on" period, the inductor current will have fallen back to zero and the capacitor will be charged to approximately twice the difference between the residual voltage and the voltage across the high voltage cell n.
The connections are then reversed by connecting the positive terminal of the high voltage cell n to the lower plate 16 of the capacitor using the respective second cell switch 10, and connecting the negative terminal of the high voltage cell n to the top plate 12 of the capacitor using the respective first cell switch 6.
The switches are closed for a further "on" period as defined above to charge the capacitor further. This so-called "ringing" action is used to remove energy from the cell n and store it in the capacitor 14.
The charge stored on the capacitor 14 may then be used to charge the adjacent low voltage cell n-i. This is done by closing the first and second cell switches 6, 28 across the cell n-i for an "on" period substantially proportional to the resonant frequency of the LC circuit. (with the other cell switches open).
Because the voltage of the capacitor 14 is greater than the voltage of the low voltage cell n-i, current will flow from the capacitor via the inductor into the low voltage cell n-i. Due to the nature of the LC circuit some energy will be remain in the capacitor but with reversed voltage polarity. This energy can be transferred to the cell n-l by reversing the connection of the cell n-i, and by closing the second switch 8 and a further first switch (not shown) to connect the negative side of the cell n-I to the top plate of the capacitor 14 (via the inductor 20). This is done for a further "on" period substantially proportional to the resonant frequency of the LC circuit.The above sequence of switch operation is repeated until little energy is left stored in the capacitor.
In this way the low voltage cell n-i is charged to a higher voltage, and the high voltage cell n is discharged, such that the voltages may be equalised. This process may be used for any cell or string of adjacent cells within the string 2.
The switches referred to above may comprise any suitable switching circuit. Referring now to Figure 2, one example of a switching circuit is shown which is suitable for use as any of the first or second cell switches, inductor switch and level shifting switches of the circuit of Figure 1. The switching circuit may for example comprise two N channel mosfet devices 30, 32 which are connected such that they have a common gate 34 and a common source 36 connection. A resistor 38 is connected between the two common terminals 34, 36, and a Zener diode is also connected in parallel with the resistor 38 between the common terminals 34, 36.
It can be seen that such a switching circuit will block current flow in both directions in the off state, whilst conducting in both directions in the on state. In the on state, it is predominately a resistance. Thus the circuit displays the main characteristics of a switch required for use in the multiplexing circuit.
The control circuit may be arranged to carry out this measuring and equalising process frequently, so as to maintain a relatively constant uniform charge on the cells.
Claims (10)
- I. Apparatus for regulating the output voltages of at least two cells connected in series, the apparatus comprising a charge storage element connectable across each cell, and a control circuit having an input connectable across the charge storage element, wherein the control circuit is arranged to: for each cell, connect the charge storage element across the cell, disconnect the charge storage element from the cell, and connect the charge storage element to the control circuit input to measure the voltage of the cell; compare the measured voltages of each cell, determine a high voltage cell having a voltage higher than at least one other cell, and determine a low voltage cell having a voltage lower than at least one other cell; and connect the charge storage element across the high voltage cell thereby to discharge the high voltage cell, disconnect the charge storage element from the high voltage cell, and connect the charge storage element across the low voltage cell thereby to charge the low voltage cell.
- 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, comprising an inductor connectable between one terminal of each cell and the charge storage element.
- 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, in which the control circuit is arranged to connect the charge storage element to the high voltage cell via the inductor for an "on" period substantially proportional to the resonant frequency of the LC circuit and then to reverse the connections across the high voltage cell for a further "on" period.
- 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, in which the "on" period is equal to approximately one half of the resonant frequency of the LC circuit.
- Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, in which the control circuit is arranged to connect the charge storage element across the low voltage cell via the inductor for an "on" period, and then to reverse the connection across the low voltage cell for a further "on" period.
- 6. An apparatus for regulating the output voltage of at least two cells connected in series, the apparatus comprising: a charge storage element; a set of first cell switches for coupling a first terminal of each cell respectively to a first plate of the charge storage element; a set of second cell switches for coupling a second terminal of each cell respectively to a second plate of the charge storage element; and a pair of level shifting switches for coupling the first and second plates of the charge storage element respectively to a control circuit; the control circuit being arranged to operate each of the switches.
- 7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 6, comprising an inductor connectable by means of an inductor switch between the first set of cell switches and the first plate of the charge storage element.
- 8. A method for regulating the output voltage of at least two cells connected in series, comprising (a) connecting a charge storage element across a first cell in the string; (b) isolating the charge storage element from the cell and then connecting the charge storage element to a control circuit; (c) measuring the voltage across on the storage element with the control circuit; (d) repeating steps (a)-(c) for the remaining cells of the string in turn; (e) comparing the voltages so as to identify a high voltage cell, which has a higher charge than at least one other cell; (f) connecting the high voltage cell across the charge storage element to charge the charge storage element; (g) determining a low voltage cell having a lower charge than at least one other cell; and (h) connecting the charge storage element across the low voltage cell to charge that cell.
- 9. A method as claimed in claim 8, comprising, between steps (e) and (I): coupling an inductor to one plate of the charge storage element, connecting the cell in step (1) for an "on" period substantially proportional to the resonant frequency of the LC circuit, and then reversing the connection across the cell for a further "on" period further to charge the charge storage element.
- 10. A method as claimed in claim 9, comprising, between steps (g) and (h): coupling an inductor to one plate of the charge storage element, connecting the cell in step (h) for an "on" period as shown, and then reversing the connection across the cell for a further "on" period.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0714242A GB2451138A (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2007-07-20 | Battery cell charge balancing system |
| PCT/GB2008/002447 WO2009013464A1 (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2008-07-17 | Battery management |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0714242A GB2451138A (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2007-07-20 | Battery cell charge balancing system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0714242D0 GB0714242D0 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
| GB2451138A true GB2451138A (en) | 2009-01-21 |
Family
ID=38476743
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0714242A Withdrawn GB2451138A (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2007-07-20 | Battery cell charge balancing system |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2451138A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009013464A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2161810A1 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-10 | O2 Micro, Inc. | Cell balancing system comprising a transformer |
| EP2228883A2 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2010-09-15 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Battery charge balancing apparatus |
| CN102244477A (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2011-11-16 | 西南交通大学 | Multi-level converter with DC (direct current) capacitor assisted voltage-sharing circuit |
| EP2385605A3 (en) * | 2010-05-03 | 2015-03-18 | Infineon Technologies AG | Active charge balancing circuit |
| EP2610998A4 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2015-07-29 | Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corp | Circuit for balance-charging serial storage cells and method for balance-charging serial storage cells |
| CN105207476A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-12-30 | 西安交通大学 | High-voltage direct current transformer based on capacitive voltage dividing structure and control method thereof |
| CN107482943A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-12-15 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | A Voltage Equalizing Circuit for DC Capacitor Bank of Multilevel Converter |
| GB2565334A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-02-13 | Grey Orange Pte Ltd | System and method for balancing state of charge of battery |
| GB2565838A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-02-27 | Ge Aviat Systems Ltd | Battery pack balancing system |
| DE102020204400A1 (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2021-10-07 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Transfer device, method for operating a transfer device and vehicle |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101076786B1 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2011-10-25 | 한국과학기술원 | Charge Equalization Apparatus for Series-Connected Battery String and Charge Equalization Method Thereof |
| CN102074748A (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2011-05-25 | 登丰微电子股份有限公司 | Battery voltage balancing device and battery charging device |
| WO2012143396A1 (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-26 | 4Esys | A system and method for balancing energy storage devices |
| JP2015065795A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-09 | ソニー株式会社 | Power storage, power storage controller and power storage control method |
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| EP0432640A2 (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1991-06-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Monitoring device for accumulators |
| US6624612B1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-09-23 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | System and method to facilitate voltage balancing in a multi-cell battery |
| WO2004049540A2 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-06-10 | Tiax Llc | Cell balancing system for equalizing state of charge among series-connected electrical energy storage units |
| US20060214636A1 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-28 | Yazaki Corporation | Method and apparatus for equalizing secondary cells |
| WO2006108081A2 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2006-10-12 | Energycs | Multiplexer and switch-based electrochemical cell monitor and management system and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| FR2724501A1 (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-03-15 | Ray O Vac Corp | LOAD EQUALIZER APPARATUS FOR BATTERIES CONNECTED IN SERIES |
| US5646534A (en) * | 1995-01-06 | 1997-07-08 | Chrysler Corporation | Battery monitor for electric vehicles |
| JP3099181B2 (en) * | 1996-09-10 | 2000-10-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Battery voltage control device |
| JP3746886B2 (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2006-02-15 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | Power storage device |
| TW472426B (en) * | 1998-10-06 | 2002-01-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Battery apparatus and control system therefor |
| JP2001178008A (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-06-29 | Nec Corp | Cell balance adjusting method and circuit thereof, irregular cell voltage detecting circuit, and method therefor |
| TWI228340B (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-02-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Voltage balance circuit for rechargeable batteries |
| US20070001651A1 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2007-01-04 | Harvey Troy A | Distributed networks of electric double layer capacitor supervisory controllers and networks thereof |
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-
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- 2008-07-17 WO PCT/GB2008/002447 patent/WO2009013464A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP0432640A2 (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1991-06-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Monitoring device for accumulators |
| US6624612B1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-09-23 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | System and method to facilitate voltage balancing in a multi-cell battery |
| WO2004049540A2 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-06-10 | Tiax Llc | Cell balancing system for equalizing state of charge among series-connected electrical energy storage units |
| US20060214636A1 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-28 | Yazaki Corporation | Method and apparatus for equalizing secondary cells |
| WO2006108081A2 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2006-10-12 | Energycs | Multiplexer and switch-based electrochemical cell monitor and management system and method |
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2161810A1 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-10 | O2 Micro, Inc. | Cell balancing system comprising a transformer |
| EP2228883A2 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2010-09-15 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Battery charge balancing apparatus |
| EP2228883A3 (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2010-11-24 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Battery charge balancing apparatus |
| JP2012105539A (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2012-05-31 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Power supplying apparatus |
| US8536833B2 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2013-09-17 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Power supplying apparatus |
| EP2385605A3 (en) * | 2010-05-03 | 2015-03-18 | Infineon Technologies AG | Active charge balancing circuit |
| EP2610998A4 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2015-07-29 | Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corp | Circuit for balance-charging serial storage cells and method for balance-charging serial storage cells |
| CN102244477A (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2011-11-16 | 西南交通大学 | Multi-level converter with DC (direct current) capacitor assisted voltage-sharing circuit |
| CN105207476A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-12-30 | 西安交通大学 | High-voltage direct current transformer based on capacitive voltage dividing structure and control method thereof |
| CN105207476B (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2019-10-11 | 西安交通大学 | A high-voltage DC transformer based on a capacitor voltage divider structure and its control method |
| CN107482943A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-12-15 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | A Voltage Equalizing Circuit for DC Capacitor Bank of Multilevel Converter |
| CN107482943B (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-07-30 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | A kind of equalizer circuit of multi-level converter DC capacitor group |
| GB2565334A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-02-13 | Grey Orange Pte Ltd | System and method for balancing state of charge of battery |
| GB2565334B (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2020-04-29 | Grey Orange Pte Ltd | System and method for balancing state of charge of battery |
| US11336100B2 (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2022-05-17 | Grey Orange Pte, Ltd. | System and method for balancing state of charge of battery |
| GB2565838A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-02-27 | Ge Aviat Systems Ltd | Battery pack balancing system |
| GB2565838B (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2020-12-23 | Ge Aviat Systems Ltd | Battery pack balancing system |
| DE102020204400A1 (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2021-10-07 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Transfer device, method for operating a transfer device and vehicle |
| DE102020204400B4 (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2025-02-06 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Transfer device, method for operating a transfer device and vehicle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009013464A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
| GB0714242D0 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
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