GB2400902A - A pulse tube refrigerator - Google Patents
A pulse tube refrigerator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2400902A GB2400902A GB0406839A GB0406839A GB2400902A GB 2400902 A GB2400902 A GB 2400902A GB 0406839 A GB0406839 A GB 0406839A GB 0406839 A GB0406839 A GB 0406839A GB 2400902 A GB2400902 A GB 2400902A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pulse tube
- foam
- tube refrigerator
- copper
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CUQNSZSCQRIWQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper holmium Chemical compound [Cu].[Ho] CUQNSZSCQRIWQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- KIPOFIHPOLEEOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Er] KIPOFIHPOLEEOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002251 gadolinium compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 GdAIO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D17/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
- F28D17/02—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles using rigid bodies, e.g. of porous material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/003—Gas cycle refrigeration machines characterised by construction or composition of the regenerator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1412—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by heat exchanger details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1415—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by regenerator details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1418—Pulse-tube cycles with valves in gas supply and return lines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
A pulse tube refrigerator 1 has one or more stages 7,10, and each stage has a pulse tube 5,8 and a regenerative heat exchanger 6,9. The heat exchanger has a foam matrix material 13,14, which maybe metal or ceramic. The metallic foam matrix may be one of copper, copper bronze, stainless steel, lead, erbium nickel or holmium copper, and the ceramic foam matrix may include aluminium oxide or gadolinium compounds. The foam may have porosity of between 75% and 95%, or between 25% and 40%. The pulse tube refrigerator may also include at least one of warm end and cold end, and these ends may include recuperative heat exchangers 11,12, also comprising a foam material. The refrigerant used may be helium gas.
Description
PULSE TUBE REFRIGERATOR
This invention relates to a pulse tube refrigerator (PTR).
For the purpose of this application, a regenerative heat exchanger is one in which a fluid flows through a material which stores heat and when the same fluid flows through the material subsequently, then the stored heat is given up from the material to the fluid flow.
In operation of a pulse tube refrigerator, this occurs periodically. By contrast, a recuperative heat exchanger is one in which at least two different fluids are provided which may flow simultaneously and in particular do not flow through the same material.
A recuperative heat exchanger is not suitable for use in a pulse tube refrigerator because only a single gas component (e.g. He, Ne, or other gases) is used when operating the PTR, although recuperative heat exchangers are commonly used at the warm end and cold end of the pulse tubes of the PTR where they provide additional cooling, for example, a water cooled heat exchanger.
Another common use of the term regenerative relates to situations in which the material within the heat exchanger can be regenerated for further use if it becomes saturated. However, this type of material is also not appropriate for use in a pulse tube refrigerator because the PTR operates with a clean gas, so the matrix does not become saturated by other components, nor does the efficiency of the regenerator become reduced.
Pulse tube refrigerators (PTR) use regenerative heat exchangers to increase or decrease the temperature of a cryogenic liquid, typically Helium gas. Regenerator effectiveness is critical to performance of the PTR during the PTR operation. A matrix is provided in the regenerator through which Helium gas flows to lose or gain heat. The gas travels in a first flow direction through the regenerator matrix and in the process it gives off heat and thereby experiences a decrease in temperature. The specific heat capacity of the matrix material enables the heat extracted from the Helium to be stored in the matrix material and subsequently, when the gas travels back through the matrix in the reverse direction, it takes stored heat from the matrix and so experiences a temperature rise. To achieve high effectiveness, the regenerator matrix material has to satisfy stringent thermal performance requirements. These requirements are that the regenerator matrix materials have a high heat capacity compared to the gas heat capacity; that there is at least a minimum pressure drop, so requiring a high porosity; and that there is a high heat transfer area, usually achieved by means of a divided matrix in the form of mesh.
Conventionally, a metal mesh is used as the matrix material for a single stage regenerator operating between 300K and 25K or for the first stage of a two stage regenerator for a I OK or 4K PTR. Typically, the metal used to make the mesh is copper, stainless steel or phosphor bronze. However, fabrication of the meshes is a major task which involves making a die, punching and stacking the meshes manually in the regenerator tube and then aligning the meshes in the tube. The cost and time involved in this is quite high.
A second stage regenerator of a I OK PTR uses Pb as the regenerator matrix material and a 4K PTR typically uses Pb, ErNi, HCu2, or Gadolinium based compounds, depending upon the desired temperature of operation, as regenerator matrix materials, but these materials cannot be made up into a mesh, so they are used in the form of spherical balls instead. The use of spherical balls means that the porosity of the resulting matrix is only of the order of 25% to 35 %. A problem with this is that all the spherical balls must have the same diameter and must be packed in a particular way to achieve the desired porosity. As the ball diameter can vary about the nominal diameter and the packing may not be optimum, then it is not possible to guarantee that the desired porosity is actually achieved. This can have a drastic effect on performance.
In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, a pulse tube refrigerator comprises one or more stages, wherein each stage comprises a pulse tube and a regenerative heat exchanger, the heat exchanger comprising a foam matrix material.
The present invention makes use of a foam matrix material to replace the mesh in the first stage regenerator of the PTR, thereby simplifying regenerator assembly and reducing costs and uses a foam matrix material to replace the spherical balls in the second stage regenerator, so improving the porosity. This latter means that any porosity can be chosen and it can be accurately controlled so improving performance of the PTR.
Preferably, the foam is of metal or ceramics. For the first stage of a 1 OK PTR, the foam is generally a metal foam. For the second stage, it may be a metal foam, or a foam based on ceramic compounds, or a combination of metal and ceramic compounds. For a PTR working at 4K and below, preferably, for the second stage regenerator, the ceramic compounds include Al2O3, GdAIO, aluminium nitride AIN-type ceramics, or further Gadolinium based compounds.
More preferably, the foam is one of copper, copper bronze, stainless steel, lead, erbium nickel or holmium copper foam.
The selection of the material type and quantity required in the regenerator stages of a PTR depends upon the targeted stage temperatures for any particular application. These materials are known to have suitable heat capacity properties, although other materials with similar properties could be used.
Porosity of the foam can be adapted as required for the particular application, for example for the first stage, preferably, the foam has a porosity in the range 75% to 95% and for the second stage, preferably, the foam has a porosity in the range 25% to 40%.
Preferably, the pulse tube refrigerator further comprises at least one of warm end and cold end recuperative heat exchangers, wherein the recuperative heat exchangers comprise a foam matrix material.
Typically, the foam matrix material for the recuperative heat exchangers comprises copper, copper bronze or other copper alloy type foam.
Typically, the regenerative heat exchanger operates in a temperature range of 2K to lOK.
An example of a pulse tube refrigerator in accordance with the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure I illustrates a two stage pulse tube rcirigerator in accordance with the present invention, each stage incorporating a regenerative heat exchanger; and, Figure 2 shows the construction of the regenerative heat exchanger in one stage of Fig. 1 in more detail.
Fig. 1 shows a PTR system configuration 1 according to the present invention incorporating a regenerative heat exchanger (regenerator). Refrigerant gas, typically Helium, is supplied from a compressor through a valve system 3 which distributes the gas into a cold head comprising a high (room) temperature end 4, a first pulse tube 5 and first regenerator 6 connected between the high temperature end 4 and a first stage 7, and a second pulse tube 8 and a second regenerator 9 connected between the high temperature end 4 and a second stage 10. Each pulse tube 5, 8 is hollow and used for expansion and compression ofthe gas. Warm end l l and cold end 12 recuperative heat exchangers are provided at respective ends of each pulse tube 5, 8. Typically, these heat exchangers 11, 12 are made of metal meshes which are vacuum brazed or press fit into a copper casing across which heat transfer takes place. However, in a pulse tube refrigerator in accordance with the invention, these heat exchangers may also be provided with metal foams instead, giving further benefits in terms of manufacture and operation. Cias flow in the cold head is ac flow, in that it flows in and out through the same flow passages. Operation of the PTR produces cooling of the stages, in this case the first 7 and second 10 for a two stage refrigerator. The gas supply then returns to the compressor 1.
Each regenerator 6, 9 is filled with a foam 13, 14 which acts as a heat buffer to enable exchange of heat with the Helium gas of the PTR. The type of foam depends upon the temperature range of operation of the regenerator. In the first stage regenerator 6, in which conventionally the matrix is made from a metal mesh, copper or stainless steel foams are suitable for use as regenerator matrix materials, as the heat capacity of both materials is acceptable in the temperature range of 300-30 K. Furthermore, the porosity of a conventional metal mesh has a maximum of 75%, whereas the porosity of foam can be increased up to 95 % and this will help in reducing the pressure drop of Helium gas which is quite critical from the PTR performance point of view In the second stage regenerator 9, lead foam matrix material may be used for a 10K PTR, or a foam of compounds of ErNi for a 4K PTR. In the second stage the improvement in porosity using foams of materials with the same heat capacity as in a conventional regenerator matrix, is even more significant, increasing from the 25 % to 35% porosity achieved with spherical balls.
Fig. 2 shows one of the regenerators of Fig. 1 in more detail. The regenerator 6 comprises a stainless steel tube 15 and a matrix, in the form of a metal foam cylinder 16, inserted into the tube to replace the conventional metal mesh. In conventional regenerative heat exchangers for a PTR, it may be necessary to produce as many as 1500 pieces of mesh of a chosen porosity and form the matrix from these, whereas using a foam matrix material has the advantage that the regenerator matrix material can be manufactured in the finished cylindrical form and put into the regenerator tube directly, or brazed if necessary, so signif cantly reducing the time and cost of manufacturing. The present invention makes use of the properties that foams are very light materials, with a high mechanical strength. They are able to operate at the extremely low temperatures required for PTR's, which had previously been considered impractical due to the dramatic changes in the basic material properties expected at the operating temperatures of the high pressure Helium gas flowing through the matrix. Foams have got high porosity and high heat transfer area per unit volume, so they are advantageous both from functional as well as fabrication point of view.
Claims (8)
1. A pulse tube refrigerator comprising one or more stages, wherein each stage comprises a pulse tube and a regenerative heat exchanger, the heat exchanger comprising a foam matrix material.
2. A pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the foam comprises metal or ceramics.
l O
3. A pulse tube refrigerator according to claim I or claim 2, wherein the foam comprises one of copper, copper bronze, stainless steel, lead, erbium nickel or holmium copper foam.
4. A pulse tube refrigerator according to claim I or claim 2, the foam comprising a metal foam including ceramic compounds, wherein the ceramic compounds include Al203, GdA10,, MN-type ceramics, or further Gadolinium based compounds.
5. A pulse tube refrigerator according to any preceding claim, wherein the foam has a porosity in the range 75% to 95%.
6. A pulse tube refrigerator according to any preceding claim, further comprising at least one of warm end and cold end recuperative heat exchangers, wherein the recuperative heat exchangers comprise a foam matrix material.
7. A pulse tube refrigerator according to any preceding claim, wherein the regenerative heat exchanger operates in a temperature range of 2K to l OK.
8. A pulse tube refrigerator as hereinbcfore described with reference to the accompany drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0309191.5A GB0309191D0 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2003-04-24 | Regenerative heat exchanger |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0406839D0 GB0406839D0 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
| GB2400902A true GB2400902A (en) | 2004-10-27 |
| GB2400902B GB2400902B (en) | 2005-09-21 |
Family
ID=9957145
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0309191.5A Ceased GB0309191D0 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2003-04-24 | Regenerative heat exchanger |
| GB0406839A Expired - Fee Related GB2400902B (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-03-26 | Pulse tube refrigerator |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0309191.5A Ceased GB0309191D0 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2003-04-24 | Regenerative heat exchanger |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050005613A1 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB0309191D0 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2408381A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-06-20 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic) | REGENERATION MEDIUM SUITABLE FOR USE IN HEAT EXCHANGERS AND PROCEDURE ASSOCIATED WITH THIS ENVIRONMENT. |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008057924A (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-13 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Cold storage type refrigerator, its cylinder, cryopump, recondensing device, superconductive magnet device and semiconductor detector |
| JP4668238B2 (en) * | 2007-05-08 | 2011-04-13 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | Cold storage refrigerator and pulse tube refrigerator |
| DE102016220368A1 (en) | 2016-10-18 | 2018-04-19 | Leybold Gmbh | Coated heat regenerating material for use at very low temperatures |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5673561A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1997-10-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Thermoacoustic refrigerator |
| US6314740B1 (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 2001-11-13 | Cornelis Maria De Blok | Thermo-acoustic system |
| WO2002042707A1 (en) * | 2000-11-27 | 2002-05-30 | Stork Prints B.V. | Heat exchanger |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4077853A (en) * | 1975-03-25 | 1978-03-07 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Method of metallizing materials |
| US5332029A (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1994-07-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Regenerator |
| AU6235094A (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1994-08-29 | Ohio University | Microminiature stirling cycle cryocoolers and engines |
| US5465702A (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-11-14 | Ferrenberg; Allan J. | Regenerated engine with improved heating and cooling strokes |
| US6003320A (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1999-12-21 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Cold accumulating material for extremely low temperature cold, refrigerator using the same and heat shielding member |
| US6591609B2 (en) * | 1997-07-15 | 2003-07-15 | New Power Concepts Llc | Regenerator for a Stirling Engine |
| JP4672160B2 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2011-04-20 | 株式会社東芝 | Regenerator and regenerative refrigerator using the regenerator |
-
2003
- 2003-04-24 GB GBGB0309191.5A patent/GB0309191D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-03-26 GB GB0406839A patent/GB2400902B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-23 US US10/830,481 patent/US20050005613A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5673561A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1997-10-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Thermoacoustic refrigerator |
| US6314740B1 (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 2001-11-13 | Cornelis Maria De Blok | Thermo-acoustic system |
| WO2002042707A1 (en) * | 2000-11-27 | 2002-05-30 | Stork Prints B.V. | Heat exchanger |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2408381A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-06-20 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic) | REGENERATION MEDIUM SUITABLE FOR USE IN HEAT EXCHANGERS AND PROCEDURE ASSOCIATED WITH THIS ENVIRONMENT. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0309191D0 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
| US20050005613A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
| GB0406839D0 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
| GB2400902B (en) | 2005-09-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) |
Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20090423 AND 20090429 |
|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20100326 |