GB2397765A - A hip resurfacing device - Google Patents
A hip resurfacing device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2397765A GB2397765A GB0301898A GB0301898A GB2397765A GB 2397765 A GB2397765 A GB 2397765A GB 0301898 A GB0301898 A GB 0301898A GB 0301898 A GB0301898 A GB 0301898A GB 2397765 A GB2397765 A GB 2397765A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cap
- articulating surfaces
- cup
- ceramic material
- coated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 210000001624 hip Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 210000000588 acetabulum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004394 hip joint Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000003076 Osteolysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CODVACFVSVNQPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[C] Chemical compound [Co].[C] CODVACFVSVNQPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029791 lytic metastatic bone lesion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
- A61F2/3601—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses for replacing only the epiphyseal or metaphyseal parts of the femur, e.g. endoprosthetic femoral heads or necks directly fixed to the natural femur by internal fixation devices
- A61F2/3603—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses for replacing only the epiphyseal or metaphyseal parts of the femur, e.g. endoprosthetic femoral heads or necks directly fixed to the natural femur by internal fixation devices implanted without ablation of the whole natural femoral head
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
- A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
- A61F2002/30107—Properties of materials and coating materials using materials or accessories for preventing galvanic or electrolytic corrosion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2002/30934—Special articulating surfaces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools for implanting artificial joints
- A61F2002/4631—Special tools for implanting artificial joints the prosthesis being specially adapted for being cemented
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0009—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using materials or accessories for preventing galvanic or electrolytic corrosion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
- A61F2310/00029—Cobalt-based alloys, e.g. Co-Cr alloys or Vitallium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
- A61F2310/00592—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
- A61F2310/00592—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
- A61F2310/00598—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of compounds based on metal oxides or hydroxides
- A61F2310/00604—Coating made of aluminium oxide or hydroxides
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
A hip resurfacing device comprises a femoral cap and an acetabular cup having mutually co-operable articulating surfaces. The cap and the cup are formed of metal and at least one of the articulating surfaces is coated with ceramic material.
Description
1 2397765
A HIP RESURFACING DEVICE
This invention relates to a hip resurfacing device.
Devices for replacing the worn surfaces of hip joints are well known in the art. Such devices as they relate to hip joint surface replacement comprise a metal cap to cover the femoral head, which cap may or may not have been machined to accept the inner surface of the prosthesis, and an acetabular cup which is fitted to the acetabulum either with or without bone cement using techniques also known in the art.
These devices have been made from metal or ceramic material articulating with polyethylene, or metal articulating against metal. However, polyethylene components abrade and polyethylene debris, caused as a result of abrasion through articulation, is a major cause of osteolysis and resultant failure of the device. There is also concern over metal ion release from metal on metal articulating surfaces since the long term effects of this are unknown.
According to the present invention there is provided a hip resurfacing device comprising a femoral cap and an acetabular cup having mutually co operable articulating surfaces, the cap and the cup being formed of metal and at least one of the articulating surfaces being coated with ceramic material.
Preferred and/or optional features of the invention are set forth in claims 2 to 6, inclusive.
The ceramic coating significantly reduces the quantity of metal ions released.
One example of a hip resurfacing device according to the invention will now be more particularly described. The hip resurfacing device comprises a femoral cap, which covers the head of a femur, and an acetabular cup, which is fitted to the acetabulum either with or without bone cement using conventional techniques. The acetabular cup could be of the same or similar shape to that disclosed in GB 2333961 A. The cap has an outer, typically hemispherical or substantially hemispherical, articulating surface and the cup has an inner, typically hemispherical or substantially hemispherical, articulating surface which co- operates with the outer articulating surface of the cap.
The cap and the cup are formed of metal, preferably high carbon cobalt chrome-alloy, completely coated with ceramic material, typically alumina, between 5 and 500 micrometres thick, and more preferably between 25 and 250 micrometres thick. Also, preferably, the radial clearance between the articulating surfaces is 25 to 200 micrometres.
The ceramic coating significantly reduces the quantity of metal ions released into the body during use.
Although the cap and the cup are said to be completely coated in ceramic material, it is also envisaged that only the articulating surfaces, or indeed only one of the two articulating surfaces, be so coated.
Claims (5)
1. A hip resurfacing device comprising a femoral cap and an acetabular cup having mutually co-operable articulating surfaces, the cap and the cup being formed of metal and at least one of the articulating surfaces being coated with ceramic material.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the articulating surfaces of the cap and the cup are coated with ceramic material.
3. A device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the non-articulating surfaces of the cap and the cup are also coated with ceramic material.
4. A device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coating thickness is between 5 and 500 micrometres.
5. A hip resurfacing device substantially as hereinbefore described.
5. A device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the coating thickness is between and 250 micrometres.
6. A device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the radial clearance between the articulating surfaces is 25 to 200 micrometres.
7. A hip resurfacing device substantially as hereinbefore described. G.
Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows A hip resurfacing device comprising a femoral cap and an acetabular cup having mutually cooperable articulating surfaces, the cap and the cup being formed of metal and at least one of the articulating surfaces being coated with ceramic material' the coating thickness being between 25 and 250 micrometers.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the articulating surfaces of the cap and the cup are coated with ceramic material.
3. A device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the non-articulating surfaces of the cap and the cup are also coated with ceramic material.
4. A device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the radial clearance between the articulating surfaces is 25 to 200 micrometres.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0301898A GB2397765B (en) | 2003-01-28 | 2003-01-28 | A hip resurfacing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0301898A GB2397765B (en) | 2003-01-28 | 2003-01-28 | A hip resurfacing device |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB0301898D0 GB0301898D0 (en) | 2003-02-26 |
GB2397765A true GB2397765A (en) | 2004-08-04 |
GB2397765B GB2397765B (en) | 2004-12-15 |
Family
ID=9951924
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB0301898A Expired - Fee Related GB2397765B (en) | 2003-01-28 | 2003-01-28 | A hip resurfacing device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2397765B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1872745A3 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2010-10-06 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Femoral head resurfacing |
US8152855B2 (en) | 2006-11-03 | 2012-04-10 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Method and apparatus for hip femoral resurfacing tooling |
US8187660B2 (en) | 2006-01-05 | 2012-05-29 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Method for fabricating a medical implant component and such component |
US9713655B2 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2017-07-25 | Acuitive Technologies, Inc. | Joint replacement or joint resurfacing devices, systems and methods |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2126096A (en) * | 1934-03-07 | 1938-08-09 | Deguide Hubert | Polishing composition |
US3894297A (en) * | 1973-08-31 | 1975-07-15 | Oscobal Ag Chirurgische Instr | Hip joint prosthesis |
US4146936A (en) * | 1975-12-30 | 1979-04-03 | Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited | Implants for bones, joints and tooth roots |
GB2333961A (en) * | 1998-02-05 | 1999-08-11 | Corin Medical Ltd | Acetabular cup |
US6069084A (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 2000-05-30 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method of forming a low-k layer in an Integrated circuit |
GB2366733A (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-03-20 | Corin Ltd | A hip prosthesis |
-
2003
- 2003-01-28 GB GB0301898A patent/GB2397765B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2126096A (en) * | 1934-03-07 | 1938-08-09 | Deguide Hubert | Polishing composition |
US3894297A (en) * | 1973-08-31 | 1975-07-15 | Oscobal Ag Chirurgische Instr | Hip joint prosthesis |
US4146936A (en) * | 1975-12-30 | 1979-04-03 | Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited | Implants for bones, joints and tooth roots |
US6069084A (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 2000-05-30 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method of forming a low-k layer in an Integrated circuit |
GB2333961A (en) * | 1998-02-05 | 1999-08-11 | Corin Medical Ltd | Acetabular cup |
GB2366733A (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-03-20 | Corin Ltd | A hip prosthesis |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8187660B2 (en) | 2006-01-05 | 2012-05-29 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Method for fabricating a medical implant component and such component |
EP1872745A3 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2010-10-06 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Femoral head resurfacing |
US8152855B2 (en) | 2006-11-03 | 2012-04-10 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Method and apparatus for hip femoral resurfacing tooling |
US9713655B2 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2017-07-25 | Acuitive Technologies, Inc. | Joint replacement or joint resurfacing devices, systems and methods |
US10272177B2 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2019-04-30 | Acuitive Technologies, Inc. | Joint replacement or joint resurfacing devices, systems and methods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0301898D0 (en) | 2003-02-26 |
GB2397765B (en) | 2004-12-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20150128 |