GB2286051A - Determining the thickness of layers on a metal melt - Google Patents
Determining the thickness of layers on a metal melt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2286051A GB2286051A GB9426412A GB9426412A GB2286051A GB 2286051 A GB2286051 A GB 2286051A GB 9426412 A GB9426412 A GB 9426412A GB 9426412 A GB9426412 A GB 9426412A GB 2286051 A GB2286051 A GB 2286051A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- signal
- layer
- distance
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
- B22D2/003—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass for the level of the molten metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
- F27D21/02—Observation or illuminating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
- F27D21/0028—Devices for monitoring the level of the melt
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
Description
2286051 APPARATUS FOR DISCONTINUOUSLY DETERMINING THE THICKNESS OF LAYERS
ON A METAL MELT This invention relates to an apparatus for discontinuously determining the thickness of layers on a metal melt, with the use of a sensor arrangement which can be moved on to the layers. The latter can be connected to at least one evaluation device, and provides characteristic signals for each layer to be detected.
Apparatus of this type which are generally known are used in metal production. In particular, during various scavenging operations performed on a metal melt the non-metallic constituents contained therein collect at the melt surface as a result of the processing and form viscous or solid slag layers there which protect the melt from the effects of the atmosphere and from excessive heat losses.
Various apparatus are known for determining the thickness of the slag layer, on which the further processing stages of metal production depend:
An apparatus for determining the slag height in a metal melt is known from DE 36 41 987 Al, wherein a support constructed as a lance is utilised. The latter is provided with a hum detector which is connected to an antenna which detects the mains hum in the vicinity of the antenna. When the lance is immersed in the metal melt, the hum detector detects the air/slag interface, and an inductive sensor indicates when the a 2 interface between the slag and the metal melt has been reached. In order to determine the slag thickness from these measurements, the signals obtained in this manner must also be related to a continuous distance measurement. The requirement of coupling the apparatus to external distance measuring devices impairs the mobility of the apparatus, and in particular prevents measurements from being made with a manually operated lance.
An apparatus for determining the level of a slag interface in a metal melt is known from DE 38 32 763 Al. This apparatus is based on the principle of detecting a change in impedance via an impedance circuit, and is connected to an oscillator and to a measuring plunger or to a measuring plunger supply cable. The oscillator operates at a frequency which is different from that of the mains. Changes in impedance are detected by means of a synchronous detector. When the output signal of the synchronous detector exceeds that of a predetermined circuit associated with the corresponding interfaces, corresponding threshold value circuits generate a signal which indicates that the measuring plunger is situated at a defined distance from the corresponding interface. Here also the slag thickness can only be determined by relating the signals from the threshold value circuits to an additional, continuous distance measurement. In addition to the aforementioned disadvantage of mobility 4 1 3 impairment, this technique also necessitates that the rate of immersion is held constant with particular precision, since the quality of the change in impedance is strongly affected by distance and rate of immersion.
An apparatus constructed as a lance for determining slag thickness is known from JP-A-61212702. With this apparatus a lance tip is immersed in the metal melt with an electrode at the lance tip, whereupon the impedance between the electrode and the melting vessel changes in the air/slag and slag/metal melt transition regions. These changes in impedance are evaluated by threshold value circuits and again have to be related to a continuous distance measurement in order to determine the slag thickness from them.
A method of continuously determining the thickness of a liquid slag layer on the surface of a metal melt is known from EP 0421828 Al. In this method, the distance to the melt surface is continuously measured by a level sensor which is installed as a fixed component, wherein an isothermal block is held at a powder/liquid slag layer transition by means of a controlled tracking device. In this connection, the tracking device requires a distance measuring device which records the position of the isothermal block in order to determine the slag thickness from the difference in the results of the two measuring devices. The continuous individual measurement provided by this method is more time-consuming than a discontinuous 4 measurement and accelerates the wear on the isothermal block. In addition, an expensive travelling device is required, which comprises distance measurement and a controller for the isothermal block.
A disadvantage which is common to the known apparatuses and methods described above is that the measurements necessitate expensive travelling devices, and in addition necessitate devices which reliably record the distances travelled. Insofar as appropriate devices already exist, these therefore still have to be retrofitted at least with devices for recording distance travelled.
Finally, an apparatus for determining slag thickness which does not necessarily require a distance measuring device is also already known from JP-A02247539. This apparatus comprises a lance, the tip of which is provided with a nozzle from which an inert gas flows. The prevailing impact pressure, which first exhibits a moderate increase at the air/slag interface and then increases sharply at the slag/liquid metal interface, is determined by a pressure sensor. The slag thickness is determined from the pressure difference from the entry into the slag until the entry into the metal melt, taking into consideration the prevailing slag density. However, this principle of measurement can only be utilised for viscous slags. Even then the impact pressure is influenced not only by the density but also by the depth of immersion and by 1 viscosity variations, which in slag layers can range from the liquid to the solid state. Another disadvantage of this apparatus is that transitions are not detected distinctly and the measurement of thin slag layers is practically impossible. If a distance measuring device is dispensed with, the rate of immersion has to be kept low and constant, since otherwise transitions between slags and metal melts cannot be identified under some circumstances.
It would be desirable to be able to provide an apparatus of the type described which enables a reliable determination of the thickness of layers at a low apparatus cost and in which the accuracy of the layer measurement depends neither on a travelling device nor on a determination of distance travelled.
According to the present invention there is provided an apparatus for discontinuously determining the thickness of layers on metal melts, with the use of a sensor arrangement which can be moved on to the layers, which can be connected to at least one evaluation device, and which provides characteristic signals for each layer to be determined, characterised in that with the sensor arrangement at least one signal can be generated as a distance signal of an electromagnetic sensor from one of the layer interfaces, wherein an unambiguous interrelationship exists between signal and distance within the range of measurement, and at least one additional signal can be 6 generated for each layer to be determined, wherein an unambiguous interrelationship exists between signal and distance at at least one distance of the sensor arrangement from the layer to be determined in each case, and that the layer thickness can be determined in the evaluation device from the signals.
The sensor arrangement according to the invention enables the slag layer thickness to be measured on metal melts without having to take into account the distance travelled or the speed of travel, which does not have to be known anyway. In particular, this is made possible in that at least one sensor is constructed as an electromagnetic sensor which generates a distance signal with respect to one of the layer interfaces. In association with at least one other sensor which provide simple signals, i.e. switching signals, when one of the layers is reached, it is possible to make a direct thickness measurement, in that the distance signal is evaluated by the evaluation device at the times when the switching signals indicate that the other layers have been reached.
The sensor arrangement may contain different or identical sensors based on different or identical principles of operation.
According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the sensor arrangement comprises at least two sensors, wherein a signal can be 1 7 generated by a first electromagnetic sensor, which signal determines the existing distance of that sensor from the metal melt. A signal can be generated by a second sensor at a defined distance from a layer. The signal from the first sensor can be evaluated by the evaluation device when the second sensor generates the signal indicating the defined distance from the layer.
When the sensor arrangement approaches the layer, the sensor arrangement is able to pass through the layer.
If the sensor arrangement, which is preferably moved vertically on to the metal melt, is moved towards the metal melt at an angle which departs from the vertical, the angular deviation can be recorded and utilised in a simple manner for correcting the signals According to another embodiment of the invention, one sensor is constructed as an acceleration sensor by means of which a signal can be emitted when the sensor arrangement impinges on the uppermost layer.
This embodiment makes it possible to determine when layers are reached over a large viscosity range of the layer.
In order to detect relatively fluid media on the basis of their electrical properties, it is advantageous if all the sensors are constructed as electromagnetic sensors.
Because the apparatus according to the invention does not depend on an external distance measurement, it 8 is possible to construct the apparatus as a hand lance in order thereby to move the sensor arrangement manually in the direction of the layers. This form of construction is appropriate under conditions of restricted space or for measurement situations such as those which exist for test measurements in which expenditure on a travelling device is uneconomic.
Finally, yet another embodiment of the invention provides for the sensor arrangement to be provided as an interchangeable unit on a lance.
This arrangement enables a sensor arrangement which is provided for layer thickness measurement to be easily replaceable by another sensor arrangement, for example in order to determine other measurable quantities or so as to be able to replace defective sensor arrangements easily.
It also falls within the scope of the present invention to combine an apparatus for determining at least one other measurable quantity with the apparatus according to the invention in a lance or as part of the protective sleeve.
An example of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention is illustrated schematically in the drawings, where:
Figure 1 illustrates a sensor arrangement; and Figure 2 illustrates a signal evaluation.
The apparatus can be moved vertically at an angle a = 900 on to a metal melt 1 which is covered by a slag A 9 layer 2, the thickness of which is to be determined. The apparatus contains a lance 3, which is illustrated as a broken-off portion, and which is encapsulated in a protective tube 4, which is likewise illustrated as a broken-off portion. A first sensor 5 and a second sensor 6 are disposed side by side in the distal end of the lance 3 so that they terminate flush with the end of the lance 3.
The first sensor 5 is constructed as an electromagnetic sensor and is connected via a line 7 to a first preliminary processing device 8, which is connected via a line 9 to an evaluation device, which is not illustrated. A first signal is generated by the first sensor 5, from which the existing distance of the first sensor 5 from the metal melt 1 can be determined.
The second sensor 6 is connected via a line 10 to a second preliminary processing device 11 which is connected via a line 12 to an evaluation device, which is not illustrated. A second signal is only generated by the second sensor 6 at a defined distance from the slag layer 2.
As illustrated in Figure 2, the first signal from the first sensor 5 is evaluated when the second sensor 6 generates the second signal indicating the defined distance from the slag layer 2. The thickness of the slag layer can thus be derived from the signal which is characteristic for the slag layer 2 to be determined.
If the signals are recorded and stored during the measurement and are not evaluated until after the measurement, other possibilities for evaluation are known to one skilled in the art, which in particular also permit the determination of layer thicknesses which are greater than the range of measurement of the first sensor.
Claims (7)
1. An apparatus for discontinuously determining the thickness of layers on metal melts, with the use of a sensor arrangement which can be moved on to the layers, which can be connected to at least one evaluation device, and which provides characteristic signals for each layer to be determined, characterised in that with the sensor arrangement at least one signal can be generated as a distance signal of an electromagnetic sensor from one of the layer interfaces, wherein an unambiguous interrelationship exists between signal and distance within the range of measurement, and at least one additional signal can be generated for each layer to be determined, wherein an unambiguous interrelationship exists between signal and distance at at least one distance of the sensor arrangement from the layer to be determined in each case, and that the layer thickness can be determined in the evaluation device from the signals.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the sensor arrangement comprises at least two sensors, wherein a signal can be generated by a first electromagnetic sensor, which signal determines the existing distance of that sensor from the metal melt, and a signal can be generated by a second sensor at a defined distance from a layer, and that the signal from the first sensor can be evaluated by the evaluation device when the second sensor 12 generates the signal indicating the defined distance from the layer.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that one sensor is constructed as an acceleration sensor by means of which a signal can be emitted when the sensor arrangement impinges on the uppermost layer.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that all the sensors are constructed as electromagnetic sensors.
5. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the sensor arrangement can be moved manually in the direction of the layers.
6. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the sensor arrangement is provided as an interchangeable unit on a lance.
7. An apparatus for discontinuously determining the thickness of layers on metal melts substantially as described with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
t
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4402463A DE4402463C2 (en) | 1994-01-28 | 1994-01-28 | Device for discontinuous detection of the thickness of a layer on a molten metal |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9426412D0 GB9426412D0 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
| GB2286051A true GB2286051A (en) | 1995-08-02 |
| GB2286051B GB2286051B (en) | 1998-03-04 |
Family
ID=6508854
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9426412A Expired - Fee Related GB2286051B (en) | 1994-01-28 | 1994-12-30 | Apparatus for discontinuously determining the thickness of layers on a metal melt |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2854256B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR950032651A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1109584A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE1010228A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4402463C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2715722B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2286051B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0981034A1 (en) * | 1998-08-14 | 2000-02-23 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Process to determine the melt level in an electric arc furnace |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10233052A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-02-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Multiple document pull-off detection system for a document, especially banknote or check, processing system, whereby the documents are illuminated in their most sensitive areas and the transmitted radiation measured |
| DE102006003950A1 (en) | 2006-01-26 | 2007-08-30 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Device for determining an interface of a slag layer |
| JP5065614B2 (en) * | 2006-04-14 | 2012-11-07 | 株式会社アルバック | Eddy current film thickness meter |
| US8482295B2 (en) * | 2009-02-23 | 2013-07-09 | Hatch Ltd. | Electromagnetic bath level measurement for pyrometallurgical furnaces |
| CN101666614B (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-08-10 | 北京科技大学 | Device and method for measuring thickness of molten slag layer of mold flux of continuous casting crystallizer |
| US9057146B2 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2015-06-16 | Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates, Inc. | Eddy current thickness measurement apparatus |
| CN107401996B (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2023-10-20 | 江苏省水利科学研究院 | Silt detecting rod |
| CN107504892B (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2023-04-28 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Device and method for detecting thickness of submerged arc furnace slag layer |
| CN118149744B (en) * | 2024-05-13 | 2024-07-19 | 山东华韵新材料有限公司 | Metal sheet production thickness detection device |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4849694A (en) * | 1986-10-27 | 1989-07-18 | Nanometrics, Incorporated | Thickness measurements of thin conductive films |
| US5001356A (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1991-03-19 | Meisan Co., Ltd. | Sheet thickness measuring apparatus |
| US5062298A (en) * | 1989-12-05 | 1991-11-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Non-contact wet or dry film thickness measuring device using eddy current and ultrasonic sensors |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4223552A (en) * | 1979-03-21 | 1980-09-23 | Emhart Industries, Inc. | Apparatus and method for sensing a substance on a liquid surface |
| JPS60183503A (en) * | 1984-03-02 | 1985-09-19 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Method for measuring thickness of molten slag |
| JPS61212702A (en) * | 1985-03-18 | 1986-09-20 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Slag thickness measuring method |
| SE455820B (en) * | 1985-12-09 | 1988-08-08 | Geotronics Metaltech Ab | DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE SLAUGHTER LEVEL IN A METAL BATH |
| SE463893B (en) * | 1987-09-28 | 1991-02-04 | Geotronics Ab | DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE LEVEL OF A BATTERY SURFACE OF A SMALL METAL BATH |
| JPH0194201A (en) * | 1987-10-06 | 1989-04-12 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method and device for measuring molten slag thickness |
| US4876888A (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1989-10-31 | John Ricketts | Thickness monitor for floated sludge |
| JPH02247539A (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-10-03 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for measuring slag thickness on molten metal |
| FR2651876B1 (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-12-13 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUSLY DETERMINING THE THICKNESS OF LIQUID DAIRY ON THE SURFACE OF A BATH OF FUSED METAL IN A METALLURGICAL CONTAINER. |
| SE501472C2 (en) * | 1993-02-03 | 1995-02-27 | Stiftelsen Metallurg Forsk | Ways of measuring the positions of surfaces between different layers in metallurgical processes |
-
1994
- 1994-01-28 DE DE4402463A patent/DE4402463C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-30 GB GB9426412A patent/GB2286051B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-01-23 FR FR9500696A patent/FR2715722B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-24 JP JP7009241A patent/JP2854256B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-25 BE BE9500062A patent/BE1010228A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-26 KR KR1019950001399A patent/KR950032651A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-01-27 CN CN95101669A patent/CN1109584A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4849694A (en) * | 1986-10-27 | 1989-07-18 | Nanometrics, Incorporated | Thickness measurements of thin conductive films |
| US5001356A (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1991-03-19 | Meisan Co., Ltd. | Sheet thickness measuring apparatus |
| US5062298A (en) * | 1989-12-05 | 1991-11-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Non-contact wet or dry film thickness measuring device using eddy current and ultrasonic sensors |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0981034A1 (en) * | 1998-08-14 | 2000-02-23 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Process to determine the melt level in an electric arc furnace |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR950032651A (en) | 1995-12-22 |
| CN1109584A (en) | 1995-10-04 |
| DE4402463C2 (en) | 1998-01-29 |
| FR2715722A1 (en) | 1995-08-04 |
| GB2286051B (en) | 1998-03-04 |
| JP2854256B2 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
| DE4402463A1 (en) | 1995-08-03 |
| BE1010228A5 (en) | 1998-04-07 |
| GB9426412D0 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
| JPH07225105A (en) | 1995-08-22 |
| FR2715722B1 (en) | 1997-08-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5781008A (en) | Instantaneous slag thickness measuring device | |
| US4413810A (en) | Ascertaining the level of the slag-liquid-metal interface in metallurgical vessels | |
| GB2286051A (en) | Determining the thickness of layers on a metal melt | |
| US5375646A (en) | Method of controlling casting parameters in a diecasting machine | |
| US5042700A (en) | Process and equipment to determine disturbance variables when pouring molten metal from a container | |
| CA2025153A1 (en) | Process for continuously determining the thickness of the liquid slag on the surface of a bath of molten metal in a metallurgical container | |
| US20050133192A1 (en) | Tundish control | |
| US4545420A (en) | Apparatus for determining mold wall wear during casting and for determining shrinkage of the casting from the inner wall of the mold | |
| JP3138953B2 (en) | Slag thickness measuring device | |
| JP4038552B2 (en) | Viscosity measuring device | |
| KR100470044B1 (en) | Apparatus for detecting molten steel level using sub-lance | |
| KR100949679B1 (en) | Slag outflow detection method in ladle | |
| EP0330264A1 (en) | Method of measurement of the level of the surface of a metal bath | |
| US4787604A (en) | Slag retention on discharge of a ladle | |
| JPS62174313A (en) | Apparatus for detecting slag level of molten metal bath | |
| JPH0673732B2 (en) | Continuous casting method for steel | |
| AU749027B2 (en) | Vertical continuous casting installation with optimized measurement of the metal level | |
| JP2012251884A (en) | Boundary position detection method, boundary position detection system and data measurement probe used in boundary position detection system | |
| KR100516028B1 (en) | Method and device for estimating/controlling molten steel flowing pattern in continuous casting | |
| CN220507939U (en) | Measuring gun | |
| JP4414609B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for detecting drift in molten steel in continuous casting of steel | |
| JPS5983004A (en) | Method for measuring refractory wall thickness of molten metal container | |
| JPH02108444A (en) | Method for measuring molten layer thickness of mold powder on molten steel surface in mold of continuous casting | |
| JPH01215450A (en) | Slag flowout detecting method | |
| JP2971336B2 (en) | Slag cut control method and slag cut device in molten metal refining furnace |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19991230 |