GB2284415A - Repairing oxide based refractory bodies - Google Patents
Repairing oxide based refractory bodies Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2284415A GB2284415A GB9423365A GB9423365A GB2284415A GB 2284415 A GB2284415 A GB 2284415A GB 9423365 A GB9423365 A GB 9423365A GB 9423365 A GB9423365 A GB 9423365A GB 2284415 A GB2284415 A GB 2284415A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- refractory
- oxide
- powder mixture
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011822 basic refractory Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000836 magnesium aluminium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
- F27D1/1636—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining
- F27D1/1642—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining using a gunning apparatus
- F27D1/1647—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining using a gunning apparatus the projected materials being partly melted, e.g. by exothermic reactions of metals (Al, Si) with oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/65—Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions
- C04B35/651—Thermite type sintering, e.g. combustion sintering
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
A method of repairing an oxide-based refractory body comprises projecting a powder mixture against the surface of said body at an elevated temperature in the presence of oxygen. The powder mixture comprises oxide particles and fuel particles which react in an exothermic manner with the oxygen to form a refractory oxide. The fuel particles are selected from magnesium, aluminium, silicon and mixtures thereof and the powder mixture additionally contains up to 10% by weight of silicon carbide particles. This method enables a refractory repair mass to be formed with acceptable porosity.
Description
A METHOD AND POWDER MIXTURE FOR REPAIRING
OXIDE BASED REFRACTORY BODIES
The present invention relates to a method of repairing an oxide-based refractory body by a ceramic welding process.
Oxides of silicon, zirconium, aluminium and magnesium are used as industrial refractory oxides. In particular, oxides of aluminium and magnesium are currently used in the metallurgy industry, where they are chosen for their resistance to high temperature, to erosion and to corrosion by materials such as molten metal, slag and dross.
Magnesium oxide-based refractory materials, otherwise known as basic refractory materials, may form the lining of a ladle for the transport of molten steel. Such linings become abraded by the molten steel and the slag in use. Erosion of the lining occurs particularly at the level of the liquid.
There is thus a need to repair such oxide based refractory bodies from time to time.
It has been proposed to repair refractory bodies by use of a "ceramic welding" technique. In this technique, the refractory body to be repaired is maintained at an elevated temperature, and a powder mixture is projected in the presence of oxygen, said powder mixture comprising particles of a refractory material and fuel particles which react in an exothermic manner with the oxygen to form a refractory oxide.
By this method a refractory mass builds up and adheres to the refractory body at the repair site. The technique of ceramic welding is illustrated in British patent nos. GB 1,330,894 (Glaverbel) and GB 2,170,191 (Glaverbel). The fuel particles are particles whose composition and granulometry are such that they react in an exothermic manner with the oxygen while forming a refractory oxide and while releasing the necessary heat for melting, at least superficially, the projected refractory particles.
However, it has been found that when a powder mixture consisting of oxide particles and fuel particles is used to repair an oxide-based refractory body, and in particular a refractory body based on high melting point oxides such as magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide, the resulting refractory mass may be porous. If there is a significant apparent porosity, the repair mass is not useful for certain applications, particularly if the repair mass is subject to erosion or to corrosion by molten materials.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method of repairing oxide-based refractory bodies which enables a refractory repair mass to be formed with acceptable porosity.
We have surprisingly discovered that, where the fuel particles are selected from particles of magnesium, aluminium, silicon and mixtures thereof, this objective may be achieved by the incorporation, in the powder mixture, of a specific quantity of silicon carbide. This is contrary to the generally accepted principle of matching the composition of the refractory repair mass with the composition of the refractory material surface being repaired. Further, silicon carbide is seen as an inert material in this ceramic welding process and is not wetted by the liquid phase which is formed during the reaction. The effect of the silicon carbide on the porosity of the mass is therefore somewhat surprising.
While not wishing to be bound by theory, we believe that the additional silicon carbide particles conduct heat into the refractory repair mass and that in time prolonged exposure to high temperatures causes a decomposition of the silicon carbide particles to generate elemental carbon, which is known to provide the refractory repair mass with good slag corrosion resistance.
Thus, according to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a method of repairing an oxide-based refractory body by projecting a powder mixture against a surface of said body at an elevated temperature and in the presence of oxygen, said powder mixture comprising refractory oxide particles and fuel particles which react in an exothermic manner with the oxygen to form a refractory oxide, characterised in that the fuel particles are selected from magnesium, aluminium, silicon and mixtures thereof and in that the powder mixture additionally contains up to 10% by weight of silicon carbide particles.
The level of silicon carbide in said powder mixture is preferably at least 1 by weight. If too much silicon carbide is included, we have found that the result may be that no repair mass at all is formed because the repair material flows away from the repair site. Without wishing to be bound by theory, one might expect that this may be due to the retention of too much heat following the repair process, leading to a low viscosity liquid phase. If too little silicon carbide is used, the benefits of the invention are no longer obtained to a significant degree.
The silicon carbide preferably has a small particle size, such as less than 200 pm. By "particle size" as used herein, we mean that the material concerned has a particle size distribution such that at least 90% by weight of particles conform to the given limits. "Average dimension", as used herein, designates a dimension such that 50t by weight of the particles have a smaller dimension than this average.
The refractory oxide particles may comprise at least one oxide of which the refractory body is formed. Thus, where the refractory oxide body is an aluminium oxide-containing body, the refractory oxide particles may comprise particles of alumina. Where the refractory oxide body is a magnesium oxide-containing body, the refractory oxide particles may comprise particles of magnesia.
Preferably, a major portion of said powder mixture is formed of refractory oxide particles selected from magnesia, alumina and mixtures thereof. These are the oxides in the presence of which the exothermic reaction is most lively, and therefore has a higher risk of resulting in a highly porous repair mass. Preferably, the oxide refractory particles have a size below 2.5 mm, with substantially no particles having a size above 4 mm.
The fuel particles are selected from particles of magnesium, aluminium, silicon and mixtures thereof. A mixture of aluminium and silicon is particularly advantageous. The fuel particles used in the mixture preferably have an average dimension of less than 50 pm.
The repair operation is generally performed when the refractory body is hot. This makes it possible to repair eroded refractory bodies while the equipment remains substantially at its working temperature.
The elevated temperature may be above 6000C as measured at the surface of the refractory body to be repaired. At this temperature, the fuel particles will combust in the presence of oxygen to liberate a refractory oxide and to generate sufficient heat to cause the oxide particles, together with the combustion product of the fuel, to form into the refractory repair mass which constitutes the repair.
The invention also provides, according to a second aspect thereof, a powder mixture for the repair of oxide-based refractory bodies, said mixture comprising:
- from 80% to 95% by weight of refractory particles comprising a refractory oxide; and
- from 5% to 20% by weight of fuel particles which react in an exothermic manner with the oxygen to form a refractory oxide, characterised in that said fuel particles are selected from magnesium, aluminium, silicon and mixtures thereof and in that said refractory particles include up to 10% by weight of silicon carbide particles, based on the total mixture.
In order to obtain a homogeneous repair mass, an amount of at least 80% by weight of refractory particles, including the oxide particles, should be present in the powder mixture.
In a preferred embodiment, the mixture comprises:
from 80% to 94% by weight of refractory oxide particles selected from particles of alumina, magnesia and mixtures thereof;
from 1% to 5% by weight silicon carbide particles; and
from 5% to 15% by weight of said fuel particles.
Preferably, the refractory particles in the powder mixture, including the silicon carbide particles, have a size of at least 10pm. If particles which are too small are employed, there is a risk that they will be lost during the reaction.
A useful technique for bringing the powder mixture against a surface of the refractory body to be repaired, is to project the powder mixture together with an oxygen-containing gas.
In general it is recommended to perform the projection of particles in the presence of a high concentration of oxygen, for example, by using oxygen of commercial quality as a gas carrier. In this manner a repair mass is easily formed that adheres to the surface onto which the particles are projected. Because of the very high temperatures that the ceramic welding reaction can reach, it can penetrate slag which might be present on the surface of the refractory body being treated, and it can soften or melt the surface in such a way that a good bond is produced between the treated surface and the newly formed refractory repair mass.
This process is conveniently carried out with the use of a lance. A suitable lance for use in the process of the invention comprises one or more outlets for the discharge of the powder stream, optionally together with one or more outlets for supplementary gas. For repairs carried out in a hot environment, the gas streams may be discharged from a lance which is cooled by fluid circulating through it. Such cooling may easily be achieved by providing the lance with a water jacket. Such lances are suitable for projecting powder at rates of 30 to 500 kg/h.
In order to facilitate the formation of a regular jet of powder, the refractory particles preferably comprise substantially no particles with a size greater than 4 mm, most preferably not greater than 2.5 mm.
The invention is particularly useful for the repair or maintenance of molten-steel ladles because it can be carried out rapidly, at a high temperature, between ladle charges, while the refractory bodies which form part of such ladles are particularly affected by contact with molten metal and slag. The region which requires the greatest repair tends to be the line of the liquid surface.
The invention will now be further described in the following non-limiting examples.
EXAMPLE 1
A refractory repair mass is formed on a wall of the magnesium oxide-based lining of a molten steel ladle. A mixture of refractory particles and particles of a fuel is projected onto these bricks. The temperature of the wall is about 8500C. The mixture is projected at the rate of 150 kg/h into a stream of pure oxygen. The mixture has the following composition:
MgO 87% by weight
SiC 5%
Si 4%
Al 4%
The MgO particles have a maximum dimension of approximately 2 mm. The silicon carbide particles have a particle size of 125 pm, with an average dimension of 57 pm. The silicon particles and the aluminium particles have a maximum dimension below 45 pm.
EXAMPLE 1A (Comparative)
By way of comparison, the same repair was carried out in the same manner as described in Example 1, but using a powder mixture of the following composition:
MgO 92% by weight
Si 4%
Al 4%
The apparent density and apparent porosity (i.e. open porosity) of the refractory repair masses formed in Examples 1 and 1A were measured and the results were as follows:
Density
Example No kg/dm3 Porosity (%)
1 2.9 about 8%
1A 2 - 2.4 about 20%
In a modification of Example 1, an aluminium oxide-containing refractory may be repaired in a similar way, but where the magnesia particles in the powder mixture are replaced by the same amount of alumina particles of the same granulometry.
EXAMPLES 2 to 4
Refractory repair masses are formed on a wall of the magnesium oxide-based lining of a molten steel ladle.
Mixtures of refractory particles and particles of a fuel are projected onto these bricks. The temperature of the wall is about 8500C. The mixtures are projected at the rate of 60 kg/h into a stream of pure oxygen. The mixtures had the following compositions (by weight):
Example No: 2 3 4
Si 4% 4% 4% Al 4% 4% 4%
SiC 2% 5% 10%
MgO 90% 87% 82%
The MgO particles have a maximum dimension of approximately 2 mm. The silicon carbide particles have a particle size of 125 pm, with an average dimension of 57 pm. The silicon particles and the aluminium particles have a maximum dimension below 45 pm.
The apparent density and apparent porosity (i.e. open porosity) of the refractory repair masses formed in Examples 2 to 4 were measured and the results were as follows:
Density
Example No kg/dm3 Porosity (%)
2 2.6 14%
3 2.7 10%
4 2.9 8%
EXAMPLE 5
A ceramic welding powder comprises the following composition (% by weight):
Alumina 87%
Silicon carbide 5%
Aluminium 6%
Magnesium 2%
The alumina used was an electrocast alumina. The alumina had a nominal maximum grain size of 700 pm, the silicon carbide had the same granulometry as given in Example 1 above, the aluminium particles had a maximum dimension below 45 pm and the magnesium particles had a maximum dimension of 75 pm.
The above powder mixture may be used as described in Example 1, to repair a Corhart (Trade Mark) Zac refractory block (composition: alumina/zircon/zirconia) in a glass melting tank furnace beneath the working surface level of the melt after the tank has been partially drained to give access to the repair site.
Claims (9)
1. A method of repairing an oxide-based refractory body by projecting a powder mixture against a surface of said body at an elevated temperature and in the presence of oxygen, said powder mixture comprising refractory oxide particles and fuel particles which react in an exothermic manner with the oxygen to form a refractory oxide, characterised in that the fuel particles are selected from magnesium, aluminium, silicon and mixtures thereof and in that the powder mixture additionally contains up to 10% by weight of silicon carbide particles.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the level of silicon carbide in said powder mixture is at least 1% by weight.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the silicon carbide has a particle size of less than 200 pm.
4. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein said refractory oxide particles comprise at least one oxide of which the refractory body is formed.
5. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein said refractory oxide body is selected from aluminium oxidecontaining bodies and magnesium oxide-containing bodies.
6. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein a major portion of said powder mixture is formed of refractory oxide particles selected from magnesia, alumina and mixtures thereof.
7. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein said refractory body to be repaired is part of a molten-steel ladle.
8. A powder mixture for the repair of oxide-based refractory bodies, said mixture comprising:
- from 80% to 95% by weight of refractory particles comprising a refractory oxide; and
- from 5% to 20% by weight of fuel particles which react in an exothermic manner with the oxygen to form a refractory oxide, characterised in that said fuel particles are selected from magnesium, aluminium, silicon and mixtures thereof and in that said refractory particles include up to 10% by weight of silicon carbide particles, based on the total mixture.
9. A powder mixture according to claim 8, comprising:
from 80% to 94% by weight of refractory oxide particles selected from particles of alumina, magnesia and mixtures thereof;
from 1% to 5% by weight silicon carbide particles; and
from 5% to 15% by weight of said fuel particles.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9423365A GB2284415B (en) | 1993-12-01 | 1994-11-18 | A method and powder mixture for repairing oxide based refractory bodies |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB939324655A GB9324655D0 (en) | 1993-12-01 | 1993-12-01 | A method and powder mixture for repairing oxide based refractory bodies |
| GB9423365A GB2284415B (en) | 1993-12-01 | 1994-11-18 | A method and powder mixture for repairing oxide based refractory bodies |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9423365D0 GB9423365D0 (en) | 1995-01-11 |
| GB2284415A true GB2284415A (en) | 1995-06-07 |
| GB2284415B GB2284415B (en) | 1998-01-07 |
Family
ID=26303944
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9423365A Expired - Fee Related GB2284415B (en) | 1993-12-01 | 1994-11-18 | A method and powder mixture for repairing oxide based refractory bodies |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2284415B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5928717A (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 1999-07-27 | Fosbel International Limited | Process for forming a refractory repair mass |
| US5961371A (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 1999-10-05 | Glaverbel | Cutting refractory material |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1374458A (en) * | 1970-12-25 | 1974-11-20 | Nippon Crucible Co | Graphite-alumina-silicon carbide base refractory |
| GB2233323A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1991-01-09 | Glaverbel | Process of forming a porous refractory mass and composition of matter for use in such process. |
| EP0495327A1 (en) * | 1990-12-18 | 1992-07-22 | Albert Duval | Composition for repairing of refractories by in-situ soldering |
-
1994
- 1994-11-18 GB GB9423365A patent/GB2284415B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1374458A (en) * | 1970-12-25 | 1974-11-20 | Nippon Crucible Co | Graphite-alumina-silicon carbide base refractory |
| GB2233323A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1991-01-09 | Glaverbel | Process of forming a porous refractory mass and composition of matter for use in such process. |
| EP0495327A1 (en) * | 1990-12-18 | 1992-07-22 | Albert Duval | Composition for repairing of refractories by in-situ soldering |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5928717A (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 1999-07-27 | Fosbel International Limited | Process for forming a refractory repair mass |
| US5961371A (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 1999-10-05 | Glaverbel | Cutting refractory material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2284415B (en) | 1998-01-07 |
| GB9423365D0 (en) | 1995-01-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2923027B2 (en) | Ceramic welding method and lance for use in such method | |
| AU695855B2 (en) | A process for forming a refractory repair mass | |
| RU2051879C1 (en) | Method of moulding of built-up layer of refractory body and mixture of particles | |
| EP0733591B1 (en) | Methods of processing aluminium dross and aluminium dross residue into calcium aluminate | |
| RU2173308C2 (en) | Method of forming repair refractory compound and powder mix for carrying it trough | |
| US4946806A (en) | Flame spraying method and composition | |
| CA2136660C (en) | A method and powder mixture for repairing oxide based refractory bodies | |
| KR970009993B1 (en) | Ceramic welding process and powder mixture for use in the same | |
| US6660673B1 (en) | Use of particulate materials containing TiO2 in refractory products | |
| US5700309A (en) | Method and powder mixture for repairing oxide based refractory bodies | |
| GB2284415A (en) | Repairing oxide based refractory bodies | |
| JP2000159579A (en) | Thermal spray material | |
| EP0835231A1 (en) | Cutting refractory material | |
| KR100196061B1 (en) | Improvements in or relating to ceramic welding | |
| Nemavhola et al. | Accretion formation on the refractory lining during the melting of ferrosilicon | |
| JP2004028504A (en) | Hot repairing method for industrial furnace | |
| KR810002042B1 (en) | How to extend the life of lining to AOD | |
| JPH11158523A (en) | Desulfurizing agent for molten iron | |
| JPS6053273B2 (en) | Flame spraying repair method for a furnace | |
| MXPA97009794A (en) | Procedure to form a repara refractory mass |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20041118 |