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GB2198844A - Gas sensor - Google Patents

Gas sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2198844A
GB2198844A GB08716541A GB8716541A GB2198844A GB 2198844 A GB2198844 A GB 2198844A GB 08716541 A GB08716541 A GB 08716541A GB 8716541 A GB8716541 A GB 8716541A GB 2198844 A GB2198844 A GB 2198844A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
gas
optical device
change
gas sensor
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08716541A
Other versions
GB8716541D0 (en
GB2198844B (en
Inventor
Dr David Edward Williams
Dr Patrick Timothy Moseley
Dr Peter Mcgeehin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK Atomic Energy Authority
Original Assignee
UK Atomic Energy Authority
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Atomic Energy Authority filed Critical UK Atomic Energy Authority
Publication of GB8716541D0 publication Critical patent/GB8716541D0/en
Publication of GB2198844A publication Critical patent/GB2198844A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2198844B publication Critical patent/GB2198844B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/7703—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
    • G01N21/783—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour for analysing gases

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)

Abstract

The gas sensor includes an optical device 1 having a coating 2 of a material the electrical permittivity, and hence refractive index, of which is capable of undergoing a change when material is in the presence of the gas to be detected. By way of example the optical device may be an integrated optical device (e.g. a microchip having both electronic and optical properties) or an optical fibre. In operation, light is passed through the optical device and the change in light passing to a sensor 3 is detected. <IMAGE>

Description

Sensor The present invention relates to sensors and more particularly to sensors finding application in the detection of gases.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a gas sensor for the detection of a gas which sensor includes an optical device having a coating of a material the electrical permittivity of which is capable of undergoing a change when the material is in the presence of the gas to be detected.
The term optical device as used in this Specification embraces, for example, an integrated optical device (e.g.
microchip having both electronic and optical properties) and an optical fibre.
The transmission of light through an optical device is affected by a coating on such a device; light confined in such a device interacts with the coating and hence changes in the electrical permittivity of the coating, induced by interaction with the gas, can be sensed.
It will be appreciated that refractive index and electrical permittivity are related properties.
A sensor in accordance with the present invention may be used to detect a gas at low concentration for example at low concentration in air.
Examples of gases which may be detected in air in accordance with the present invention are H2, CO, CH4, NH3, C2H4, C3H8, N02, S02 and H2S.
The thickness of a coating on an optical device in accordance with the present invention may be, for example, up to one micron.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for the detection of a gas which includes contacting the gas with a gas sensor, said gas sensor including an optical device having a coating of a material the electrical permittivity of which is capable of undergoing a change when the material is contacted with the gas, and measuring the effect of the change of electrical permittivity upon light passing through the optical device.
Tables I, II and III give examples of materials the electrical permittivity of which is capable of undergoing a change when in contact with a gas, together with the gases which induce the said change in electrical permittivity for each material.
The present invention will now be further described, by way of example only, with reference to Tables I, II and III and the single Figure of the accompanying drawing which shows a sensor in accordance with the present invention.
TABLE I
Example Material Gas giving permittivity No response at temperature indicated ( C) H2 CO CH4 NH3 C 2H4 1 ! CoTa2O6 120 2 ! Ba0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6 500 500 660 3 , SnO2Pt/Pd RT 4 SrCe0.95Fe0.05O3x 500 500 5 SrCe0.95Ni0.05O3x 500 6 RbFe2NbO21 500 500 7 Bi6Fe4NbO30 450 450 450 450 8 Ba6Ti2Nb8O30 460 460 460 9 Pb0.55Ba0.45Nb2O6 460 460 460 10 PbNb2O6 510 11 Y2TiFeO7@x 500 500 12 j ZnO/SnO2 500 500 500 13 Pb2SnO4 500 14 Bi2Sn2O7 530 530 530 15 Y2Sn207 520 520 520 520 16 Ba0.9Y0.1SnO3 500 500 500 17 Ba0.9Sn0.9Ce0.1O3 520 520 520 18 BaSn0.9Zr0.1O3 500 500 500 500 19 BaSn0.9Ti0.1O3 500 500 500 500 500 20 @ SrSnO3 500 500 500 500 500 TABLE II
Example Material Gas giving permittivity No response at temperature indicated ( C) C3H8 NO2 H2 SO2 H2S 21 Ba0.9La0.1SnO3 200 22 Ba0.9Gd0.1SnO3 510 23 BaSn0.7Ce0.3O3 510 24 BaSn0.9Ce0.1O3 500 500 25 BaSn0.7Zr0.3O3 480 480 26 BaSnO .7Zr0.1O3 480 27 BaSn0.9Zr0.1O3 520 520 520 520 28 SrSnO3 520 520 29 CaSnO3 30 FeNbO4 40 240 31 CoTa 1.95Ti0.05 O(s 510 510 32 NiTa1.95Ti0.05O6 520 33 BiVO4 400 34 SnW04 410 35 FeNb206 420 TABLE III
Example Material @ Gas giving permittivity No 1 response at temperature indicated ( C) CH4 CO H2 C2H4 NH3 36 Nd2O3/SnO2 510 510 510 37 WNb4 013 500 500 38 SnO2/Nb205 510 510 510 510 510 39 BaTiO3 500 500 40 TiO25%Sb2 03 500 500 500 41 TiO210%Cr203 500 500 500 500 Referring now to the single Figure of the accompanying drawing there is shown a sensor having an optical fibre 1, a coating 2 of a material the electrical permittivity of which is capable of undergoing a change when the material is in the presence of a gas to be detected, and means 3 capable of sensing changes in light in the optical fibre 1 thereby to detect a change in the electrical permittivity of the coating 2.
In operation light is passed down the optical fibre 1 and a gas to be detected is admitted to the presence of the coating 2. The resulting change in electrical permittivity (and hence the refractive index) of coating 2 is indicated by a change in the light detected by means 3.

Claims (7)

Claims
1. A gas sensor for the detection of a gas which sensor includes an optical device having a coating of a material the electrical permittivity of which is capable of undergoing a change when the material is in the presence of the gas to be detected.
2. A gas sensor as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the optical device is an integrated optical device or an optical fibre.
3. A method for the detection of a gas which includes contacting the gas with a gas sensor, said gas sensor including an optical device having a coating of a material the electrical permittivity of which is capable of undergoing a change when the material is contacted with the gas, and measuring the effect of the change of electrical permittivity upon light passing through the optical device.
4. A method as claimed in Claim 4 wherein hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ammonia, C2H4, C3H8, NO2, SO2 or hydrogen sulphide is detected in air.
5. A gas sensor including a material substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of Examples 1 to 41.
6. A gas sensor substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the single Figure of the accompanying drawing.
7. A method for the detection of a gas substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the single Figure of the accompanying drawing.
GB8716541A 1986-07-17 1987-07-14 Sensor Expired - Lifetime GB2198844B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB868617431A GB8617431D0 (en) 1986-07-17 1986-07-17 Sensor

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8716541D0 GB8716541D0 (en) 1987-08-19
GB2198844A true GB2198844A (en) 1988-06-22
GB2198844B GB2198844B (en) 1990-03-28

Family

ID=10601206

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB868617431A Pending GB8617431D0 (en) 1986-07-17 1986-07-17 Sensor
GB8716541A Expired - Lifetime GB2198844B (en) 1986-07-17 1987-07-14 Sensor

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB868617431A Pending GB8617431D0 (en) 1986-07-17 1986-07-17 Sensor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (2) GB8617431D0 (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2210685A (en) * 1987-10-05 1989-06-14 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Sensor
GB2218511A (en) * 1988-05-09 1989-11-15 Zeiss Jena Veb Carl Apparatus for the automatic photometric analysis of small specimens
DE9110757U1 (en) * 1991-08-30 1992-02-13 Klein, Rainer, 5840 Schwerte Integrated optical fabric sensor
EP0489274A1 (en) * 1990-12-03 1992-06-10 Corning Incorporated Optical fiber sensor with localized sensing regions
WO1992019976A1 (en) * 1991-04-26 1992-11-12 Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Industrieorientierten Forschung An Den Schweizerischen Hochschulen Und Weiteren Institutionen Process and device for determining measured quantities by means of an integrated optical sensor module
DE4128846A1 (en) * 1991-08-30 1993-03-04 Rainer Klein Integrated optical material sensor - comprises light waveguide, coated with immobilised layer, light sources and coupling unit
WO1995030889A1 (en) * 1994-05-09 1995-11-16 Unisearch Limited Method and device for optoelectronic chemical sensing
DE4438391A1 (en) * 1994-10-27 1996-05-02 Evotec Biosystems Gmbh Method and device for determining substance-specific parameters of one or fewer molecules by means of correlation spectroscopy
US6046054A (en) * 1994-02-19 2000-04-04 Capteur Sensors & Analysers, Ltd. Semiconducting oxide gas sensors
GB2385915A (en) * 2001-10-19 2003-09-03 Optomed As Fibre optic sensing of measurands within the body
US7440110B2 (en) 2001-10-19 2008-10-21 Invivosense Asa Optical sensing of measurands
EP2058647A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2009-05-13 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Sulfur component detection apparatus
WO2011027016A1 (en) * 2009-09-07 2011-03-10 Universidad Pública de Navarra Coated fibre optic sensors based on near cutoff lossy mode resonance

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1530997A (en) * 1974-11-11 1978-11-01 Monsanto Co Optical analytical method and device
GB1543914A (en) * 1976-02-06 1979-04-11 Monsanto Co Organic vapour detector

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1530997A (en) * 1974-11-11 1978-11-01 Monsanto Co Optical analytical method and device
GB1543914A (en) * 1976-02-06 1979-04-11 Monsanto Co Organic vapour detector

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
WO A1 86/07149 *

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2210685A (en) * 1987-10-05 1989-06-14 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Sensor
GB2218511A (en) * 1988-05-09 1989-11-15 Zeiss Jena Veb Carl Apparatus for the automatic photometric analysis of small specimens
GB2218511B (en) * 1988-05-09 1992-12-02 Zeiss Jena Veb Carl Apparatus for the automatic photometric analysis of small quantities of a specimen
EP0489274A1 (en) * 1990-12-03 1992-06-10 Corning Incorporated Optical fiber sensor with localized sensing regions
US5144690A (en) * 1990-12-03 1992-09-01 Corning Incorporated Optical fiber sensor with localized sensing regions
WO1992019976A1 (en) * 1991-04-26 1992-11-12 Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Industrieorientierten Forschung An Den Schweizerischen Hochschulen Und Weiteren Institutionen Process and device for determining measured quantities by means of an integrated optical sensor module
DE9110757U1 (en) * 1991-08-30 1992-02-13 Klein, Rainer, 5840 Schwerte Integrated optical fabric sensor
DE4128846A1 (en) * 1991-08-30 1993-03-04 Rainer Klein Integrated optical material sensor - comprises light waveguide, coated with immobilised layer, light sources and coupling unit
US6046054A (en) * 1994-02-19 2000-04-04 Capteur Sensors & Analysers, Ltd. Semiconducting oxide gas sensors
WO1995030889A1 (en) * 1994-05-09 1995-11-16 Unisearch Limited Method and device for optoelectronic chemical sensing
DE4438391A1 (en) * 1994-10-27 1996-05-02 Evotec Biosystems Gmbh Method and device for determining substance-specific parameters of one or fewer molecules by means of correlation spectroscopy
GB2385915A (en) * 2001-10-19 2003-09-03 Optomed As Fibre optic sensing of measurands within the body
GB2385915B (en) * 2001-10-19 2005-09-28 Optomed As Optical sensing of measurands
US7440110B2 (en) 2001-10-19 2008-10-21 Invivosense Asa Optical sensing of measurands
EP2058647A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2009-05-13 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Sulfur component detection apparatus
EP2058647A4 (en) * 2007-01-17 2011-04-06 Toyota Motor Co Ltd APPARATUS FOR DETECTING COMPRESSED COMPONENT
US8161794B2 (en) 2007-01-17 2012-04-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Sulfur component detecting device
CN101568826B (en) * 2007-01-17 2012-09-19 丰田自动车株式会社 Sulfur component detection device
WO2011027016A1 (en) * 2009-09-07 2011-03-10 Universidad Pública de Navarra Coated fibre optic sensors based on near cutoff lossy mode resonance
ES2363285A1 (en) * 2009-09-07 2011-07-28 Universidad Publica De Navarra COATED OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS BASED ON RESONANCE ORIGINATED BY MODES WITH LOSSES NEAR THE CUTTING CONDITION.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8716541D0 (en) 1987-08-19
GB2198844B (en) 1990-03-28
GB8617431D0 (en) 1986-08-28

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