GB2185475A - Process for enamelling metallic articles - Google Patents
Process for enamelling metallic articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2185475A GB2185475A GB08601136A GB8601136A GB2185475A GB 2185475 A GB2185475 A GB 2185475A GB 08601136 A GB08601136 A GB 08601136A GB 8601136 A GB8601136 A GB 8601136A GB 2185475 A GB2185475 A GB 2185475A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- products
- enamel
- clay
- process according
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052572 stoneware Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 201000010001 Silicosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000549 coloured material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- YUZILKLGVPUFOT-YHPRVSEPSA-L disodium;5-[(6-anilino-4-oxo-1h-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-2-[(e)-2-[4-[(6-anilino-4-oxo-1h-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-2-sulfonatophenyl]ethenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C=1C=C(\C=C\C=2C(=CC(NC=3NC(NC=4C=CC=CC=4)=NC(=O)N=3)=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=1NC(N1)=NC(=O)N=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 YUZILKLGVPUFOT-YHPRVSEPSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example steatite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
- C23D5/02—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers by wet methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A process for enamelling metallic articles, wherein to the melting or milling batch is added 1 to 200% by weight of silicon dioxide in the form of clay ceramic intermediate products or by-products which have been calcined one or more times.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Process for enamelling metallic articles
The present invention is concerned with a process for enamelling metallic articles, for example large domestic appliances, domestic utensils, baths, exhaust plant, architectural elements and the like, which can be used in the same manner after a wet or powder enamel application.
It is known that in the case of the production of enamel, there are used not only enamel frits but also so-called milling additives. Such milling additives include, for example, water, standardising agents, suspension agents, coloured materials, matting agents and the like.
In particular, it is also known that to the base enamel in a mill are added materials which improve the stoving time and, after stoving of the enamel, produce a heterogeneous structure of the enamel layer. Such materials include, for example, quartz powder, feldspar and zirconium silicate, of which quartz powder is used almost exclusively (see A. Dietzel, "Emaillierung", pub.
Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1980, p. 167; H. Kyri, "Handbuch für Bayer-Email", pub. Bayer-Rickmann
GmbH, Koln, 1974, p. 38).
Covering enamels also contain, inter alia, milling additives in order to improve the thermal properties or the hardness of the enamel. Such materials are mostly quartz or flint powder (see
German Democratic Republic Patent No. 20909) or also materials which are harder than quartz, for example steatite, aluminium oxide and the like (see Federal Republic of Germany Patent
Specification No. 2,754,037). Furthermore, it is known that in the case of melting enamel frits, quartz sand or quartz powder are used for introducing silicon dioxide.
Disadvantages of the above-mentioned materials are, in some cases, the high prices of the raw materials, the influences on certain properties of the enamel, for example acid resistance, elasticity, gloss, stoving temperature or, which is of quite especial importance, the healthimpairing actions of quartz powder, those particles with a size of less than 5-10 ijm being very accessible to the lungs and giving rise to silicosis, which cannot be completely prevented even by means of expensive extraction plant.
It is an object of the present invention to avoid as completely as possible the danger of silicosis when using economically and ecologically advantageous raw materials, as well as to improve the properties of use, such as mechanical thermal and chemical resistance, of enamelled articles.
The problem with which the present invention is concerned is to provide an enamelling process in which silicon dioxide is introduced into the enamel in such a form that the melt or milling additives in question only contain small amounts of free silicon dioxide.
Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided a process for enamelling metallic articles, wherein to the melting or milling batch there is added 1 to 200% by weight of silicon dioxide in the form of clay ceramic intermediate products or by-products which have been calcined one or more times.
According to the process of the present invention, it is preferred to use clay ceramic intermediate products or by-products, the plasticity of which has been reduced with clay ceramic substances.
As clay ceramic intermediate products and by-products, there can be used, for example, brick powder or chips, clinker granulate, porcelain powder (from biscuit-baked potsherds or from sharp-fired potsherds), stoneware chips or similar materials.
Since such materials have hitherto been regarded as being contaminations in enamel (for example fire-resistant materials from the linings of enamel stoving furnaces), this surprising recognition was only appreciated in the course of extensive investigations. The further working up now takes place in known manner, for example according to conventional two-layer onestoving enamelling or direct white enamelling.
According to a further feature of the present invention, it is preferable to use coarse starting materials, for example chips or granulates, in order to minimise dust formation in the course of working. Furthermore, in the case of milling additives, the dissolving thereof in the enamel is thereby retarded and a heterogeneous structure is achieved with good mechanical and thermal properties of the enamel with acceptable stoving temperatures.
Depending upon the hardness and particle size of the clay ceramic intermediate products or by-products, a grinding and/or common grinding with the enamel frit is possible.
It can also be especially advantageous to tablet or pelletise the clay ceramic intermediate products or by-products with binding agents which do not impair the enamel, for example clay or carboxymethylcellulose, in order completely to combat dust formation and to improve the flowability.
According to a further feature of the present invention, it can also be advantageous to utilise the inherent colour of a particular clay ceramic intermediate product or by-product in such a manner that colouring or matting materials are omitted or reduced in an amount as milling additives, for example, the use of brown brick powder for a single-layer brown enamel or white porcelain powder for a white enamel. Furthermore, for the achievement of particular enamel properties, it is possible to use the clay ceramic intermediate products or by-products in admixture with one another or with other milling additives.
The following Examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention:
Example 1.
In the production of a base enamel, quartz and feldspar powder are replaced by clinker powder. Milling takes place in a 250 kg. mill with a milling time of 9 hours of the following batch: base enamel frit 1 (commercially
available) 100 parts by wt.
base enamel frit 2 (commercially
available) 70 parts by wt.
clinker powder 70 parts by wt.
clay 14 parts by wt.
standardising agent 0.5 parts by wt.
rust-protection agent 0.15 parts by wt.
water 120 parts by wt.
Example 2.
in the production of a white covering enamel for enamelling utensils, for the simultaneous improvement of the thermal properties, porcelain powder (particle fraction 30 to 100,am) is added to the milling batch which has the following composition: covering enamel frit (commercially
available) 210 parts by wt.
porcelain powder 40 parts by wt.
clay 10 parts by wt.
standardising agent 0.4 parts by wt.
water 110 parts by wt.
This enamel is, for example, highly suitable for utensils exposed to high temperatures and/or for rinsing since the acid resistance is doubled and the resistance to wear is increased by about 40%.
Example 3.
In the case of the production of a brown one-layer enamel for the enamelling of preferably oven coverings, a brown brick powder from bricks thinned with brick granulate is added to the milling batch which has the following composition: one-layer enamel frit 1 (commerically
available) 1 55 parts by wt.
brick powder 95 parts by wt.
clay 11 parts by wt.
standardising agent 0.3 parts by wt.
rust-protection agent 0. 15 parts by wt.
water 110 parts by wt.
The use of brown colouring materials is omitted.
Claims (7)
1. Process for enamelling metallic articles, wherein to the melting or milling batch there is added 1 to 200% by weight of silicon dioxide in the form of clay ceramic intermediate products or by-products which have been calcined one or more times.
2. Process according to claim 1, wherein the plasticity of the clay ceramic intermediate products or by-products has been reduced with clay-ceramic substances.
3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the clay ceramic intermediate products or byproducts are brick powder, brick chips, clinker granulate, procelain powder or stoneware chips.
4. Process according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the clay ceramic intermediate products or by-products are used in coarse form as chips or granulates.
5. Process according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the clay ceramic intermediate products or by-products are tabletted or pelletised.
6. Process according to claim 1 for enamelling metallic articles, substantially as hereinbefore described and exemplified.
7. Metallic articles, whenever enamelled by the process according to any of claims 1 to 6.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19853539046 DE3539046C2 (en) | 1985-11-04 | 1985-11-04 | Method for enamelling metallic objects |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8601136D0 GB8601136D0 (en) | 1986-02-19 |
| GB2185475A true GB2185475A (en) | 1987-07-22 |
| GB2185475B GB2185475B (en) | 1989-10-25 |
Family
ID=6285111
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8601136A Expired GB2185475B (en) | 1985-11-04 | 1986-01-17 | Process for enamelling metallic articles |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3539046C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2593194B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2185475B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8600153A (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB867589A (en) * | 1958-03-07 | 1961-05-10 | Secr Aviation | Improvements in or relating to vitrified materials |
| DE2754037A1 (en) * | 1977-12-05 | 1979-06-07 | Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete | Enamel for household equipment e.g. ovens - with improved scratch and crack resistance |
| US4483930A (en) * | 1983-02-22 | 1984-11-20 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Ceramic fiber composition |
-
1985
- 1985-11-04 DE DE19853539046 patent/DE3539046C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1986
- 1986-01-17 GB GB8601136A patent/GB2185475B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-01-21 FR FR8600787A patent/FR2593194B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-01-23 NL NL8600153A patent/NL8600153A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2593194B1 (en) | 1988-04-29 |
| FR2593194A1 (en) | 1987-07-24 |
| DE3539046C2 (en) | 1993-12-23 |
| GB8601136D0 (en) | 1986-02-19 |
| DE3539046A1 (en) | 1987-05-14 |
| GB2185475B (en) | 1989-10-25 |
| NL8600153A (en) | 1987-08-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19940117 |