GB2182577A - Domestic carbonator - Google Patents

Abstract

A domestic carbonator attachment for carbonating beverages using low pressures comprises a main body 2 having pressure-reducing disc valves 14, 15, an injector piston 18 for actuating the gas flow, a pressure relief valve 30 and a pressure gauge 31. A CO2 bottle is attached at the base 25 whilst an adapter 20, which fits over the beverage container, attaches to the main body via injector 19. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Domestic carbonator This invention relates to a small domestic carbonator and a simple process to obtain maximum results.

Wine and beermaking are becoming increasingly popularwith people who are looking for a hobby or pastime which produces a very enjoyable end product. Apart from wine and beer a large number of mixer drinks are now available, i.e. rum & ola, gin & BR< tonic, etc. With all these drinks the major drawback is sediment in the bottle, afterthe drink has been conditioned inthe bottle. Conditioning the drinkis after the drink has been bottled from the fermenting vessel yeast is allowed to be included, a small quantity of sugar is added, the purpose of this isto restart fermentation forthe sole purpose of producing CO2 to carbonate the beverage which is now in a sealed vessel to retain the pressure.This fermentation takes from three to seven days this is followed by a further period from two to three weeks fortheyeastto settle and the drinkto clear, after all this a major problem still remains, the drink has to handledwith greatcare, and aquantity hasto be thrown away with the sediment. It cannot travel, unless it is given a week or more to clear again.

Pouring has to be with considerable care otherwise the sediment is brought up from the bottom and a large amount wasted, a further problem is often encountered through either under or over carbonation, this occurs when either too much or too little sugar has been added. This results in flat drinks or in over carbonation with the danger of glass bottles bursting orthe drinkfrothing over when the it is poured,this in turn brings the sediment from the bottom thus spoiling a large amount of the drink. With the present invention fermented drinks can either be allowedto stand andclearorcan be filtered clear, then bottled, capped, and carbonated using low pressures.In this way using the ready available P.E.T. bottles the the homebrewer would be able to enjoy his beverages at an earlier date. With none of the present disadvantages of unfiltered drinks with sediment problems being able to bring their homebrewing, soft-drinks more in line with the commercial product.

The P.E.T. bottles are capable of withstanding pressures far in excess of their tested levels 90P.S.I.

for a one litre and 120 P.S.I. for the two litre bottles.

Beers are normally carbonated to two to three volumes-- to 25P.S.l.and soft drinks to 35to47 P.S.I. The thread on the P.E.T. bottles are standard to P.E.T. bottles only. It is not possible to use caps that fit P.E.T. on other types of bottles.

According to the present invention there is provided a domestic carbonator comprising of of a small body which can be of any shape hexagonal round, orsquare and manufactured of plastic or metal. Means for accepting a suitable CO2 bottle.

Several models are needed due to various types of CO2 bottles currently in use in England and North America. Afilter is fitted and drilled discs are used as a reduction valve, there are airways from the reduction valve to the injector, there are outlets from the airways to accept a pressure relief valve and a pressure gauge, the gas flow can be activated by either a lever or by the piston injector. By incorporating a pressure piston and incorporating an adjustment thread between the upper part and the lower body an automatic model with a varible final pressure setting is available. The injector to carry the gas into the bottle, and cap locating cupwhich accepts the bottle cap and guides it on to the injector.

A cap to fit over the injector and form a seal between the cap and the injector, to carry anon-return valve plus high shoulders to keep the washer in the bottle from screwing into the bottle when the cap is tightened. The cap can be either a cap with a centre cone as part of the cap or a cap with a centre cone as an insert. Both carry in the base an O-ring to seal on the injector. Asimple method two preparethe beverage for carbonation a specific embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-- Figure 1 showthe model 1 operated by a side lever 17 and accepts the the small CO2bottlewith a pin valve 23 for gas flow.When the lever 17 is depressed, piston 24 moves forward, the pin valve 23 is opened and flows into the airway 26, piston 24 fits very closely in the airway 26 and acts as a restrictorforthe gasflow,the gas then flows up into the reduction chamber27,throughafilter32thenthroughthe reduction discs Figures 4-14, 15, entering the injector block 28 which has airway 29, at the side and the lower part is smallerthan the reductiom chamber 27 and allows the gas to pass to the pressure valve 30 and the pressure gauge 31, it then passes through the injector 19, into the cap figures 6,7,8,9,--20. and into the bottlethe pressure gauge is now shown only opening. Atthetop ofthe apparatus is opening 22, which is the cap locating cup 22, when the bottle is inverted over the carbonator,the bottlefitsfirmly in the cup 22, and is guided down postively overthe injector 19, ensuring that the operation can be carried out even by young persons without risk of damage or undue wear and tear O-rings are indicated as 34, and the gas compression washers as 33.

Figure2illustratesthe model 2, and is suitablefor CO2, bottles that have separate turn valves. The CO2, bottle is accepted at the base 25, and the reduction chamber 27, is formed when the CO2, bottle is fitted into opening 25, and compresses the lower compression washer 33, gas passes through the filter 32, and through the reduction discs Figures 4, 14,1 5,to the base of the piston 35, which closes on O-ring 34. When the bottle is inserted into the locating cup 22, and passes down the injector 19 it pushes the injector piston 18, down which in turn depresses piston 35, and gas is allowed to flow into the airways through the centre of injector piston 18, and outthe injector 19, gas passes aroundtheside of the piston's narrow bottom pin and passes along the airways 26, to the pressure reliefvalve 30 and pressure gauge 31, the cap locating cup 22 and injector 19, O-rings 34, washers 33, are as model 1, Figure 1, piston 18, is retained in position by a circlip 36, gas is prevented from escaping pass piston 18, by the O-ring 34, fitted to base and side of piston.Piston 35, is a very close fit and acts as a further restrictor and would meteroutany build up of pressure in the space 37, above the reduction discs 14,15.

Figure 3 illustrates models 3, again suitablefor CO2, with separate turn valves, the CO2 bottle is accepted at the base 25, the reduction chamber 27, is formed as with model 2, the gas then flows out ofthe chamber 27, and around the pin section of piston 38, and into the central airway26, flowing up directly againstthe base of piston 35, which raises it and closes off the flow of gas into the injector piston 18, pistons 35 and 38 worktog ether to make the carbonator automatic.The flow of gas is as follows from the CO2 bottle through the reduction valve discs 14,15, into airway 26,to the base of piston 35, the flow then pushes piston 35, into the closed position gas still flows and pressure builds up above piston 38, when the pressure in the space above piston 38, exceeds the spring 39, the piston 38. Is forced down and closes the flow off by compressing O-ring 34 at position 41, air in the chamber beneath piston 38, breathes through an airway 40, when the P.E.T. bottle is being positioned in locating cup 22, piston 18, sited in the base of the cup 22, is depressed and piston 35, in turn is depressed this releases the gas in the space above piston 38, which then rises and gas then flows again fromthe CO2 bottle.When the pressure in the P.E.T. bottle exceeds the spring 39 value piston 38 then closes offthe gas flow again at position 41, when the P.E.T. bottle is removed the pressure above 38,then closes piston 35, again. Gas is allowed to flowto the pressure gauge 31, and pressure relief valve 30, via airways sited between pistons 18 and 35. The position of the locating cup 22 and, circlip 36, positioning ofthe bottle in cup 22 are all the same as model 1,2.The body of the carbonator is divided into three parts - 48,49,50, the parts 48,49, are joined together by a threaded portion and are secured by a small set screw 52, to prevent the two parts unscrewing, but accessible to fit or replace internal parts, these are then joined to part 50, and set screw or threaded pin is then fitted and enters the slot 53, this will restrict the amount that part 49, can be unscrewed and will prevent it being totally unscrewed when gas is flowing, by unscrewing the upper part adjustment can be made to the pressure setting when the upper parts 49,50, are unscrewed, the chamber 55, is from point 54,raised.This lifts the piston 38, and the spring 39, away from the lower body 50, at point 54, this will move the lower pin 56, part of piston 38, higher upthe narrow hole 57, in which itfits. The effect of this is to increase the distancethatthe pin section 56, has to travel down the hole 57,to close off the gas flow at point 41, therefore a greater pressure will be needed in the space above piston 38, to compress the spring 39, a furtheramountto close off at point 41. This will allow the pressure to be varied through a range ofvolume settings i.e. to 50 P.S.I. without having to change the springs.The spring 39, is designed to close off at a maximum of 50,P.S.I. and the pressure reliefvalve isto relieve at 55P.S.I.

Figure 4 illustrates the reduction valve discs 14,15, these are placed in position togetherwith two washers 33, and filter 32, in the opening 25, Figure 2,3, at the base of the models 2,3 or as with model 1, in the reduction chamber 27 beneath the injector block 28 as shown in Figure 1,the discs 14,15, arethe diameter ofthe opening 25, Figure 1,2,3, although a loose fit, disc 14,has a hole 16,drilled to the side and a fine groove 12, of 5 thou of inch depth cut across to pass the centre, disc 15 has a hole 17 in the centre, the two discs are placed together with the grooved 12, face innermost.When in place and are compressed by the CO2 bottle and the gas in the CO2 bottle exerts a further pressure of over 800 P.S.l.thefaces ofthe discs are pressedtogetherwith cqnsiderableforce, gas enters the hole 16, and can only pass through the groove which in fact has now become a 5thou hole/passage to the other hole 17, in disc 15, then into the body ofthe apparatus and to exit through the injector 19, it has been found that the slowertheflow of gas into the bottle greatly assisted in carbonation, a5 thou restrictor was found to be very satisfactory, the discs can be made of plastic or metal and can be removed to clean if necessary.The discs can be placed in the opening 25, in any order, but the groove 12, must be between the two faces the groove 12 from the hole 16, running to the centre will constantly locate across the centre hole 17 thereby eliminating any problem of positioning.

Figures 5,6,7,8,9 illustrates the cap 20, these are threaded to fit P.E.T. bottles only and are deeper than a normal cap the cap 20, can be made in eitheroftwo models the first ofwhich is a cap with a seperate centre cone Figures 5,6,7,-41, or a cap with the cone 42, as a part ofthe cap 20, Figures 8,9, the cap20, has a hole43, in the top to allow the injector 19,to enter the bottle. A seal is made on the injector 19, by means of an O-ring ora rubbercone44, Figures 7,9, this prevents the loss of CO2 as back pressure increases as the bottle pressure increases. A simple non-return valve is at the top ofthe cone 45, and gas flows into the bottlevia a series of fine holes which assist in good carbonation.The valve means that the bottle can be entered to pressurise orto increase the pressure in a bottle of carbonated drinkwithoutthe risk of back - syphoning into the system the cap20, is deeperthan normal to accommodate the centre cone41,42, shown in Figure 2 there is provision for an O-ring 34to be inserted in the base of the cone, rubberwashers 33, are fitted at positions 47, the high shoulders 21, on the cone 41, preventthe washers screwing into the bottle which has a very thin top edge, when the cap is tighten.As shown in Figure 8, the centre cone 42, is an integral part of the cap 20, has provision for an O-ring 34, to be inserted into opening 43, in other respects is the same as cone 41, Figures 5,6,7, Figures 6,7,8, shows the cap locating cup 22, which accepts the inverted bottle into an opening 22, the cap20, fits closely in the opening and the bottle is guided onto the injector 19, insuring a good fitthe injector block Figure 1,28, is screwed into the base of the locating cup or the injector piston Figures 2,3, 18, is sited in the base ofthe locating cup 22, and is secured byacirclip36, Figure 10, shows the injector piston 18/19. Which is sited at the base ofthe locating cup 22, Figures 2,3, it's function is to enterthe bottle via cap 20, and to form a seal with the O-ring 34, sited at the base ofthe centre cone 41,42, Figures 5,6,7,8,9, and forthe gas to pass through the non-return valve 45, into the beverage, it's other function is as on/off device, when it is pressed down by the bottle it in turn depresses the piston 35, Figure 2, and activates the gas flow when the bottle is removed both pistons rise and the flow of gas is cut off, the injector block Figure 1,28 does not act as an on/off, but is part of the reduction chamber 27 Figure 1, and is used to compress the discs 14/15, Figure 1, gas is allowed toflowthrough airway 29, Figure 1 to the pressure reliefvalveand the pressure gauge30 and 31, otherwise the injector 19, performs as previously stated a simple process should be followed for good carbonation this applies to beer, wine, or soft drinks, only the amount of CO2 will vary. Based on a one litre bottle larger orsmaller will be multiples, fill with 900of beverage this will leave space for agitation care at this poi nt shou Id be taken not to aerate the liquid, especia l ly with soft- drinks. The addition ofthe syrup will increase the density of the liquid and shou Id help to de-aeratethe liquid.The two factors that most affectcarbonation are temperature and air. CO2 absorption varysfrom 1 .7 volumes at 32"Fto 1 volume at60*F. Regarding airone partofairdissolved in the drinkwill keep fifty parts CO2 out of solution. Since wine or beer should not contain air only CO2the problem is not so acute, but care should be taken when filling. Fill the bottles with 900cc of drink and lightly capped.The bottles can belefttostandforafewminutesthengently tapped on thetablethis will help to bring airtothe surface, the process ca l ls for the fol lowi ng proceedure, the lightly capped P.E.T. bottles squeezed, compressed, or pressed in the hand or in a device to bring the liquid ordrink/beverage or contents ofthe P.E.T. bottle to the top of the P.E.T.

bottle the cap is then tightened or screwed uptight on the bottle this should remove the airfromthe bottie, byturning the bottle on it's side it can be seen if all the air has been forced or removed from the bottle, should bubbles be seen or appear on the side ofthe bottle, return the bottletothe upright position loosen the cap and exert a little more pressure, until the liquid starts to break oroverflowaround the cap, the cap istightened or closed. When the air has been removed or excluded, the bottle is given a small injection of CO2 to bring the bottle back to shape again.The drinks should now be chilled to as lowa temperature as to 32 Fwhen the drink is chilled it can then be carbonated using a low pressure technique, the bottle is inverted in to the carbonator and gas flowed into the bottle. At this lowtemperature as the gas bubbles through the beverage, it will absorp a considerable amount of the CO2, when the pressure reaches 45-50P.S.I. On the gauge the bottle should be removed and agitated, this is best achieved by shaking the bottle in a horizontal direction, hence the needforairspace in the bottle. It will be found that the bottle will soften as the CO2 is absorped bythe beverage it can now be recharged either once or twice more until the required pressure is reached at equilibrium. Each time the drink is carbonated and shaken moreandmoreCO2will be absorped, and as the pressure drops after shaking more CO2 can be added until the correct number of volumes or pressure has been reached. The pressure reliefvalve can be an indicatorthat a certain pressure has been reached when it starts to relieve and gas would start to whistle out of it. By fitting a suitable adaptorto accept a cap 20 kegs or barrels can be carbonated to keep the beer in them in condition.

Figure 11 illustrate the position ofthe various outlets or openings, looking down on the locating cup22, 25 C02 bottle opening, 17 lever model 1,19 injector, 18 injector piston, 28 injector block, 24 lever piston Figure 1, model 1.30 pressure reliefvalve,31 pressure gauge,

Claims (20)

CLAIMS 1. According to the present invention there is provided a domestic carbonator comprising of a small body which can be of any shape hexagonal,round, or square, and manufactured in either plastic or metal, means for accepting a suitable CO2 bottle several models are needed due to the various types of CO2 bottles currently in use in England and North America, a filter is fitted, and drilled discs are used as a reduction valve, there are airways from the filter and reduction valve to the injector, there are airways to outlets to accept a pressure gauge and a pressure rel ief valve. The gas flow can be activated by either a level oran injector piston, by incorporating a pressure piston a fully automatic model is available.The injectorto carry the gas into the bottle and a cap locating cupwhich accepts the bottle and guides onto the injector a cap to fit over the injectorto incorporate a non-return valve and to keep in position the sealing washer in the cap, the cap can be either a one piece unit or a cap and a seperate centre cone, both ofwhich will incorporate an O-ring for sealing on to the injector. A simple method to prepare the beverage for carbonation. 2. A domestic carbonator as claimed in 1 wherein an opening to accept a CO2 bottle. 3. Adomesticcarbonatoras claimed in claim 1 and 2 wherein a reduction valve means is provided in a formed reduction chamber by means of discs which are drilled and grooved. 4. A domestic carbonatoras claimed in any preceding claim means to control the flow of gas and to enter a sealed bottle to pressurise it by means of an injector piston or an injector block. 5. A domestic carbonator as claimed in any preceding claim providing means for easy location of the bottle on the injector and to prevent damage to the injector or caps with a cap locating cup. 6. A domestic carbonator as claimed in any preceding claim providing means for the injectorto enter the bottle and seal to prevent gas leaks, to act as a non- return valve to allow multiple injections orto allow re-carbonation by means ofthe cap and the centre cone. 7. A domestic carbonator as claimed in any preceding claim providing a method to exclude the airfrom the bottle either by hand or in a device to bring the liquidtothetop ofthe bottle and excluding all the air in the bottle 8. A domestic carbonator as claimed in any preceding claim a means is provided by the use of a series of pressure pistons and pistons, injector pistons to provide a fully automatic carbonating apparatus that will reach a certain or given pressure governed by the pressure piston and spring will stop the flow of gas, and will control the on-offflow of gas to the unitto be pressurised, 9.A domestic carbonator as claimed in any preceding claim wherein -means to carbonate to a required number of volumes according to the type of beverage by means of multipletinjections at low pressures in relation to a pressure gauge not exceeding 60P.S.I. which would reduce to a lower equilibrium pressure. 10. A domestic carbonator as claimed in any preceding claim wherein means providing an adjustment to vary the pressure setting byturning the upper part round thereby lengthening the movement of the pressure piston which will increase or decrease the amount of pressure required to close the pressure piston down on the lowerapertureto shuttheflowofgas off. 11. A domestic carbonate substantially as described herein with reference to Figures 1-11 of the accompanying drawings. Amendments to the claims have been filed, and have the following effect: (a) Ciaims 1 to 11 above have been deleted or textually amended. (b) New ortextually amended claims have been filed asfollows:

1. Acarbonating apparatus comprising ashellor casing having a gas supply means in the base, the said gassupplywhen activated passes through a filter, upwards through two drilled and grooved discs located at this level with the said filter, said discs combinetogetherto form a reducing device to reduce the flow of gas from said gas supply, this said gas will flow upwards through an airway or passage, located in the said airway are three pistons rising directly one above the other, and combine with the said airway in controlling and directing the flow of said gas upwards through the said carbonator apparatus, the said three pistons provide upward flow of said gas eitherthrough or around the said pistons in this order of precedence, from the lower part ofthe said airway entering at the side and up through the centre ofthe lower of the three said pistons, this said lower piston is mounted on a spring and at a set pressure said piston closes off the said gas flow, gas flowing from this said lower piston passes upwards in the said airway and around the centre piston of the three said pistons, the upward flow of gas pushes this said centre piston into the closed position, gas flow is only activated when this said centre piston is depressed, the uppermost ofthe three said piston is the injector piston wherein the gas flows through the centre of this said piston upwards,thesaid piston provides atthe upper extremity an injector needle to enter through the cap of a bottle as it is lowered onto said injector needle striking a protruding shoulder at the base of said injector needle and depressing the said injector piston, asthethree said pistons are in direct or indirect communication with each other gas flows when the said injector piston is depressed this will then depress the said piston releasing the gas pressure above the said lower piston which will rise on its spring allowing the said gas to flow upwards, until either the correct pressure is reached in the bottle orthe bottle is removed and said injector piston rises allowing the said centre piston to rise and close off said gas supply, sealing faces are in the said airway for the lower centre pistons to seal and o-rings are positioned to effect said seal and around injector piston to seal and direct out onlythrough said injector needle, a cap locating up is sited atthe top ofthe said carbonating apparatus and is of a diameter and depth to accept a P.E.T. bottle cap, the shoulder and injector needle of the said injector piston protrude into the bottom ofthe locating cup, when a bottle to be carbonated is inverted and directed into the said locating cup it is accurately guided onto the said injector needle and down onto the said shoulderto depress the said injector piston, activating the gas flow into the bottle, the said locating cup will provide supportforthe inverted bottle as it is carbonated, the cap has a hole in the centre of size to permit the said injector needle to pass through, an insert is positioned directly inside the cap, this has a variety offunctions to perform in the cap, a well is sited in the base of said insert and an o-ring is positioned in the said well between the said insert and the cap forming a seal when the cap is screwed onto a bottle, this said o-ring also provides meansfor a seal on the said injector needle as it passes through cap into said insert, a small trunking rises from the said insert and will accept the entry of the said injector needle, a non-return valve is fitted to the end of said trunking, this permits entry into the bottle only, when the said injector needle has entered the said insertand sealed onthe o-ring this hasthe effect of creating a sealed chamber from the said gas supply through the said airway and pistons to the said non-return valve, a shoulder on the said insert at the base of the said trunking prevents internal bottle sealing washers screwing into the bottle when the cap istightened, airways branching from said airway provide means for a pressure relief valve and pressure gauge, a process is required to obtain maximum results, before carbonating the liquid can be warmed to de-aerate and the bottle deformed by squeezing to remove the ai r from the bottle, a balance between the amount of liquid and the space for CO2 in the bottle, the bottle is inverted and placed in the said carbonator and held in position until the said gas is shut off by action of the said pistons, removed, agitated and re-carbonated several times more.

A second aspect of the invention provides for a carbonating apparatus to function by means of a lever and a piston to operate a pin valve on a gas supply, the said injector piston is replaced by an injector blockwhich has an injector needle which functions as previouslydescribed herein, and asto process herein, a pressure reliefvalve acts as an indicator to stop carbonating.

2. A carbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the apparatus has an opening to accept a compressed gas cylinder containing CO2 to supply said carbonator.

3. Acarbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein a filter is placed in said opening between the gas cylinderand the carbonating apparatustofilter out small particles of dirt, or of liquid CO2 passing into the apparatus.

4. A carbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein a reduction valve means is provided by discs which are drilled and one disc has a groove cut from the holetothecentre, this groove forms a small hole between the discs from one hole to the other, these discs are placed in said opening between the filter and the carbonator, these discs greatly reduce the flow of CO2 into the carbonator.

5. Acarbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein a small airway is drilled from the opening to accept the gas cylinder, through the centre ofthe carbonating apparatus shell up to the base of the cap locating cup, airways branch out to the sides ofthe shell art a specific pointfora pressure gauge and a pressure relief valve to be fitted and are intended to be in communication with pressures within the apparatus.

6. Acarbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein the said airway is enlarged at specific points to accept three pistons, the airway and pistons providemeansforthegastoflowfromthesupply cylinder, after filtering and being reduce, in a controlled flow to the bottle to be carbonated, the pistons rise one above the other and are in either direct or indirect communication with each other, and gas flows through the lower piston, around the centre piston and through the upper piston.

7. Acarbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 6 wherein the upper piston which is the injector piston has an injector needle to pass through the hole in the cap and into the insert, sealing on an o-ring and directing the gas flow into the bottle.

8. Acarbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein the injector piston has a protruding shoulder at the base ofthe injector needle and protrudes into the base ofthe cap locating cup,the shoulder is struck by the bottle cap as it passes down the injector needle, the injector piston is depressed and gas flow activated.

9. Acarbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein the injector piston provides the meansto activate gas flow when depressed and co-ordinates the functions ofthe other two pistons, is in direct contact with the centre piston, thus when the injector piston is depressed it in turn depresses the centre piston to activate the gas flow, the control of pressure to be reached is controlled by the lower piston which closes off the gas flow at a given pressure, thus three pistons are mounted one above the other in either direct or indirect communication with each other, each having a separate function which performed by the initiating action of another piston.

10. Acarbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein a locating cup is sited at the top of the apparatus with means to accept the inverted bottle cap, and guide said cap accurately on to the injector needle and shoulder of injector piston located in the base of the locating cup, and provide supporttothe bottle being carbonated.

11. A carbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein an insert provides means to fit inside a bottle cap, the said bottle cap having a hole in the centre to allow the injector needle to pass into the insert, provision for an o-ring to fit in the base of the insertto seal on the injector needle, a shoulder is provided by the insert to prevent bottle washers screwing into the bottle, the tubular portion of the insert accepts internallythe injector needle and sited at the end ofthetubular portion is a non-return valve to accept entry into the bottle of gas and to seal contents ofthe bottle, this arrangements means that in effect two separate chambers have been formed within the one pressuring system.

12. Acarbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein two separate sealed chambers are formed when the bottle with an insert within the cap is inverted into the locating cup, a seal isformed between the apparatus and the bottle by the o-ring in the insert, effecting a sealed chamber within the airway of the apparatus between the gas supply and the bottle insert, the second chamber is within the bottle, the pressure within the apparatus is controlled either by the lower piston or by a pressure relief valve, the pressure in the bottle is controlled by the first pressure, less 10 p.s.i. required to open non-return valve, this provides means for the bottle to be removed or returned to the apparatus at any stageofcarbonation or any number of times.

13. Acarbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 12 wherein the use of two sealed chambers means to carbonate any type of liquid based on the pre-mix method ofthe liquid ingredients.

14. Acarbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein a process means to maximisecarbonation, the soft P.E.T. bottle is deformed by squeezing the bottle by hand ordeviceto bring the liquid contents ofthe bottleto the top to evacuate all the air contained in the bottle.

15. A carbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 14 wherein the deformed bottle can be further treated by warming the bottle and contents, the liquid is further de-aerated and air bubbles that form within the bottle are removed by squeezing and deforming the bottle further.

16. Acarbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 14 wherein the liquid contents ofthe bottle are restricted to a level which is at least 100cc below the given content level of the bottle, the space so left provides means for CO2 reservior, for CO2 to build up to a pressure controlled by the apparatus, which can be later dissolved into the liquid by removing the bottle from the apparatus and agitating the bottle.

17. Acarbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein a second aspect ofthe apparatus the gas flow is activated by a lever and one piston to operate a cylinderwith a pin valve.

18. A carbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 17 wherein a pressure reliefvalve provides means to indicate a given pressure within the apparatus by exposing a partofthe piston before pressure causes the valve to relieve, when the piston exposes, the activating lever is released to prevent gas loss.

19. A carbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 17 wherein an injector blockwith injector needle replaces the injector piston.

20. A carbonating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein a small tulip shaped device can be used to deform the bottle and remove the air from the bottle.