GB2128089A - Synergistic herbicide emulsion - Google Patents
Synergistic herbicide emulsion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2128089A GB2128089A GB08228986A GB8228986A GB2128089A GB 2128089 A GB2128089 A GB 2128089A GB 08228986 A GB08228986 A GB 08228986A GB 8228986 A GB8228986 A GB 8228986A GB 2128089 A GB2128089 A GB 2128089A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- water
- emulsion
- herbicide
- butachlor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N37/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof containing the group; Thio analogues thereof
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an emulsion formulation of butachlor herbicide wherein the active ingredient, i.e., butachlor is dispersed in a water carrier, said water carrier containing an emulsifier, to form an oil/water emulsion.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Synergistic herbicide emulsion
Background of the invention
Butachlor is the common name for 2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide herbicide which is an effective herbicide for the pre-emergence control of most annuai grasses and certain broadleaf weeds in both seeded and transplanted rice grown in certain Asian, South American, European and African countries.
Butachlor herbicide is commercially available as an emulsifiable concentrate formulation sold under the tradename Machetes EC by the Monsanto Company. An emulsifiable concentrate is a formulation containing the active ingredient, i.e., butachlor, dissolved in an organic solvent with added emulsifiers.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, emulsifiable concentrate formulations have the disadvantage that they contain an organic solvent, i.e., a petroleum based solvent. As the price of crude petroleum escalates, so does the cost of organic solvents. Shortages of crude petroleum may occur resulting in a shortage of petroleum by-products making organic solvents difficult to obtain. Further, organic solvents are often irritants to the skin or eyes when handled, they may be hazardous from the aspect that the organic solvent may be quite flammable and they are often detrimental to the environment.
Accordingly, a herbicidal formulation which eliminates the necessity of an organic solvent and uses only water as the carrier for the active ingredient is highly desirable in that the use of expensive and/or scarce organic solvents is eliminated and the possibility of skin and/or eye irritation and hazards due to flammability are reduced or eliminated.
It is accordingly the object of this invention to provide an emulsion formulation of butachlor, 2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl) acetanilide which consists of the active ingredient butachlor, dispersed in a water carrier with added emulsifiers. Unexpectedly, the emulsion formulations described herein provide superior weed control when compared to the known prior art Machete EC formulation and an increase in crop yield on a kilogram per hectare basis.
While the exact forces or interactions which lead to the superior synergistic emulsion formulations of this invention are not known, one possible explanation is that the emulsion formulations of this invention are more compatable with water when mixed in the field and, accordingly, the emulsion formulation mixes with water more quickly and has superior dispersion properties than the traditional emulsifiable concentrate formulation.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention relates to an aqueous emulsion formulation of butachlor herbicide, i.e., the active herbicidal ingredient, butachlor is dispersed in a water carrier containing certain emulsifiers to form a two-phase system consisting of an organic phase containing the butachlor herbicide and an aqueous or water phase.
The synergistic herbicidal emulsion formulation of the present invention consists essentially of the following components:
Ingredient % by Weight
A. Butachlor 30.0 - 70.0
B. Emulsifer 0.75- 5.0
C. Formulation
Adjuvants 0 - 15.0
D. H2O Balance
Total 100.0
As used herein, butachlor is understood as being the common name for 2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N
(butoxymethyl)acetanilide herbicide and is the active ingredient in the emulsion formulations described herein. The emulsion formulations described herein will contain from 30.0 to 70.0 percent by weight of
butachlor, preferably from 40.0 to 55.0 percent by weight and most preferably 47.5 to 50.0 percent by weight.
The term "emulsifier" as used herein, refers to the class of nonionic emulsifiers generically known as block co-polymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide. While the precise nature of such emulsifiers is generally
proprietary to the manufacturers of said nonionic emulsifers, in general, they will have the formula
where R is equal to alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl; n is approximately equal to 1250 and m is approximately equal to 2200 for an approximate molecular weight of 3500. As used herein the term "alkyl" refers to a straight or branched chain alkyl containing 1-5 carbon atoms. The term "aryl" refers to an aromatic group containing 6-12 carbon atoms, e.g., phenyl or naphthyl. The term "alkylaryl" refers to an alkyl substituted phenyl group wherein the alkyl group may be straight or branched chain and which may contain 1-20 carbon atoms.
Similar block co-polymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide are known in the art which have a molecular weight of approximately 3500, which are formed by polymerizing the required quantity of propylene oxide and then adding ethylene oxide.
The above-described emulsifiers are readily available and are exemplified by, for example, "Tergitol" XH and XD, the tradenames of polyalkylene glycol ether nonionic emulsifiers available from Union Carbide
Corporation, Chemicals and Plastics, 270 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017 U.S.A.; "Flo Mo XHA", the tradename for the block co-polymer propyiene oxide and ethylene oxide manufactured by Sellers Chemical
Corp., 1320 Sams Ave., P.O. Box 23523, Harahan, Louisiana 70183, U.S.A.; and "Pluronic P-65", the tradename of a propylene oxide/ethylene oxide block co-polymer, manufactured by BASF Wyandotte Corp.,
Textile Colors & Chem. Dept., 100 Cherry Hill Road, Parsippany, N. 07054, U.S.A.
There are many emulsifiers of the type described above known in the art and such emulsifiers may be found in McCUTCHEON's Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American Ed., 1980 Annual, McCutcheon
Division, MC Publishing Co., 175 Rock Road, Glenrock, New Jersey 07542, U.S.A.
The concentration of the emulsifier present in the emulsion formulations described herein will range from 0.75 to 5.0 percent by weight, preferably from 1.5 to 3.5 percent by weight and most preferably at 2.0 percent by weight.
The term "formulation adjuvants" as used herein, refers to minor quantities of one or more components such as dyes, e.g., methyl violet, density balancing agents, e.g., sodium chloride, calcium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and the like, antifreeze agents, for example, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, anti-foam agents, for example, silicone anti-foam agents, anti-bacterial agents and the like.
It may be desirable to incorporate such components into the emulsion formulation described herein if it is to be stored for any extended period of time prior to use, particularly under adverse storage conditions.
The concentration of such formulation adjuvants present in the synergistic emulsion of the present invention will range from 0 to 15.0 percent by weight preferably from 0 to 5.0 percent by weight.
The superior, synergistic emulsion formulation of the present invention is prepared by a novel process which consists essentially of the following steps:
1) mixing the emulsifying agent which is in molten form with the water carrier, said water being at cool or ambient temperature and agitating said mixture until said emulsifying agent is dissolved;
2) adding with agitation to the mixture of Step 1, butachlor herbicide and continuing said agitation until said butachlor herbicide is dispersed throughout the mixture of Step 1 to form an emulsion; and
3) homogenizing said emulsions using a homognization means.
As used herein, the term "homogenizing means" refers to any mechanical means which is sufficient to produce the degree of shear sufficient to form an homogenized emulsion. Examples of such homogenizing means are: "Colloid Mill, Ross Mill, Waring Blender, "Tekmar" manufactured by the Tekmar Co., P. O. Box 37202, Cincinnati, Ohio 45222, U.S.A, "Gaulin" homogenizer, available from the Gaulin Corporation, 33
Gordon Street, Everett, Mass. 02419, U.S.A.
In order that those skilled in the art may more completely understand the present invention and the preferred methods by which the same may be carried into effect, the following specific examples are offered.
Example 1
Component % by Weight GramslLiter 61.78 644.49
Butachlor (93.1%)t Tergitol XH2 2.00 20.86
Water 36.22 377.85
Total 100.0 1043.20 1Technical grade butachlor was used in this example.
2Tergitol XH is a solid, polyalkylene glycol ether, nonionic surfactant manufactured by Union Carbide Corp.
71.41 Kg of water at room temperature was charged to a batch tank. 3.95 Kg. of the "Tergitol XH" surfactant was melted and thereafter added to the water with agitation. Agitation was continued until all the surfactant was dissolved. 121.81 Kg. of technical grade butachlor was added to the waterlemulsifier mixture over a period of 5 minutes. Agitation was continued until all the butachlor was dispersed in the water/emulsifier mixture. Thereafter the mixture was homogenized using a high speed Tekmar homogenizer at about 1800 psig.
Example 2
Component %byWeight Grams/Liter
Butachlor (91.2%) 52.89 548.26
Flo Mo XHA1 2.00 20.73
Water 45.11 467.61
Total 100.0 1036.60 1Technical grade butachlorwas used in this example.
2Flo Mo XHA is a block co-polymer of propylene oxide/ethylene oxide manufactured by Seilers Chemical
Corporation.
24.81 Kg. of distilled water at room temperature was charged to a batch tank.1.1100 Kg. of Flo Mo XHAws melted and added to the water with agitation. Agitation was continued until all the emulsifier was dissolved.
29.09 Kg. of butachlor (91.2%) was added to the water/emulsifier mixture over a period of 5 minutes with agitation. Agitation was continued until the butachlor was dispersed evenly throughout the water/emulsifier mixture and an oil/water emulsion was formed. The emulsion was homogenized using a Tekmar homogenizer.
Utilizing the procedure described in Example 1, the following emulsions were prepared.
Example 3
Component % by Weight Grams/Liter
Butachlor (89%) 50.37 539.3
Tergitol XH 3.50 37.5
Calcium Chloride 46.13 493.9
(8.2% aqueous solution)
100.00 1070.7
Example 4
Component %byWeight Grams/Liter Butachlor (89%) 50.42 539.3
Tergitol XD 2.00 21.4
Calcium Chloride 47.58 509.0
(8.2% aqueous solution)
100.00 1069.7
Example 5
Component % by Weight Grams/Liter Butachlor (89%) 63.03 671.27
Tergitol XH 1.00 10.65
Calcium Chloride 35.97 383.08
(8.2% aqueous solution)
100.00 1064.90
Example 6
Example 6
Component % by Weight Grams/Liter
Butachlor (90%) 49.68 533.36
Tergitol XD 7.00 75.15
Calcium Chloride 43.32 465.08
(8.2% aqueous solution)
100.00 1073.59
The synergistic action of the emulsion formulation of the present invention is illustrated by the following examples.It will be seen that, unexpectedly, the synergistic emulsion formulation of this invention exhibits superior weed control when compared to a commercially available Machete EC formulation, i.e., a formulation containing as the active ingredient 527 grams of technical grade butachlor (92.0%) per kilogram of formulation, which is equivalent to 500 grams of active ingredient per liter of formulation. Additionally, rice fields treated with the emulsion formulation of this invention yielded more rice per hectare than did fields treated with Machete EC.
Example 7
Rice plant seedlings were planted in plots 18 square meters in size. The herbicide treatment was thereafter applied to the plots as shown below. There were three replications for each treatment. The active ingredient, i.e.. the herbicide, was applied to the soil as a sandmix. Machete EC and the emulsion formulation of
Example 2 were applied to the soil at 0.75 and 1.25 Kg of active ingredient (butachlor) per hectare. Three plots were planted which received no herbicide treatment and these plots served as the control. Visual assessment of weed control was carried out at 40 days after treatment and the results recorded as % inhibition. The results are summarized in Table I.
TABLE I
% Inhibition
Formulation Grasses Sedges Broadleaves
Emulsion Formulation of 86 83 87
Example 2 (500 g active/
liter) Machetee EC 83 83 85
(500 g active/liter)
The above results demonstrate that the emulsion formulation of the present invention provides 2% better control of broadleaf weed species and 3% better control of grass weed species than does the comparable prior art Machete EC formulation.
Example 8
Rice fields treated with the butachlor emulsion formulation of Example 2 were compared to rice fields treated with Machete EC and also to rice fields which had no chemical treatment but were hand-weeded. The fields were harvested and the average yields in Kg/Ha were compared. The test was conducted according the the following procedure.
Rice plant seedlings were planted in plots, 30-40 square meters in size. The plots were flooded with 5-10 cm of standing water.
The experimental treatments were as follows:
Rate
Treatment Kg/Ha
1. Emulsion Formulation of 1.25
Example 2 1.75
2.25
2. Machete EC 1.25
1.75
2.25
3. Control - Handweeded plots -
The herbicide was applied as a sandmixwith the active ingredient being applied at rates shown above. The rice plants were allowed to mature and were thereafter harvested using conventional techniques. The yield for each experimental treatment at each rate of application was averaged to given an overall yield per treatment. The results are summarized in Table II.
TABLE II
Yield of Rice % Increase over
Treatment Kg/Ha Control
Emulsion Formulation 5210 8.0
of Example 2 (500 g active/l iter) Machete EC (500 g 5033 4.3 active/l iter) Control (hand weeded) 4826
As shown in Table II, rice fields treated with the butachlor emulsion formulation of the present invention yielded an average increase of 8.0% per hectare as compared to hand-weeded rice fields and an average increase of 3.7% over rice fields tested with Machete EC formulation.
The results summarized in Tables I and II indicate that the butachlor emulsion formulations of the present invention are unexpectedly superior to the known Machete EC formulation in that the emulsion formulations of the invention provide superior grass and broadleaf weed control and also crop yield is increased.
The emulsion formulations described herein may be applied in the usual manner using conventional techniques and equipment. For example, the emulsion formulations of the present invention may be sprayed or sprinkled using a "Shaker Bottle"; alternatively, the emulsion formulations described herein may be mixed on a sand carrier and the sand granules may thereafter be applied to the soil. In general, in order to obtain effective weed control 0.75-1.875 Kg per hectare of active ingredient, i.e., butachlor, should be applied per hectare of soil; preferably, 0.75-1.25 Kg/Ha.
It will be appreciated that the instant specification and examples set forth by way of illustration and not limitation, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A herbicidal emulsion composition consisting essentially ofthe following components:
(A) from 30.0 to 70.0% by weight of 2-chloro-2'-6'-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide herbicide;
(B) from 0.75 to 5.0% by weight of a polyalkylene glycol ether emulsifier;
(C) from 0 to 15.0% by weight of formulation adjuvant; and
(D) balance being made up of water.
2. A herbicidal emulsion according to Claim 1 having the following components:
(A) 47.5 to 50.0% by weight of 2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide herbicide;
(B) 1.5 - 3.5% by weight of polyalkylene glycol ether emulsifier;
(C) 0 - 5.0% by weight of a formulation adjuvant selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and methyl violet;
(D) balance being made up of water.
3. A herbicidal emulsion according to Claim 1 having the following components: (A) 48.0% by weight 2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide herbicide;
(B) 2.0% by weight of polyalkylene glycol ether emulsifier; and
(C) balance being made up of water.
4. A herbicidal emulsion according to Claim 2 wherein said formulation adjuvant is calcium chloride.
5. A process for preparing a synergistic herbicidal emulsion composition which process comprises the steps of:
(1) mixing with agitation from 1.5 to 5.0 percent by weight of a polyalkylene glycol ether emulsifier which is in molten form with from 20.0 to 53.5 percent by weight of a water carrier, said water carrier being maintained at from 15 C to room temperature wherein said agitation is maintained until said emulsifier is dissolved;
(2) adding, with agitation, to the mixture of Step 1 from 45.0 to 60.0% by weight of 2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl
N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide herbicide wherein said agitation is continued until said herbicide is dispersed throughout the mixture of Step 1 and an emulsion is formed; and
(3) homogenizing said emulsion.
6. A process according to Claim 5 wherein said water carrier contains 0-5% by weight of a formulation adjuvant selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and methyl violet.
7. A process according to Claim 6 wherein said formulation adjuvant is calcium chloride.
8. A process according to Claim 5 wherein the concentration of said emulsifier is 2.0% by weight; wherein the concentration of said herbicide is 48.2% by weight.
9. A process according to Claim 5 wherein the temperature of said water carier is maintained at room temperature.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08228986A GB2128089B (en) | 1982-10-11 | 1982-10-11 | Synergistic herbicide emulsion |
| SG6587A SG6587G (en) | 1982-10-11 | 1987-01-28 | Synergistic herbicide emulsion |
| HK62187A HK62187A (en) | 1982-10-11 | 1987-08-27 | Synergistic herbicide emulsion |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08228986A GB2128089B (en) | 1982-10-11 | 1982-10-11 | Synergistic herbicide emulsion |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2128089A true GB2128089A (en) | 1984-04-26 |
| GB2128089B GB2128089B (en) | 1986-07-16 |
Family
ID=10533523
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08228986A Expired GB2128089B (en) | 1982-10-11 | 1982-10-11 | Synergistic herbicide emulsion |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2128089B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK62187A (en) |
| SG (1) | SG6587G (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5889088A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1999-03-30 | Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. | Composite particle aqueous suspension and process for producing same |
-
1982
- 1982-10-11 GB GB08228986A patent/GB2128089B/en not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-01-28 SG SG6587A patent/SG6587G/en unknown
- 1987-08-27 HK HK62187A patent/HK62187A/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5889088A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1999-03-30 | Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. | Composite particle aqueous suspension and process for producing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HK62187A (en) | 1987-09-04 |
| SG6587G (en) | 1988-05-20 |
| GB2128089B (en) | 1986-07-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19931011 |