GB2118985A - Gasket material and method of manufacture thereof - Google Patents
Gasket material and method of manufacture thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2118985A GB2118985A GB08302281A GB8302281A GB2118985A GB 2118985 A GB2118985 A GB 2118985A GB 08302281 A GB08302281 A GB 08302281A GB 8302281 A GB8302281 A GB 8302281A GB 2118985 A GB2118985 A GB 2118985A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- gasket material
- slurry
- cellulose fibers
- soft sheet
- mica
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- QYFRTHZXAGSYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hexaaluminum dipotassium dioxosilane oxygen(2-) difluoride hydrate Chemical compound O.[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[F-].[F-].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O QYFRTHZXAGSYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KDCBMKGLWDIWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl carbamate nickel Chemical compound C(N)(OCCCC)=O.[Ni] KDCBMKGLWDIWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002153 concerted effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K3/1025—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers characterised by non-chemical features of one or more of its constituents
- C09K3/1028—Fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
- D21H13/38—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
- D21H13/44—Flakes, e.g. mica, vermiculite
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
- F16J15/102—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing characterised by material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/02—Inorganic compounds
- C09K2200/0204—Elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/02—Inorganic compounds
- C09K2200/0204—Elements
- C09K2200/0208—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/02—Inorganic compounds
- C09K2200/0239—Oxides, hydroxides, carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/02—Inorganic compounds
- C09K2200/0243—Silica-rich compounds, e.g. silicates, cement, glass
- C09K2200/0265—Mica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/06—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers
- C09K2200/0607—Rubber or rubber derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/06—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers
- C09K2200/0607—Rubber or rubber derivatives
- C09K2200/0612—Butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/06—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers
- C09K2200/0645—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers obtained otherwise than by reactions involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/06—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers
- C09K2200/0645—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers obtained otherwise than by reactions involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09K2200/067—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- C09K2200/0672—Phenol-aldehyde condensation polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/06—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers
- C09K2200/0692—Fibres
- C09K2200/0697—Cellulose fibres
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Abstract
A soft sheet gasket material comprises 50 to 75% by weight monoclinic mica (Muscovite) and 2 to 20% cellulosic fibers, and an organic binder. It may contain fillers, pigments, curatives and processing agents but is free of asbestos. It can be made by adding the micra particles to an aqueous slurry of the fibres after beating, and the material is then formed on paper-making equipment. This gasket material has properties comparable to those of asbestos- containing materials heretofore used without the health problems associated with such materials.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Gasket material and method for the manufacture thereof
This invention relates to gasket material and the method of manufacture thereof. More particularly, this invention relates to soft sheet gasket material which is composed primarily of common monoclinic mica (Muscovite) and cellulose fibers, the gasket material being free of asbestos fibers.
For many years, gasket materials for many important uses have contained asbestos fibers.
Asbestos fibers have been uniquely suited for gasket materials because asbestos fibers impart to the gasket material critically important performance and structural features, such as heat resistance, good sealability and good mechanical properties such as compressability, creep resistance and tensile strength. Asbestos fibers have also been desirable not only because of their structural and performance features, but also because of their low cost.
As the result of recent concerns about the health hazards of asbestos fibers, concerted efforts have been made to produce asbestos-free gasket materials. However, the highly desirable objective has not been achieved merely by substituting other fibers for asbestos fibers. Regardless of cost considerations, no substitute has yet been found which can replace asbestos fibers and still produce gasket materials of comparable characteristics. Thus especially for some critical applications, it has been necessary up to now to continue to use asbestos fibers in many gasket materials.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a soft sheet gasket material comprising, by weight 50% to 75% monoclinic mica particles, and 2% to 20% cellulose fibers. Quite surprisingly and unexpectedly, this gasket material composed primarily of common monoclinic mica (Muscovite) and cellulose fibers is capable of providing performance and structural characteristics essentially equal to or better than asbestos containing gasket materials, and the gasket material of this invention is, in general, the functional equivalent of and can be substituted for asbestos containing gasket materials, at least at temperatures up to about 2050C.
The gasket materials of the present invention may be formed by adding the materials in predetermined order in the beater addition process and then forming the gasket material on conventional papermaking machinery, such as a cylinder machine or a Fourdrinier machine, heretofore used to make asbestos containing gasket materials. The gasket material may then be cut to form gaskets of desired shape. Since there are no asbestos fibers, the health hazards previously of concern in forming, handling and cutting asbestos containing material are eliminated.
The soft sheet gasket material of the present invention is preferably composed of the following constituent materials (it being understood in all discussions of weight percentages that reference is to percents of solid materials in the aqueous slurry prior to formation or the percents of solid material in the final product)::
Table 1
% (by weight of
Material solid material)
Muscovite (monoclinic mica, H2KAI3(SiO4)3) 50-75 Cellulose fiber 220% (preferably 5-1 5%) Binder, filler and others 1035% With regard to the general composition set forth in Table 1, it is critically important that this weight percentage of cellulose fibers not exceed 20%, and preferably not exceed 15%, and the weight percentage of mica should not be less than 50%, and preferably not less than 55%. If these maximum and minimum limitations are not maintained, the gasket material will not have performance, physical and economic features equivalent to asbestos containing gasket materials.
One of the most critical performance parameters of soft sheet gasket material (and gaskets formed therefrom) is its ability to perform in high temperature environments, or stated in another way, its ability to resist degradation after exposure to elevated temperatures. This high temperature characteristic must, however, be coupled with good structural and mechanical properties. Cellulose fibers are known to have some good mechanical properties (such as tensile strength) but are also known to have very poor high temperature properties. Therefore, in searching for substitutes for asbestos fibers, cellulose fibers have heretofore been rejected as a possible substitute because it was thought that they would put a very severe upper temperature limitation of no greater than 1 500C on the gasket material.However, it has been discovered that by limiting the amount of cellulose fibers in a composition with a large amount of monoclinic mica, a gasket material is produced which has the desirable mechanical and structural features of the cellulose fibers while still having high temperature characteristics. The upper limit of cellulose fibers is 20% (by weight) and preferably not more than 15%. When the weight percentage of cellulose fibers is limited in this way, in a composition with monoclinic mica, it has been determined that the resulting gasket material will function effectively in temperature environments up to 2050 C. Thus, from the standpoint of high temperature use the soft sheet gasket material of the present invention is comparable to asbestos containing gasket materials.
Also, the resulting gasket material reflects the desirable mechanical features of the cellulose fibers, such as good tensile strength.
The mica in the gasket material of the present invention contributes the thermal properties that make the gasket material thermally equivalent to asbestos containing gasket materials. To achieve desired temperature performance and an economic material, the mica should be at least 50% of the gasket material. The mica also contributes to the mechanical, structural and performance features of the gasket material. The sheet structure of asbestos containing gasket material is formed primarily by an intertwining of the asbestos fibers. By way of major distinction, mica is a "platey" material rather than a fibrous material; and the gasket sheet structure of the present material is formed primarily by alignment and overlapping of the mica plates to form the sheet structure (which is, of course, held together by the binder and fibrous materials).The overlapping of the mica plates forms, in effect, a labyrinth seal structure through the gasket material to enhance the sealability characteristics of the gasket material. This plate structure also resists deformation under compressive loading, thereby imparting dimensional stability to the gasket material.
It is also highly desirable that Muscovite mica of relatively uniform particle size be used in forming the gasket material of the present invention. To that end water ground or dry ground monoclinic mica may be used to insure relatively uniform mica particle size.
The use of water ground or dry ground mica of uniform particle size is desirable not oniy for the labyrinth seal structure, but also for manufacturing and processing considerations. Material loss during processing is minimized by the use of particles of discrete and uniform size, since there are no "fines" which are lost or settled out during processing. Also, it has been observed that the use of Muscovite mica of uniform particle size improves "freeness" of the stock-i.e. it improves the separation and draining of water from the stock when the stock is deposited on the cylinder or wire of a paper-making machine. Since the formed gasket material contains less water, the amount of energy required to dry this final sheet material is reduced.
Thus, the use of dry ground or water ground mica of uniform particle size is considered to be desirable in the present invention. The use of materials such as vermiculate, a designation for a group of hydrated micaceous materials of indefinite chemical nature and nonuniform particle size, is not considered acceptable for the purposes of the present invention. Indeed, the use of materials such as vermiculate would present a further disadvantage in that substantially additional energy and processing time would be required to dry sheets using such material.
Several examples of the gasket material of the present invention and the method of manufacture thereof were made to illustrate this invention. In each example, the constituent materials were mixed in an aqueous slurry by the beater addition process. The cellulose is first beaten or refined in an aqueous slurry to a freeness of 250 CSF, and the other materials are added to this aqueous slurry in the order in which they are listed. The final slurry is adjusted by addition of water to form a slurry having 4% solids, and the slurry is agitated until deposited on the papermaking machinery. The materials were then pumped to the headbox of a papermaking machine of the cylinder type and formed into sheets
101 .6x457.2 mm and 0.889 mm thick. The sheets were then dried at 680C for about one hour. The sheets were then calendered by being passed through calendering rolls to a nominal density of 1.60 g/cc. The sheets were then subjected to various tests to yield the results listed in Tables 2 and 3.
Examples 1 and 2
Two sheets of soft gasket material were formed having the following compositions, by weight percentages:
Example 1 Example 2
Material weight % weight %
Cellulose fibers 10 20
325 mesh mica (Muscovite) 70 60
Pigments 8 curatives(') 4 4
Phenolic resins 4 4
Nitrile rubber latex 12 12
(') Sulfur, carbon black, zinc oxide s antioxidant.
Sheets of soft gasket material made in accordance with the composition of Examples 1 and 2
yielded the following properties:
Table 2
Example 1 Example 2
Density (g/cc) 1.67 1.60 Compressibility(%)(') 12.1 12.3 Recovery(%) 49.4 47.4
CD tensile strength Kg/cm2 (2) 180 214
Creep relaxation (%) (3) 30.6 24.2
Sealability (ml/hr) (4} 2.3 2.5 under 352 kg/cm2 load (ASTM F36) (2) Cross machine, pull to fracture (ASTM D282) (3} Deformation at 211 kg/cm2 at 1000C for 22 hrs (ASTM F38, Method B) (4) Migration of fluid under 762 mm Hg (ASTM F37)
The values listed for the various properties in Table 2 are very similar to vaiues for those properties with asbestos containing gasket materials.
Examples 3, 4 and 5
Three sheets of soft gasket material were formed in accordance with the present invention having three different latex binders to correspond with the latex binders of three asbestos reinforced soft gasket materials, R1, R2, R3, commercially available from Rogers Corporation, the applicants of the present invention. This was done for the purpose of making as direct a comparison as possible between gasket materials of the present invention and prior art asbestos containing gasket materials.The compositions, by weight %, of Examples 3, 4 and 5 and the three prior art asbestos reinforced gasket materials were as follows:
Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 R 1 R2 R3 weight % weight % weight % % %
Cellulose 14.8 13.9 15.1 10.6 10.0 10.8
Mica 64.5 60.6 65.8 0 0 0
Asbestos O 0 0 68.7 64.5 70.1
Pigments Scuratives (l 3.4 4.5 3.7 3.4 4.5 3.7 Surfactants 8 coagulants (2) 1.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 Phenolic resin 0 1.9 2.7 0 1.9 2.7
Neoprene latex 1 5.8 0 0 1 5.8 0 0
Nitrine rubber latex 0 1 8.6 0 0 1 8.6 0
Acrylic latex 0 0 12.2 0 0 12.2 ') sulfur, zinc oxide, nickel butyl carbamate, antioxidant, dithiocarbamate accelerator, carbon
black (2) Formic acid, cationic polymeric retention aid
Sheets of soft gasket material made in accordance with the compositions of Examples 3, 4 and 5, and sheets of gasket material made in accordance with the composition of prior art asbestos reinforced composition R1, R2 and R3 yielded the following properties::
Table 3
Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 R 1 R2 R3
Density (g/cc) 1.61 1.46 1.55 1.57 1.30 1.33 Compressibility(%) (1) 18.2 19.1 15.3 14.4 25.5 20.5
Recovery (%) 47.6 37.8 48.8 52.1 35.4 46.9, CD tensile strength kg/cm2 (2) 126 1 80 1 54 195 1 70 189
Creep relaxation (%) (3) 31.0 36.8 37.0 37.8 51.5 44.6
Sealability (ml/hr) 4 8.7 3.4 7.7 1.0 1.1 2.5 ') under 352 kg/cm2 load (ASTM F36)
(2) Cross machine, pull to fracture (ASTM D282) (3) Deformation at 211 kg/cm2 at 1000C for 22 hrs (ASTM F38, Method B) (4) Migration of fluid under 762 mm Hg (ASTM F37)
In addition, three fluid resistance tests were made to determine resistance to ASTM Fuel B,
ASTM Oil 3 and water, the test results being shown in Tables 4,5 and 6 respectively. Each fluid resistance test was made for 22 hours at room temperature.
Table 4
Fluid resistance: Fuel B-22 hrs.-Room temperature
Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 R 1 R2 R3
Thickness change (%) 25.8 11.2 10.3 29.3 1 6.9 11.7
Weight change (%) 24.6 20.7 22.4 25.2 29.2 30.4
Compressibility (%) Ruptured 28.1 20.0 Ruptured 33.7 27.9
Table 5
Fluid Resistance:Oil 3-22 hrs.-Room temperature
Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 R 1 R2 R3
Thickness change (%) 17.7 4.1 5.2 22.0 7.9 5.8
Weight change (%) 26.8 1 7.9 20.5 26.1 25.0 29.8 Compressibility(%) Ruptured 22.1 16.4 28.1 26.9 23.8
Table 6
Fluid Resistance: Water-22 hrs.-Room temperature
Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 R 1 R2 R3
Thickness change (%) 13.6 11.2 33.0 12.9 10.9 26.5 Weightchange(%) 9.2 5.7 51.1 21.1 12.2 56.7
Compressibility (%) 22.6 24.2 32.1 25.6 27.5 37.1
The data reported in Tables 3-6 show that the compositions of the present invention are the structural and functional equivalent of prior art asbestos containing gasket materials.In interpreting this data on sealability in Table 3, it is to be noted that any result in the range of from 1-10 ml/hr is considered to be equivalent.
In addition, thermal stability tests were conducted on Example 5, since acrylic latex is the preferred organic material for use in high temperature applications, i.e., applications where there is a steady state environment on the order of 2050 C. This temperature stability test consisted of exposing material from Example 5 to a temperature of 2050C for 40 hours and then measuring compressibility and recovery. After heat exposure, the compressibility was 15.2% (compared to 15.3% as shown in
Table 3 before heat exposure), and recovery was 48.7% (compared to 48.8% as shown in Table 3 before heat exposure). Thus there was essentially no degradation of the material.
Claims (8)
1. A soft sheet gasket material comprising, by weight 50% to 75% monoclinic mica particles, and 2% to 20% cellulose fibers.
2. A soft sheet gasket material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the amount of cellulose fibers is from 5% to 15%.
3. A soft sheet gasket material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, including 10% to 35% binders, fillers, pigments, curatives and processing agents.
4. A soft sheet gasket material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said monoclinic mica is of relatively uniform particle size.
5. The process of forming a soft sheet gasket material including the steps of forming an aqueous slurry having, by weight of solid material 50% to 75% monoclinic mica particles and 2% to 20% cellulose fibers, and forming sheets of material from said slurry on papermaking machinery.
6. A process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the aqueous slurry contains 5 to 15% cellulose fibers.
7. A process as claimed in either of claims 5 and 6, including the further steps of drying said sheets of material, and calendering said dried sheets of material.
8. A process for the manufacture of a material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 substantially as herein described in any one of Examples 1 to 5.
8. A process as claimed in any of claims 5, 6 and 7 including the further step of adding to said slurry from 10% to 35% binders, fillers, pigments, curatives and processing agents.
9. A process as claimed in any of claims 5 to 8 wherein said step of forming an aqueous slurry includes forming a slurry by the beater addition process.
10. A process as claimed in any of claims 5 to 9 wherein said cellulose fibers are first beaten or refined to a predetermined freeness, in an aqueous slurry, and said mica particles are thereafter added to said slurry.
11. A process as claimed in any of claims 5 to 10 wherein said monoclinic mica is in the form of particles of uniform particle size.
12. A process as claimed in claim 5 substantially as hereinbefore described in any of the foregoing examples.
13. A material as claimed in claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described in any of the foregoing examples.
New claims or amendments to claims filed on 21st March 1983.
Superseded claims 1-13.
New or amended claims:
1. A soft sheet gasket material comprising, by weight, 50% to 75% monoclinic mica particles and 2% to 20% cellulose fibers, in admixture with an organic binder, the said material being free of asbestos fibres.
2. A material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the amount of cellulose fibers is from 5% to 15%.
3. A material as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 including 10% to 35% by weight binders, fillers, pigments, curatives and processing agents.
4. A material as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the monoclinic mica is of substantially uniform particle size.
5. A soft sheet gasket material substantially as herein described in any one of Examples 1 to 5.
6. A process for the manufacture of a material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 including the steps of forming an aqueous slurry having, by weight of solid material, 50% to 75% monoclinic mica particles and 2% to 20% cellulose fibres together with an organic binder, and forming sheets of material from said slurry on papermaking machinery.
7. A process as claimed in claim 6 wherein said cellulose fibres are first beaten or refined in an aqueous slurry, and said mica particles are thereafter added to said slurry.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08302281A GB2118985B (en) | 1978-10-23 | 1983-01-27 | Gasket material and method for the manufacture thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US95344578A | 1978-10-23 | 1978-10-23 | |
| GB08302281A GB2118985B (en) | 1978-10-23 | 1983-01-27 | Gasket material and method for the manufacture thereof |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8302281D0 GB8302281D0 (en) | 1983-03-02 |
| GB2118985A true GB2118985A (en) | 1983-11-09 |
| GB2118985B GB2118985B (en) | 1984-04-26 |
Family
ID=26285042
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08302281A Expired GB2118985B (en) | 1978-10-23 | 1983-01-27 | Gasket material and method for the manufacture thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2118985B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0197301A2 (en) * | 1985-04-10 | 1986-10-15 | Feodor Burgmann Dichtungswerke GmbH & Co. | Seal |
| FR2610954A1 (en) * | 1987-02-17 | 1988-08-19 | Armstrong World Ind Inc | WATER RESISTANT SILICATE AND POLYMER STRUCTURE MATERIAL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
| US4977205A (en) * | 1987-04-02 | 1990-12-11 | Frenzelit-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Asbestos-free material for use as sealing, damping and/or separating element |
| EP0738770A1 (en) * | 1995-04-18 | 1996-10-23 | Compagnie Royale Asturienne Des Mines, Societe Anonyme | Industrial sealing material and method for making it |
| EP1065253A1 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-01-03 | Omniafiltra Cartiera del Torano S.p.a. | Sealing gasket material in roll produced with the beater addition technique |
| US10494309B2 (en) | 2015-08-20 | 2019-12-03 | Element Six (Uk) Limited | Composite material, components comprising same and method of using same |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB848936A (en) * | 1955-12-19 | 1960-09-21 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Inorganic papers and method of making same |
| GB901739A (en) * | 1957-08-05 | 1962-07-25 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Synthetic mica flakes and structures |
| GB1169370A (en) * | 1965-08-13 | 1969-11-05 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Self-Supporting Sheets of Mica Flakes, and method of making them |
| GB1357130A (en) * | 1970-10-21 | 1974-06-19 | Asea Ab | Coil for arrangement in slots in a stator or rotor of an electric machine |
| GB1430476A (en) * | 1972-03-31 | 1976-03-31 | Teijin Ltd | Pulp-forming particles and paper-like sheets made there-rom |
| GB1498966A (en) * | 1974-12-30 | 1978-01-25 | Cape Boards & Panels Ltd | Moulding composition and building board made therefrom |
-
1983
- 1983-01-27 GB GB08302281A patent/GB2118985B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB848936A (en) * | 1955-12-19 | 1960-09-21 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Inorganic papers and method of making same |
| GB901739A (en) * | 1957-08-05 | 1962-07-25 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Synthetic mica flakes and structures |
| GB1169370A (en) * | 1965-08-13 | 1969-11-05 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Self-Supporting Sheets of Mica Flakes, and method of making them |
| GB1357130A (en) * | 1970-10-21 | 1974-06-19 | Asea Ab | Coil for arrangement in slots in a stator or rotor of an electric machine |
| GB1430476A (en) * | 1972-03-31 | 1976-03-31 | Teijin Ltd | Pulp-forming particles and paper-like sheets made there-rom |
| GB1498966A (en) * | 1974-12-30 | 1978-01-25 | Cape Boards & Panels Ltd | Moulding composition and building board made therefrom |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0197301A2 (en) * | 1985-04-10 | 1986-10-15 | Feodor Burgmann Dichtungswerke GmbH & Co. | Seal |
| EP0197301A3 (en) * | 1985-04-10 | 1988-07-06 | Feodor Burgmann Dichtungswerke Gmbh & Co. | Seal |
| FR2610954A1 (en) * | 1987-02-17 | 1988-08-19 | Armstrong World Ind Inc | WATER RESISTANT SILICATE AND POLYMER STRUCTURE MATERIAL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
| BE1001197A3 (en) * | 1987-02-17 | 1989-08-16 | Armstrong World Ind Inc | Structure of material based on silicate and polymer, water resistant, and manufacturing method thereof. |
| US4977205A (en) * | 1987-04-02 | 1990-12-11 | Frenzelit-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Asbestos-free material for use as sealing, damping and/or separating element |
| EP0738770A1 (en) * | 1995-04-18 | 1996-10-23 | Compagnie Royale Asturienne Des Mines, Societe Anonyme | Industrial sealing material and method for making it |
| EP1065253A1 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-01-03 | Omniafiltra Cartiera del Torano S.p.a. | Sealing gasket material in roll produced with the beater addition technique |
| US10494309B2 (en) | 2015-08-20 | 2019-12-03 | Element Six (Uk) Limited | Composite material, components comprising same and method of using same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8302281D0 (en) | 1983-03-02 |
| GB2118985B (en) | 1984-04-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19921023 |