GB2112614A - A spreader for spreading granular and/or powdery material - Google Patents

Abstract

A spreader for spreading granular and/or powdery materials has distribution members 176 with ejection blades 178. The areas covered by the two distribution members substantially coincide with one another. The distribution members are situated in such a way that the ejection blades of the neighbouring distribution members are offset relative to one another. The ejection blades 178 are secured to the plates 177 of the distribution members 176 by fastening means comprising a screw threaded element 171. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION A spreader for spreading granular and/or powdery material This invention relate to a spreader for spreading granular and/or powdery material.

According to the present invention there is provided a spreader for spreading granular and/or powdery material, comprising at least two distribution members which are drivable in rotation about upwardly extending axes in opposite senses, feeding means being provided for supplying material to the distribution members in such a way that the areas covered by the respective distribution members substantially coincide with one another, the distribution members each having one or more ejection members, the ejection members of neighbouring distribution members are offset relative to one another so that an ejection member of one distribution member and that one of another spread the material alternately during operation of the device.

For a better understanding of the present invention and to show how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a front view of a spreader; Figure 2 is a plan view of part of the spreader of Fig. 1 taken in the direction of the arrow II in Fig. 1, some parts being omitted; Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of the distribution pattern for the spreader of Figs. 1 and 2; Figure 4 is a schematic plan view of an alternative distribution pattern of the spreader of Figs. 1 and 2; Figure 5 is an enlarged elevational view of part of the spreader taken in the direction of the arrow V in Fig. 2; Figure 6 shows on an enlarged scale another part of the spreader of Figs. 1 and 2; Figure 7 shows schematically an alternative transmission mechanism for a spreader as shown in Fig. 1;; Figure 8 is a section view taken on the line VIII-VIII in Fig. 7; Figure 9 shows an alternative arrangement for the parts visible in Fig. 8; Figure 10 shows another embodiment of the transmission mechanism for the spreader of Figs. 1 and 2; Figure 11 is a schematic plan view of part of the transmission mechanism of Fig. 10 taken in the direction of the arrow Xl in Fig.

10; Figure 12 is an enlarged plan view showing an alternative construction for distribution members of the spreader of Figs. 1 and 2; Figure 13 is a plan view of a further embodiment of the distribution members; Figure 14 shows another construction for the parts visible in Fig. 12; and Figure 15 is a plan view of a further embodiment of the distribution members.

Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a spreader for spreading granular and/or powdery material, in this case, it is a fertilizer distributor. This fertilizer distributor comprises a frame 1 having a lowermost frame beam 2 extending transversely of the intended direction V of operative travel.

From the plan view of Fig. 2 is can be seen that the frame beam 2 is connected near each of its ends with a V-shaped carrier 3 and 4, the apices of these carriers pointing towards the rear with respect to the direction V. The two carriers 3 and 4 are interconnected by means of a frame beam 5, which is located at the level of and behind the frame beam 2.

The frame beam 5 is parallel to the frame beam 2 and the distance 70 between them is about two thirds of the distance 71 between the apices of the carriers 3 and 4 and the frame beam 2. The carriers 3 and 4 have a width 72 where they meet the frame beam 2, this width 72 being about one third of the length 73 of the frame beam 2. Between the limbs of each carrier 3 and 4 and in line with the frame beam 5 there is a frame beam 6 or 7 which interconnects the two limbs of the carrier 3 or 4.

Attached to the frame beam 2 are two frame portions 8 and 9, each of which has two limbs which are parallel over part of their length and then converge. The parallel parts of the limbs of the frame portions 8 and 9 are vertical and are secured to the beam 2 where the carriers 3 and 4 meet the frame beam 2.

The convergent parts 10 and 11 of the limbs of the frame portions 8 and 9 are at the top of the parallel portions and are interconnected by a frame beam 1 2. The frame beam 1 2 is located almost directly above the frame beam 2. Near its ends the frame beam 1 2 has two supports 1 3 and 14 on its top surface, each support having a horizontal plate 1 5 and 1 6.

The frame 1 has coupling points for attaching it to a three-point lifting device of a tractor. Thus the frame beam 2 has two coupling points 17, and the frame beam 1 2 has a coupling point 18. The frame 1 carries a hopper 1 9 having two funnel portions 20 and 21.

The frame beams 6 and 7 each have a gear box 22 and 23 respectively. Each of the gear boxes 22 and 23 has an input shaft 24 and 25 respectively, projecting horizontally and substantially forwardly, and a vertical output shaft 26 and 27 respectively. Distribution members 28 and 29 respectively are connected to the output shafts 26 and 27. The input shafts 24 and 25 are provided with puleys 30 and 31 respectively. These pulleys can be rotated by means of ropes or belts 32 and 33 respectively. The frame 1 has a transmission mechanism mounted on support 34 and comprising a change-speed mecha nism 35. The transmission mechanism comprises two pulleys 36 and 37 arranged on the change-speed mechanism 35.The changespeed mechanism 35 has an input shaft 38, which can be connected by an auxiliary shaft with the power take-off shaft of a tractor to which the distributor is hitched, so that the input shaft 38 is driven by the tractor. The ropes 32 and 33 pass around the pulleys 30 and 36, 31 and 37 respectively so that the distribution members 28 and 29 are driven in opposite senses as indicated by the arrows A and B in Fig. 2. The distribution members are driven so that the regions of nearest approach to each other move in a direction opposite the general direction of distribution of material.

This mean distribution direction is indicated by an arrow C. In other words the distribution members 28 and 29 move at their regions of nearest approach in the direction V. The change-speed gear 35 is not shown in detail in this embodiment but is capable of varying the speed of the pulleys 36 and 37 and hence the speed of rotation of the distribution members 28 and 29.

Each of the funnel portions 20 and 21 of the hopper 1 9 has a bottom wall 39 and 40 respectively having two outlet ports 41 and 42 respectively. These outlet ports can be opened to a greater or lesser extent by slides 43 and 44 provided beneath the walls 39 and 40. The slides 43 and 44, like the bottom walls 39 and 40, are circular plates and they each have two apertures 91 and 92 respectively, the size and location of which correspond to those of the ports 41 and 42 respectively. The slides 43 and 44 are rotatable about the centrelines 83 and 84 of the shafts 26 and 27. The outlet ports 41 and 42 are located so that the distribution members spread the material across two substantially coinciding sectors.This means that the locations of the ports 41 and 42 are chosen so that, as viewed in the direction V the left-hand boundary of the sector covered by the lefthand distribution member 29 almost coincides with the left-hand boundary of the sector covered by the right hand distribution member, and conversely the right-hand boundary of the right-hand sector almost coincides with the right-hand boundary of the left-hand sector. It should be noted that the two distribution members are located at the same vertical level. The slides 43 and 44 may be displaced by means of an adjusting mechanism so that the outlet ports 41 and 42 are opened and closed in unison. This means that the slides 43 and 44 are simultaneusly turned through the same angles but in opposite senses about the shafts 26 and 27.For this purpose each slide has a lug 47 and 48 respectively having an aperture 49 and 50 respectively. In these apertures is pivotally arranged one end of a rod 51 and 52 respectively. The other end of these rods are pivotally connected to levers 53 and 54 respectively, which are fixed to vertical pivotal shafts 55 and 56 respectively.

The shafts 55 and 56 are rotatably arranged on the frame portions 8 and 9 and the plates 1 5 and 1 6 respectively. At the top each shaft 55 and 56 has a lever 57 and 58 respectively which is pivotally connected with rods 59 and 60 respectively. The rods 59 and 60 are pivotally connected to a common actuating arm 61, which can turn about a horizontal shaft 62. The rod 59 is located above the shaft 62 and the rod 60 below it. The distances 74 and 75 between the pivotal connections and the shaft 62 are equal to one another. Near the levers 57 and 58 the plates 1 5 and 1 6 carry sectors 63 and 64 respectively, which indicate the set position of the slides 43 and 44 with respect to the outlet ports 41 and 42 respectively.The parts 51 to 62 together constitute the adjusting mechanism for the slides 43 and 44. The bottom walls 39 and 40 and the slides 43 and 44 with the ports 41, 80 and 91, 42, 81 and 92 respectively constitute feeding means for feeding material from the hopper to the distribution members. These parts are located above the distribution members as is shown in the Figures.

Each of the distribution members 28 and 29 comprises in this embodiment a square, flat plate 65 and 66 respectively, each provided with four ejection blades 67 and 68 respectively. The ejection blades 67 and 68 have identical shapes to one another and have gutter-shaped or L-shaped vertical cross-sections. The flat plates 65 and 66 are perpendicular to the rotary axes 83 and 84. Each blade comprises a curved wall 76 which stands perpendicular to its plate 65 or 66 and therefore parallel to the rotary axes 83 and 84. The top edges of the walls 76 have rims 77 which project forwards with respect to the direction of rotation A or B.

It has been found that the distributor described above is particularly suitable for spreading grains, particularly grains of fairly hard consistency. It has been found that during operation of the distribution pattern is obtained despite the fact that the distribution members are located at the same vertical level and the two sections covered overlap one another considerably; this might give rise to the supposition that grains ejected by one of the two distribution members would collide with those ejected by the other and that the distribution pattern would consequently be distorted. Contrary to these expectations, the distribution pattern is, however, particularly satisfactory.

The width of the distribution pattern can be adjusted in a simple manner by varying the speed of rotation of the distribution members.

It is desirable for the speed of the distribution members to be at the most about 750 rev/ min, whereas at the least it should be about 300 rev/min. The width of the overall sector covered by the two distribution members 28 and 29 may vary slightly with different kinds of material. A material of larger grain size will be ejected further than a material of a smaller grain size. Irrespective of the kind of material, it will be spread uniformly across the overall width, since any variation of the distribution pattern of different kinds of materials spread by one distribution member will be balanced out by a variation of the distribution pattern of the material spread by the other distribution member. Therefore, the distributor can be very satisfactorily used for spreading different kinds of materials, for example, fertilizers.To alter the distribution width, the transmission ratio of the transmission mechanism can be changed by the change-speed mechanism 35.

To this end the change-speed mechanism 35 has an adjusting member 78. If a different kind of material is to be spread across the same width as another material during a run of the distributor, the speed of the two distribution members can be adjusted accordingly.

In order to obtain an effective spread of the material it is advantageous for the two ports 41 and 42 to subtend an angle 93 of about 60 at the rotary axis 83 and 84 respectively.

If only one outlet port is provided in the bottom wall 39 and 40 respectively, the angle that it subtends is preferably not smaller than 1 5 to 20 . In this embodiment the angle 93 is about 70 . Further ports 80 and 81 are provided between the axes 83 and 84 near the vertical plane 82 containing these rotary axes. The ports 41 and 42 are located in front of this plane 82, viewed in the direction V.

The ports 41 and 42 are located almost wholly on the outboard sides of the vertical planes 94 and 95 extending in the direction V and containing the axes 83 and 84 respectively. One of each pair of ports 41 and 42 is located near the plane 94 and 95 respectively.

The distribution of the material by the two distribution members over coinciding sectors is enhanced when the distance 96 between the planes 94 and 95 is smaller than 2.5 times the distance 97 between the diametri cally opposite radially outermost parts of the distribution members 28 and 29. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 3 the distance 96 is about 1.5 times the distance 97.

The shape of the ejection blades 67 and 68 of the distribution members 28 and 29 respectively is such that the risk of collision of grains of material ejected by one distribution member with those ejected by the other distribution member is minimized. To this end the upwardly extending curved wall 76 of each blade has a height 79 (Fig. 5) of, for example, not less than 1.5 cms. and not more than 5 cms. In this embodiment the height is about 3 cms. The material flowing from the outlet ports to the distribution members is engaged by the ejection blades and will cover the wall 76 over its full height so that each distribution member ejects the material in a layer, the vertical thickness of which depends upon the height 79 of the walls 76.Since each of the distribution members ejects material in a layer of a given width, the grains will leave the distribution members with lower density than if they all left the distribution members in a common horizontal plane. Since the grains of material are ejected in a thicker layer of lower density, the grains ejected by the distribution members are more likely to pass one another without colliding.

Each of the bottom walls 39 and 40 of the funnel portions 20 and 21 has, as already mentioned, a further outlet port 80 and 81 respectively. These ports 80 and 81 are located (Fig. 2) just behind the vertical plane 82. The ports 80 and 81 are located on the inboard sides of the axes 83 and 84. The slides 43 and 44 can be turned, in a manner not shown, about the shafts 26 and 27 respectively so that they co-operate with the ports 80 and 81, whilst the ports 41 and 42 remain closed. The material will thus arrive on the plates 65 and 66 of the distribution members 28 and 29 respectively at different positions, compared with material falling through the ports 41 and 42. The material is thus spread by each of the distribution members in a different direction.When the ports 80 and 81 are used, each of the distribution members will spread laterally of the distributor as is illustrated schematically in Fig. 4. Thus the material is spread by each of the distribution members over a separate sector. In this way the distributor can distribute material over separate strips of soil; this is useful, for example, in row cultures such as in orchards.

The distance between each of the two strips and the vertical plane 90 going through the longitudinal centre line of the device can be adjusted by varying the rotary speed of the two distribution members. If the speed of the distribution members is raised, the material will be thrown slightly further so that the material is spread over strips of soil spaced further apart than with a lower rotary speed of the distribution members.

In this embodiment the change-speed mechanism 35 is designed so that it can vary the rotary speed of the two distribution members while the rotary speeds of the distribution members remain equal to one another. However, the driving gear for each of the distribution members may be provided with transmission means capable of driving the distribution members, if desired, with unequal speeds.

This may be useful for ejecting the material further with one distribution member than with the other. Thus one distribution member may cover a strip of land located on one side the distributor nearer the plane 90 than the strip of land on the other side of said plane covered by the other distribution member.

Except in peculiar circumstances, it is usually desirable to drive the distribution members with equal speeds, when they spread the material across the same sector in order to cover a broad strip of land with material as is shown schematically in Fig. 3.

The distributor is particularly suitable for spreading granular material. In order to maximize the capacity of the hopper and hence to minimize the frequency of refilling during operation, the walls 85 are at the smallest possible angle 86 to the horizontal at which the flow of the granular material down the hopper walls towards the outlet ports is still guaranteed. The adjoining walls 87 and 88 may be arranged at a smaller angle 89 to the horizontal. In this embodiment the angle 89 is about 30 , whereas the angle 86 is about 40'.

So that the slides 43 and 44 can be set either with the two ports 91 and 92 cooperating with the two outlet ports 41 and 42 respectively or with one of the ports 91 and 92 co-operating with the further outlet ports 80 and 81, each of the slides is provided with two tags 47 and 48 having apertures 49 and 50 respectively. The slides 43 and 44 can thus be connected with the coupling rods 51 and 52 in two different positions about the axes 83 and 84. In the positions shown in Fig. 2 the two ports 91 and 92 in the slides 43 and 44 co-operate with the ports 41 and 42, while the further outlet ports 80 and 81 are closed by the slides.

During operation the material is carried in the hopper 19, from which it falls to the distribution members. The part of the hopper located above the funnel portions 20 and 21 may be divided by means of a removable partition 98. During spreading of material, this may have the advantage that it can be assesed whether the left-hand side and the right-hand side of the hopper are emptying at the same rate. This indicates whether each of the distribution members is ejecting material at the same rate, this usually being desirable.

The partition 98 may furthermore be used, for example, for spreading two kinds of material simultaneously. Thus from one hopper part on one side of the partition 98 one kind of material can be fed to one of the distribution members, whereas from the other hopper part a different kind of material can be fed to the other distribution member.

Figs. 7 and 8 show a further embodiment of the transmission mechanism for the distribution members 28 and 29 for a distributor as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Figs. 7 and 8 show the parts concerned only schematically.

The parts corresponding with those of Figs. 1 and 2 are designated by the same reference numerals as in those Figs. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 7 and 8 the distribution members 28 and 29 are arranged on vertical shafts 100 and 101 journalled in gear boxes 102 and 103 respectively. The gear boxes 102 and 103, which may be mounted on the carrier frames 3 and 4, are intercoupled by a driving shaft 104, to which a bevel pinion, housed in a gear box 110, is fastened. The gear box 110 may be mounted on the support 34. The pinion 105 is in mesh with a pinion 106 on a shaft 107 journalled in the gear box 110. The shaft 107 is provided with a spur pinion 108 forming a change pinion which meshes with a change pinion 109 on a shaft 111 journalled in the gear box 110.The shaft 111 constitutes an input shaft for the gear box 110, like the shaft 38 of Figs. 1 and 2, and can be coupled by an auxiliary shaft with the power take-off shaft of a tractor or a similar vehicle to which the distributor is hitched. The gear box 110 has a cover plate 11 2 fastened by wing nuts 11 3 to the box 110. After releasing the wing nuts, the cover plate can be removed from the box and the pinions 108 and 109 interchanged or replaced by other meshing pin ions to alter the speed of rotation of the distribution members with the same speed of the input shaft 11.

The drive of the distribution members by means of pin ions has the advantage that the speed can be kept constant, since no slip will occur between the various transmission elements. A constant rotary speed of the distribution members 28 and 29, and usually equal speeds for both of them, are conductive to a uniform distribution pattern.

Fig. 9 shows a different embodiment of a gear box by means of which the speed of the distribution members 28 and 29 can be changed. Fig. 9 shows a gear box 116, the upper region of which supports a shaft 117, serving as an input shaft like the shaft 111.

In the lower region a shaft 11 8 is provided, which performs the same function as the shaft 107 of the preceding embodiment. The shaft 118 is provided with a bevel pinion 106 cooperating with the bevel pinion 105 on the shaft 104. The shaft 11 7 is provided with three pinions 119, 120 121 of different diameters. The shaft 11 8 has three pinions 122, 1 23 and 1 24 also of different diameters, which are in mesh with respective ones of the pinions 119 to 121 as is shown in Fig. 9.

The pinions 11 9 to 121 are rigidly secured to the shaft 117, whereas the pinion 1 22 to 1 24 are rotatable about the shaft 11 8. By means of a displaceable key 1 25 (shown schematically) any one of the three pinions 1 22 to 1 24 can be selected and coupled with the shaft 11 8. The key 1 25 can be adjusted by means of a lever 126, which is pivotally arranged on a support 1 27 and is connected through a coupling 1 28 with a key carrier 1 29. For adjusting the speed of the shaft 118 and hence of the distribution members 28 and 29 a connection can be established between any one of the pinions 1 22 to 1 24 and the shaft 118. Thus the drive from the shaft 11 7 is transmission through that one of the pinions 119 to 121 which meshes with the selected pinion of the set of pinions 1 22 to 124.

Figs. 10 and 11 show a different arrangement for driving the distribution members 28 and 29. In this embodiment the distribution members 28 and 29 are arranged on vertical shafts 1 35 and 1 36 respectively. These pulleys 1 37 and 1 38 are located beneath the distribution members 28 and 29. At the centre of the distributor there is a drive pulley 1 39 which is fastened to an input shaft 140, like the shaft 38 of the first embodiment and the shaft 111 of the second embodiment. The pulley 1 39 has flanges 141 and 1 42 between which a V-shaped groove is formed, and these flanges are relatively axially movable along the shaft 140 by means of an adjusting mechanism 143 (not shown in detail).By changing the distance between the flanges 141 and 142 the effective diameter of the pulley is varied. Thus a driving rope or belt 145, which is run over guide rollers 146 and 147 can drive the pulleys 1 37 and 1 38 with a variable speed, with the same speed as the shaft 140.

In order to compensate for the change of effective diameter of the pulley 1 39 with respect to the length of the rope 145, the guide rollers 146 and 147 are mounted on arms 151 and 152 respectively, which are pivotable about a shaft 148 under the action of springs 149 and 1 50 respectively. Thus the guide rollers 146 and 147 constitute tensioning rollers constantly keeping the driving rope 1 45 taut. The transmission mechanism of Figs. 10 and 11 permits a stepless speed variation, within limits, of the distribution members 28 and 29. Therefore, the speed of the distribution members 28 and 29 can be set very accurately to keep the width of spread of the material accurately within given limits.

In Fig. 1 2 parts corresponding with those of Figs. 1 and 2 are designated by the same reference numerals as in those Figures. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 12, two distribution members 1 60 and 1 61 are fastened to the vertical shafts 26 and 27 respectively.

Each distribution member 160 and 161 comprises a square plate 162, each plate being provided with four ejection blades 1 63. The ends of the blades 1 63 away from the shaft 26 and 27 are located at the corners of the plates 1 62. Each of the blades 1 63 is pivotally connected to the plate 1 62 by means of a pivotal shaft 1 64. The pivotal shaft 1 64 is located near the outer end of the plate 163 and therefore near the corner of the plate 1 62. On the trailing side with respect to the direction of rotation A or B respectively, each of the blades 163 has a lug 165 carrying a pin 166. This pin 166 can move in a slot 167 in the plate 162 and in a slot 168 in a ring 169.The ring 169 is beneath the plate 1 62 and can be turned with respect to the plate 1 62 about the centreline 83 of the shaft 26 and the centreline 84 of the shaft 27 respectively. Each of the rings 1 69 of the distribution members 160 and 161 can be fixed in position with respect to its plate 1 62 by a fixing member 1 70 having a wing nut 171. By turning the blades 163 about the pivotal shafts 1 74 the orientation of the blades 1 63 on the plates 1 62 can be changed so that the blades 1 63 will occupy a different orientation relative to the rotary axis 83 and 84 respectively of the distribution members.By varying the position of the blades, the direction of spreading can be slightly altered. The position variation of the blades about the rotary axes can result in ejection of a given kind of material over a greater or smaller distance whilst the speed of the distribution members remains the same.

The direction of the spread is also affected. In the embodiment shown the position variation of the blades 1 63 is such that the four blades of a distribution member can be displaced together and be fixed in a given orientation relative to the rotary axis of the distribution member so that each blade of the plate 1 62 acts upon the material in the same manner.

For this variation in unison of the blade orien tations it is necessary only to turn the ring 1 69 about the axes 83 and 84 respectively and to fix it in the new position using the fixing member 1 70. The slots 1 68 in the ring 1 69 are positioned so that turning of the ring 1 69 results in a position variation of the pin 1 66 so that the blades will turn about the pivotal shafts 1 64. The pins 1 66 are also guided by the slots 1 67 in the plates 1 62 so that the desired turn of the blades about the pivotal shafts 1 64 is ensured.Each ring 1 69 is connected by four spokes 1 72 with a hub 173, which is rotatable on the shaft 26 or 27.

In the embodiment of Fig. 1 2 the distribu tion members 160 and 161 are not posi tioned symmetrically with respect to the verti cal central plane 90 as are the distribution members 28 and 29 in Fig. 2. In the embodi ment of Fig. 1 2 the distribution members 1 60 and 1 61 have identical shapes, but as is shown in the Figure the distribution member 1 60 is offset by 90 with respect to the distribution member 1 61. As a result, the blades of the distribution member 1 60 will eject the material approximately in the direc tion C (see Fig. 2) at other instants than the blades 1 63 of the distribution member 1 61.

Thus in approximate alternation a blade of one distribution member and subsequently a blade of the other distribution member will eject a quantity of material. This will have a faborable effect on the uniformity of the distri bution of material.

Although as shown in Fig. 1 2 the orientation of the blades on the plates of the distribu tion members relative to the rotary axes can be varied by turning the blades about a pivotal shaft located near the outer ends of the blades, this variation may be obtained in a different manner.

Fig. 1 3 shows an embodiment having distribution members 1 76 mounted on shafts 26 and 27. In this embodiment, each distribution member 1 76 comprises a circular plate 1 77 provided with four blades 1 78. The blades 1 78 are pivotable about pivotal shafts 179, which are arranged near the radially inner ends of the blades. As in the embodiment shown in Fig. 12, the blades are provided with lugs and pins co-operating with slots in the plate 1 77 and in the ring 169. The lugs and pins of the blades and the slots in the plate and the ring are identical to those of the preceding embodiment and are therefore designated by the same reference numerals.

With the pivotal shafts 1 79 located near the radially inner ends of the ejection blades, adjustment of the blades with respect to the shaft of the distibution member results in displacement of the radially outer end of each blade. The position variation of the blades with respect to the rotary axis of a distribution member is particularly useful in a distributor in which two distribution members spread the material across the same sector as is indicated in the embodiments shown.

Fig. 14 shows an embodiment corresponding largely with the embodiment shown in Fig. 2. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 14, the shafts 26 and 27 of the distribution members 28 and 29 respectively are each provided with a displacer in the form of a blade 180 or 181. These blades 180 and 181 are located in the lower parts of the funnel portions 20 and 21 and extend radially from the shafts 26 and 27 to near the peripheries of the lower ends of the funnel portions 20 and 21. The blades 180 and 181 are a short distance of, for example, 1 mm, above the bottom walls 39 and 40. The blades 180 and 181 are rigidly connected with the shafts 26 and 27 respectively and rotate with them and with the distribution members at the same speed about the rotary axes 83 and 84 respectively.The blades 1 80 and 1 81 are arranged so that they lead one of the ejection blades 77 by an angle 82 of about 50 . The angle 182 is measured between the centre line of the displacer blade and the radial line passing through the radially inner end of the ejection blade as indicated in Fig. 14. The blade 180 is offset by 180 from the blade 181 so that the blades 180 and 181 approach the vertical plane 90 alternately.

During distribution of material, the displacer blades 180 and 181 loosen the material along the bottom wall so that, immediately after the passage of a displacer blade, the material will flow more readily through the outlet ports 41 and 42. Owing to this temporarily enhanced flow of material from the hopper through the outlet ports, the ejection blade trailing the blade 1 80 or 1 81 by the angle 1 82 will receive more material from the outlet port than will the other ejection blades of the distribution member. Because the blades 180 and 181 are relatively offset by 180 an ejection blade of one distribution member will spread more material alternately with an ejection blade of the other distribution member.This results in a uniform distribution pattern from the two distribution members 28 and 29. Therefore, the displacer blades are particularly useful in devices having two distribution members sprading the material across the same sector. Although in this embodiment each of the distribution members 28 and 29 has four ejection blades, there may be a different number of ejection blades. In particular, when displacer blades such as 1 80 and 181 are employed, a distribution member may have only one ejection blade, lagging by the angle 182 with respect to the displacer blade. The angle 182 is again preferably about 50 , but may vary in dependence upon the shape of the distribution member, the location of the outlet ports and the kind of material to be spread.The angle 1 82 should not be larger than about 90 and not smaller than about 30 .

When a displacer blade is used with a distribution member of moderate diameter having moderately long ejection blades, it may be advantageous to use at least two ejection blades. If there are two, the second ejection blade should then be offset by 180 with respect to the ejection blade co-operating with the displacer blade. As an alternative, the distribution member may have a single ejection spout co-operating with a displacer blade.

The ejection spout may then communicate with a central, cup shaped part of the distribution member capturing material flowing from an outlet port.

Fig. 1 5 shows an embodiment comprising two distribution members having each an ejection spout. In this embodiment the ejection spouts do not cooperate, however, with an advancing blade as in the constructon just referred to, but with a closing mechanism.

The parts of the distributor shown in Fig. 1 5 and corresponding with those of Fig. 2 are designated by the same reference numerals as in Figs. 1 and 2. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 5 the distribution members 185 and 1 86 are mounted on the shafts 26 and 27 respectively. Each distribution member 1 85 or 1 86 comprises a cup-shaped portion 1 87 or 188 respectively (not shown in detail), the diameter of which is similar to the diameter of the bottom walls 39 and 40 of the hopper.

Each of these cup-shaped portions 187 and 188 is provided with an ejection spout 1 89 and 1 90 respectively. The shafts 26 and 27 are provided with closing plates 191 and 192 respectively. These closing plates 1 91 and 1 92 co-operate with the outlet ports 41 and 42 respectively so that material flows out of the funnel portions 20 and 21 to the distribution members 1 85 and 1 86 only when it can pass directly to the ejection spouts to be spread across sectors corresponding with the sectors shown in Fig. 3, where each of the distribution members can spread the material.

Each closing member 1 91 or 1 92 subtends an angle 193 of 180 at the rotary axis 83 or 84 respectively. The closing plates 1 91 and 1 92 end at the trailing edges of the ejection spouts 1 89 and 1 90 respectively and extend away therefrom to the rear, with respect to the directions of operative-rotation A and B.

Therefore, after an ejection spout has passed by the outlet ports 41 and 42 these ports will be closed. In this embodiment, in which the closing plates 191 and 192 subtend an angle of 180 at the rotary axes of the distribution members, the outlet ports are closed for one half of each revolution of the distribution member. After the closing plates have passed the outlet ports, the material can again flow out to the distribution member. The material can reach the distribution member so that a uniform transfer to the ejection spout is obtained so that the material can be uniformly spread across the desired sector 1 94 and 1 95 respectively.By closing the outlet ports after the passage of an ejection spout no material will accumulate in the central, cup-shaped portion of the distribution member 1 85 and 186 respectively, which would affect the flow of material toward the ejection spout. It is thus furthermore ensured that the material will be spread only across the desired sector 1 94 or 1 95. The ejection spouts 189 and 190 of the distribution members 1 85 and 1 86 respectively are offset by 180 from one another so that during their rotation they alternately spread the material across the sector 1 94 and 1 95 respectively. In this way a uniform distribution pattern is obtained.

A closing member lagging with respect to the ejection spout for one or more outlet ports may also be used with a distribution member having two ejection spouts or other ejection members, for example, ejection blades. Then the closing member lagging with respect to the ejection member will subtend an angle of less than 180 at the rotary axis of the distribution member. When two ejection spouts are used, a closing member co-operating with each ejection spout may subtend an angle of about 90 . A closing member for one or more outlet ports trailing behind an ejection spout or an ejection blade may also be used with a distribution member having a flat plate on which one or more ejection blades are arranged as in the preceding embodiments.

The angle subtended by the closing member may vary in accordance with the shape and rotary speed of the distribution member and in accordance with the shape and location of the outlet ports. However, the closing member will meet the radially inner part of the ejection spout or blade as shown in Fig.

1 5 for the closing members 1 91 and 1 92 with respect to the ejection spouts 1 89 and 190.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 5 the ejection spout 1 89 will have spread material across the sector 1 94 when it reaches the position shown in the Figure. In this position, after a small turn in the direction of the arrow A the closing member 191 will uncover the port 41 so that material can flow out of the hopper to be captured by the ejection spout during its further rotation in the direction of the arrow A so that the material is again spread from the line 1 96 of the sector 1 94.

The ejection spout will receive material for a period of time sufficient for the spout to eject material up to the boundary line 1 97 of the sector 1 94. As shown in Fig. 15, the ejection spout 1 90 is in a position in which the closing member is just about to block the outlet port 42 and the ejection spout will spread material across the sector 1 95 within the boundary lines 1 98 and 1 99. Owing to the relatively offset positions of the ejection spouts 1 89 and 1 90 they will alternately spread the material so that a uniform distribution pattern is obtained. The width 200 of the closing members 191 and 192 is great enough to cover the outlet ports fully.

Whilst various features of the spreaders that have been described, and that are illustrated in the drawings, will be set forth in the following claims as inventive features, it is to be noted that the invention is not necesarily limited to those features and that it encompasses all of the features that have been described both individually and in various combinations.

Claims (52)

CLAIMS 1. A spreader for spreading granular and/or powdery material, comprising at least two distribution members which are drivable in rotation about upwardly extending axes in opposite senses, feeding means being provided for supplying material to the distribution members in such a way that the area covered by the respective distribution members substantially coincide with one another, the distribution members each having one or more ejection members, the ejection members of neighbouring distribution members are offset relative to one another so that an ejection member of one distribution member and that of another spread the material alternately during operation of the device. CLAIM 1 (28 Jan 1983) CLAIMS 2-6 14-52 (13 Aug 1982) CLAIMS 7-13 (19 Feb 1982)

1. A spreader for spreading granular and/or powdery material, comprising at least two distribution members which are drivable in rotation about upwardly extending axes in opposite senses, feeding means being provided for supplying material to the distribution members in such a way that the areas covered by the respective distribution members substantially coincide with one another, the distribution members each comprising a plate to which one or more ejection members is secured by fastening means comprising a screwthreaded element, the ejection members of adjacent distribution members being offset relative to one another so that ejection members of the adjacent distribution members spread the material alternately during operation of the device.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ejection members of the adjacent distribution members are offset relative to one another by an angle which is half the angle between two adjacent ejection members on a distribution member.

3. A device as claimed in claim 2 wherein the ejection members of the adjacent distribution members are offset relative to one another by 45 around their axes of rotation.

4. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the directions of rotation of the distribution members are such that the regions of nearest approach move in a direction opposite the general direction in which the material is ejected from the distribution members during operation.

5. A spreader as claimed in claim 4, in which the directions of rotation of the distribution members during operation are such that the regions of nearest approach of the distribution members move in a direction which is substantially the intended direction of operative travel of the spreader.

6. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the feeding means are positioned to feed material to each distribution member at a location in front of a vertical plane containing the rotary axes of the distribution members, with respect to the intended direction of operative travel of the spreader.

7. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which, during operation, the material is fed to each distribution member at a location substantially wholly on the outboard side of a vertical plane containing the rotary axis of the respective distribution member and extending in the intended direction of operative travel of the spreader.

8. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the feeding means comprises a dosing mechanism for adjusting the rate of feeding of material to the distribution members.

9. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which each of the distribution members is arranged beneath an outlet portion of a hopper, this outlet portion having at least one outlet port opening above the distribution member.

10. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the feeding means for each distribution member comprises at least one outlet port which subtends an angle of not less than 15 at the rotary axis of the respective distribution member.

11. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the feeding means for each distribution member comprises two outlet ports which subtend together an angle of about 60 at the rotary axis of the respective distribution member.

12. A spreader as claimed in claim 9, 10 or 11, in which one edge of the port or of one of the ports of each distribution member is located adjacent a vertical plane extending in the intended direction of operative travel of the spreader and containing the rotary axis of the respective distribution member.

1 3. A spreader as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 12, in which the feeding means comprises a further outlet port which is offset about the axis of the respective distribution member with respect to the first-mentioned outlet port or ports.

14. A spreader as claimed in claim 13, in which the further outlet port is located adjacent a vertical plane containing the rotary axes of the distribution members.

1 5. A spreader as claimed in claim 1 3 or 14, in which the further outlet port of each distribution member is located on the inboard side of a vertical plane extending in the intended direction of operative travel of the spreader and containing the rotary axis of the respective distribution member.

16. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the feeding means for each distribution member comprises at least one outlet port, whereby near the or each outlet port of each distribution member there is an adjustable slide which is coupled with an adjusting mechanism comprising an adjusting lever.

1 7. A spreader as claimed in claim 16, in which the adjusting levers are adapted to turn about a vertical axis and are coupled with an actuating arm, which is mounted for movement about a substantially horizontal pivotal axis.

18. A spreader as claimed in claim 1 6 or 17, in which the adjusting levers for the two adjustable slides are coupled with one another.

1 9. A spreader as claimed in claim 18, in which the slides are connected by means of coupling rods with the adjusting levers, the coupling rods and the adjusting levers of the respective distribution members being located on opposite sides of the pivotal axis.

20. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the feeding means of each distribution member occupies a fixed position with respect to the rotary axis of the respective distribution member.

21. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the distribution members are arranged at the same vertical level as each other.

22. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the plate of each distribution member is substantially flat and extends perpendicular to the rotary axis of the respective distribution member.

23. A spreader as claimed in claim 22, in which the top surfaces of the plates of the distribution members are co-planar.

24. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the ejection blades of the distribution members are sustantially identical in shape.

25. A spreader as claimed in claim 24, in which each ejection blade provides a channel the bottom of which is constituted by a curved plate which is parallel to the rotary axis of the respective distribution member, the edge of the curved plate away from the rest of the distribution member having a rim extending forwardly with respect to the operative direction of rotation of the distribution member.

26. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the ejection blades are curved, the concave surface of the ejection blades facing forwardly, with respect to the operative direction of rotation of the distribution member.

27. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which each ejection blade extends rearwardly from an end nearer the rotary axis of the respective distribution member with respect to the operative direction of rotation of the distribution member.

28. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the fastening means for each ejection blade comprises a pin for locating the ejection blade on the plate of the distribution member.

29. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the ejection blade, or at least one of the ejection blades, of each distribution member is adjustable with respect to the rotary axis of the distribution member and is fixable in any one of at least two different positions.

30. A spreader as claimed in claim 29, in which the or each adjustable ejection blade is mounted for pivotal movement about a pivotal axis.

31. A spreader as claimed in claim 30, in which the pivotal axis is near that end of the ejection blade which is further from the rotary axis of the distribution member.

32. A spreader a claimed in claim 31, in which the pivotal axis is near a corner of a plate of the distribution member.

33. A spreader as claimed in claim 30, in which the pivotal axis is near that end of the ejection blade which is nearer the rotary axis of the distribution member.

34. A spreader as claimed in any one of claims 28 to 35, in which each distribution member comprises two or more adjustable ejection blades which are intercoupled for adjustment in unison and are fixable in any one of at least two positions.

35. A spreader as claimed in claim 34, in which the blades are connected with a common setting ring, which is rotatable about the rotary axis of the distribution member and which can be fixed in any one of at least two positions for adjusting and fixing the ejection blades of the distribution member.

36. A spreader as claimed in claim 35, in which the ring is located beneath a plate of the distribution member on which the ejection blades are arranged.

37. A spreader as claimed in claim 35 or 36, in which the ejection blades are provided with pins which extend through slots in the plate and in the ring.

38. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the plate of each of the distribution members is substantially quadrangular.

39. A spreader as claimed in claim 35, in which an ejection blade is arranged on the distribution member near each corner of the plate.

40. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the rotary axes of the distribution members are located in a common vertical plane which is substantially perpendicular to the intended direction of operative travel of the spreader.

41. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the distribution members are coupled with a transmission mechanism which permits changing of the rotary speed of the distribution members.

42. A spreader as claimed in claim 41, in which the transmission mechanism is connectible with a power take-off shaft of a vehicle to which the spreader is hitched.

43. A spreader as claimed in claim 41 or 42, in which the speed can be adjusted steplessly.

44. A spreader as claimed in claim 43, in which the transmission mechanism comprises a rope or belt drive.

45. A spreader as claimed in any one of claims 42 or 43, in which the transmission mechanism comprises a change-speed mechanism having a two-part pulley, the effective diameter of which is variable by displacing the two parts relatively to one another.

46. A spreader as claimed in claim 45, in which the transmission mechanism comprises a rope or belt extending around the pulley and over guide rollers over pulleys connected with the distribution members.

47. A spreader as claimed in claim 46, in which at least one of the guide rollers is resiliently mounted on the spreader to tension the rope or belt regardless of the effective diameter of the two-part pulley.

48. A spreader as claimed in claim 41 or 42, in which the transmission mechanism comprises a gear transmission having one or more change gears.

49. A spreader as claimed in claim 48, in which the pinion transmission comprises at least two meshing sets of pin ions, any one of which sets is selectable to transmit drive, the other set or sets then idling.

50. A spreader as claimed in claim 48 or 49, in which the distribution members are disposed above gear boxes which are intercoupled by an intermediate shaft coupled by a pinion transmission with the transmission mechanism.

51. A spreader as claimed in claim 50, in which the transmission mechanism comprises two or more pinions rigidly secured to a shaft, each of these pinions co-operating with a respective further pinion which can be coupled or discoupled selectively with or from a driven or a driving shaft respectively.

52. A spreader as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the spreader is provided with coupling means with which the spreader may be coupled to the lifting device of a tractor or like vehicle.