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GB2102445A - Abrasive material and method of making it - Google Patents

Abrasive material and method of making it Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2102445A
GB2102445A GB08217967A GB8217967A GB2102445A GB 2102445 A GB2102445 A GB 2102445A GB 08217967 A GB08217967 A GB 08217967A GB 8217967 A GB8217967 A GB 8217967A GB 2102445 A GB2102445 A GB 2102445A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
abrasive material
shapes
grit
abrasive
resin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB08217967A
Inventor
Alan Hale
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABRAFRACT MANUFACTURING LIMITE
Original Assignee
ABRAFRACT MANUFACTURING LIMITE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABRAFRACT MANUFACTURING LIMITE filed Critical ABRAFRACT MANUFACTURING LIMITE
Priority to GB08217967A priority Critical patent/GB2102445A/en
Publication of GB2102445A publication Critical patent/GB2102445A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/14Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
    • B24D3/18Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings for porous or cellular structure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/12Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic water-setting, e.g. concrete
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/28Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B24D3/32Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds for porous or cellular structure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/342Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/342Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
    • B24D3/344Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent the bonding agent being organic

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

Abrasive material, for example, for grinding wheels, is made from a substantially homogeneous mixture of hollow shapes, abrasive grit and a curable compound. The shapes may be spherical and may be made of abrasive material such as aluminium oxide or non abrasive material such as resin, glass or expanded ceramic of the vermicular type. The addition of shapes of substantially smaller dimensions enables control of physical and grinding properties to be achieved. The shapes define interstices in a majority of which a plurality of pieces of grit are disposed.

Description

SPECIFICATION Abrasive material and method of making it The present invention relates to an abrasive material and method of making it. In an advantageous form, the material is formed in a cylindrical shape defining a central aperture to provide a grinding wheel.
For many years attempts have been made to improve abrasive products and hitherto success on improving either life or freedom of cut has led to a decrease in the other property. It has generally been realised that modifications of grinding properties could be achieved by control of the volume concentration of abrasive and porosity, but practical considerations have generally resulted in abrasive wheels, segments and the like, having abrasive concentration approximately in the range of 48 to 62% or porosity in the approximate range 0 to 40%.
At the present time the common forms of wheels, segments or other abrasive products comprise abrasive substantially evenly distributed in a mass of curable or fusable vitrified bonds.
The bond may contain fillers which aid the metal removal process during grinding.
Porosity is in the range of 0-40% by volume and the structure of the pores is substantially open and continuous rather than closed and discrete. The porosity has been controlled by pressed or otherwise consolidating the abrasive containing mass in a mould to a precalculated density or by consolidation under a constant pressure, or alternatives well known to those skilled in the art. With a wheel of this general type a cross section of the wheel would tend to show discrete pieces of grit surrounded by bonding material and attached to adjacent pieces by "bond bridges" of irregular cross section defining irregular shapes of pores running throughout the abrasive product.
In other forms of abrasive product blowing agents have been included in the bonding material and, on expansion during "cure" of the bond, pores have been produced in the bonding films and bond bridges with consequent weakening of the bond strength.
In other forms of abrasive products particulate granules of materials softer than the abrasive grain have been introduced so that extra holes would be formed in the grinding surface as the wheel wears during use, either by crushing the attrition or solution in coolant.
In other forms of abrasive products flexible porous particles have been introduced within elastomeric bonds in order to produce flexible grinding wheels for polishing and the like processes.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an abrasive material comprising a plurality of hollow shapes, a plurality of pieces of an abrasive grit and a settable or curable compound, the shapes, grit and compound all being mixed into a substantially homogenous mass prior to curing so that after curing of the compound the shapes and grit are substantially evenly distributed throughout the compound with a plurality of pieces of grit disposed in a majority of the interstices defined between adjacent shapes.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of making an abrasive material including the steps of mixing a plurality of hollow shapes and a plurality of pieces of abrasive grit in a mass of a compound to produce a homogenous mix with shapes and grit substantially evenly distributed through the material.
A preferred embodiment of the invention may comprise any one or more of the following advantageous features: (a) The shapes are substantially spherical (b) The shapes are made of a non-abrasive material, (c) The non-abrasive material is resin, glass or expanded ceramic of the vermicular type, (d) The shapes are made of an abrasive material, (e) The abrasive material of the shapes is aluminium oxide, (f) The compound is vitrified material, phenolic resin, rubber, magnesite cement, polyimide resin melamine resin, polyester resin, epxoy resin, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohols, shellac, acrylates or other polymeric materials, (g) The grit is various types of aluminium oxide, or silicon carbide, zirconia/alumina, diamond, cubic boron nitride, as well as natural abrasives such as pumice, emery, natural corundum, (h) The major dimension of the shapes is 5mm, (i) The shapes of (a) are up to 5mm in diameter, for example, 1 to 2mm diameter or 2 to 3mm in diameter, (j) The bulk density of the shapes is 0.8 to 1.3 gm/cc, (k) The grit is from 8 to 1200 mesh size preferably from 30 to 1 50 mesh size, (I) The grit is 46 mesh size, (m) The grit constitutes between 5 to 40% by volumes of the abrasive material, (m) Further hollow shapes having a dimension substantially smaller than the dimension of the first mentioned hollow shapes are included in the mix, (o) The further pore inducing hollow shapes are hollow thin-walled spheres of resin, or of expanded ceramic materials of the vermicular type, (p) The further hollow shapes are phenolic micro balloons having an average diameter of approximately 0.05mm and a bulk density in the range 3 to 5 Ibs/cu ft.
In an advantageous form of the invention, the abrasive material is introduced into a mould of the desired shape so as to fill the mould, and consolidated to the required density to produce a product of the required porosity: Consolidation may be achieved simply by applying pressure to the material.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, one embodiment thereof will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a conventional grinding wheel, Figure 2 shows a partial sectional view of a wheel of the type shown in Figure 1 from a conventional mixture, Figure 2a is an enlarged view of the section of Figure 2, Figure 3 shows a partial sectional view of a wheel of the type shown in Figure 1 made from abrasive material of the invention, and Figure 4 shows a partial sectional view of a wheel of the type shown in Figure 1 made from an alternative form of the abrasive material of the invention to that shown in Figure 3.
Referring to Figure 3, a plurality of hollow shapes 1 of aluminium oxide (Al203) are thoroughly mixed with a plurality of pieces 2 of abrasive grit in a curable bonding compound 3 such as expoxy resin with a hardener to produce a substantially even distribution of both shapes and grit throughout the compound. In an advantageous form the grit is white aluminium oxide of 46 mesh size (i.e. having a particulate dimension of approximately 0.1 mm) and preferably constitutes between 5 and 40% of volume of the mixture. However, it may be in the range 8 to 1200 mesh size, but preferably 30 to 1 50 mesh size.The shapes are substantially spherical for maximum strength and are between 1 and 2mm in diameter (having a mean diameter of 1 .5mm). The preferred composition by weight of the mix is aluminium oxide 43.8% aluminium oxide spheres 34.5% curable compound 21.7% After mixing the mixture is moulded to the desired shape, as shown for example, in Figure 1 before being cured. The shape may be a wheel, block, segment or disc. Curing may take place in or out of the mould and is advantageously effected at normal ambient temperature but may be accelerated by raising the temperature Vacuum may be applied to the material to reduce unwanted porosity and the mould is advantageously treated with a release agent.
Curing conditions generally and the viscosity of the mix may be varied over a wide range as desired.
As compared with the conventional abrasive material which is shown in Figure 2, in the abrasive material of the invention each hollow shape (which form the pores of the finished material) is considerably larger in size than the grit size and there are therefore many pieces 2 of grit embedded in and surrounded by bond between adjacent hollow shapes. In the conventional arrangement of Figure 2 the pores 1 C and grit 2C are of substantially the same size and only a single piece of grit tends to separate adjacent pores in the surrounding mass of compound 3C.
The surprising and unexpected result of this difference in distribution of bond, grit and porosity is that an abrasive product of this invention in the form of a wheel or segment, used on periphery or side where large areas of contact are met, will remove substantially more material from a workpiece being ground for significantly less wear than a wheel of conventional construction. in addition an abrasive product such as a segmental wheel will grind efficiently a much greater variety of materials than a conventional abrasive product.
Furthermore abrasive products made from such material have an improved life, freedom of cut and versatility of application.
In the alternative form of the abrasive material, illustrated in Figure 4, hollow shapes having a means dimension substantially less than that of the hollow shapes 1 are introduced into the mix.
These shapes 4 are hollow, thin walled resin or glass spheres or expanded ceramic materials of the vermicular type and are preferably substantially spherical phenolic micro balloons having a diameter of 0.05mm, and a bulk density in the range 3 to 5 Ibs/cu. ft. The mix is moulded and cured as previously described and a section through the resultant material has the appearance of Figure 4. The addition of these shapes 4 enables further control of physical and grinding properties to be achieved.
It will be appreciated that the above embodiments have been described by way of example only and that many variations are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. For example although the shapes have been described as spherical and of abrasive material, they may be other than spherical and of non-abrasive material. Instead of epoxy resin and hardener, vitrified material, phenolic resin, rubber, magnesite cement, polyimide resin, polyester resin, melamine resin, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohols, shellac, acrylics and other polymeric materials may be used. Preferably, the bonding compound should not release volatile materials during curing. The abrasive material of the shapes may be aluminium oxide. The grit may be any of the various types of aluminium oxide, silicon carbide, zirconia/alumina, diamond, cubic boron nitride, as well as natural abrasives such as pumice, emery, natural corundum.
If desired fillers such as lithobone, iron pyrites, cryolite or metallic powders, may be introduced into the mix either individually or in combination.
Such fillers may improve the grinding characteristics of the finished product and may aid the manufacturing process by holding the resin together in its uncured state.

Claims (25)

Claims
1. An abrasive material comprising a plurality of hollow shapes, a plurality of pieces of an abrasive grit and a settable or curable compound, the shapes, grit and compound all being mixed into a substantially homogenous mass prior to curing so that after curing of the compound the shapes and grit are substantially evenly distributed throughout the compound with a plurality of pieces of grit disposed in a majority of the interstices defined between adjacent shapes.
2. An abrasive material as claimed in Claim 1, in which at least some of the shapes are substantially spherical.
3. An abrasive material as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, in which at least some of the shapes are made of a non-abrasive material.
4. An abrasive material as claimed in Claim 3, in which the non-abrasive material is resin.
5. An abrasive material as claimed in Claim 3, in which the non-abrasive material is expanded ceramic of the vermicular type.
6. An abrasive material as claimed in Claim 3, in which the non-abrasive material is glass.
7. An abrasive material as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, in which the shapes are made of an abrasive material.
8. An abrasive material as claimed in Claim 7, in which the abrasive material of the shapes is aluminium oxide.
9. An abrasive material as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the compound is vitrified material, phenolic resin, rubber, magnesite cement, polyimide resin, melamine resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohols, shellac, acrylics or other polymeric materials.
10. An abrasive material as claimed in any preceding claim in which the grit is various types of aluminium oxide, or silicon carbide, zirconia/alumina, diamond, cubic boron nitride, as well as natural abrasives such as pumice, emery, natural corundum.
11. An abrasive material as claimed in any preceding claim in which the major dimension of the shapes is 5mm.
12. An abrasive material as claimed in Claim 2, or in any of claims 3 to 11, when appendant directly or indirectly to Claim 2, in which the shapes are up to 5mm in diameter, for example, 1 to 2mm dimeter or 2 to 3mm in diameter.
13. An abrasive material as claimed in Claim 7 or in any of claims 8 to 12 when appendant directly or indirectly to Claim 7, in which the bulk density of the shapes is 0.8 to 1.3 gm/cc.
14. An abrasive material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 10, in which the grit is from 8 to 1200 mesh size.
1 5. An abrasive material as claimed in Claim 14, in which the grit is from 30 to 1 50 mesh size.
1 6. An abrasive material as claimed in Claim 15, in which the grit is 46 mesh size.
17. An abrasive material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 16, in which the grit constitutes between 10 to 40% by volume of the abrasive material.
1 8. An abrasive material as claimed in any preceding claim, in which further hollow shapes having a dimension substantially smaller than the dimension of the first mentioned hollow shapes are included in the mix.
1 9. An abrasive material as claimed in Claim 18, in which the further pore inducing hollow shapes are hollow thin-walled spheres of resin, or of expanded ceramic materials of the vermicular type.
20. An abrasive material as claimed in Claim 1 8 or 19, in which the further hollow shapes are phenolic micro balloons having an average diameter of approximately 0.05mm and a bulk density in the range 3 to 5 Ibs/cu. ft.
21. An abrasive material substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 3 or to Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
22. A method of making an abrasive material including the steps of mixing a plurality of hollow shapes and a plurality of pieces of abrasive grit in a mass of a compound to produce a homogenous mix with shapes and grit substantially evenly distributed through the material.
23. A method as claimed in Claim 22, in which the material is introduced into a mould of the desired shape so as to fill the mould and consolidated to the density to produce a product of the required porosity such that a plurality of pieces of grit are disposed in at least a majority of the interstices defined between adjacent shapes.
24. A method as claimed in Claim 23, in which consolidation is achieved by applying pressure to the material.
25. A method of making abrasive material substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 3 or Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
GB08217967A 1981-06-20 1982-06-21 Abrasive material and method of making it Withdrawn GB2102445A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08217967A GB2102445A (en) 1981-06-20 1982-06-21 Abrasive material and method of making it

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8119080 1981-06-20
GB08217967A GB2102445A (en) 1981-06-20 1982-06-21 Abrasive material and method of making it

Publications (1)

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GB2102445A true GB2102445A (en) 1983-02-02

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0119498A3 (en) * 1983-02-22 1986-02-05 Norton Company Grinding wheel
FR2568811A1 (en) * 1984-08-09 1986-02-14 Zucco Serge Abrasive grinding wheels for polishing rocks and process for manufacturing them
EP0223249A3 (en) * 1985-11-21 1989-08-09 Pq Corporation Mounting beam for preparing wafers
EP0282701A3 (en) * 1987-03-18 1991-01-09 Josef Sebald Process for the manufacture of an abrasive
FR2657280A1 (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-07-26 Demurger & Cie Ets COMPOSITE CIRCULAR AND ROTARY CUTTING TOOL.
WO1997043091A1 (en) * 1996-05-16 1997-11-20 Speedfam Corporation Abrasive foam grinding composition
US6394888B1 (en) 1999-05-28 2002-05-28 Saint-Gobain Abrasive Technology Company Abrasive tools for grinding electronic components
EP1340593A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2003-09-03 DIEWE-Diamantwerkzeuge GmbH Grinding tool, especially cutting-off tool
CN110116377A (en) * 2019-05-13 2019-08-13 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 A kind of steel rail grinding resin-based prototyping composites and preparation method thereof

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0119498A3 (en) * 1983-02-22 1986-02-05 Norton Company Grinding wheel
FR2568811A1 (en) * 1984-08-09 1986-02-14 Zucco Serge Abrasive grinding wheels for polishing rocks and process for manufacturing them
EP0223249A3 (en) * 1985-11-21 1989-08-09 Pq Corporation Mounting beam for preparing wafers
EP0282701A3 (en) * 1987-03-18 1991-01-09 Josef Sebald Process for the manufacture of an abrasive
FR2657280A1 (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-07-26 Demurger & Cie Ets COMPOSITE CIRCULAR AND ROTARY CUTTING TOOL.
EP0442238A3 (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-12-11 Demurger Et Cie Composite rotative circular cutting tool
US5152640A (en) * 1990-01-19 1992-10-06 Demurger Et Cie Composite circular and rotary cutting tool
WO1997043091A1 (en) * 1996-05-16 1997-11-20 Speedfam Corporation Abrasive foam grinding composition
US6394888B1 (en) 1999-05-28 2002-05-28 Saint-Gobain Abrasive Technology Company Abrasive tools for grinding electronic components
EP1340593A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2003-09-03 DIEWE-Diamantwerkzeuge GmbH Grinding tool, especially cutting-off tool
CN110116377A (en) * 2019-05-13 2019-08-13 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 A kind of steel rail grinding resin-based prototyping composites and preparation method thereof
CN110116377B (en) * 2019-05-13 2020-04-03 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 Resin binder CBN grinding wheel for steel rail grinding and preparation method thereof

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