GB2101298A - Detection of fluorescible material on sheet surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

To ascertain whether the surface of a glass sheet (11) which contacted the molten metal bath during production of the glass by the float process is facing in the required direction, traces of metal or metal oxides thereon are detected by fluorescence. A photoelectric device (20) senses the presence of a glass sheet and activates an ultraviolet light (21/22) which is modulated at 22 Hz. The UV light passes through a filter (23) to the sheet and the resulting visible light fluorescence is detected by a photocell (24). When satisfactory fluorescence is detected the ultraviolet light is extinguished and the sheet passed, and when fluorescence is not detected an alarm is activated. Detection of excessive ambient light by the photocell (24) also activates an alarm. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Detection of fluorescible material on sheet surfaces This invention generally relates to the field of inspection and, more particularly, to a method of and apparatus for inspecting a glass surface for the presence or nonpresence of traces of metal or metallic oxides on the glass surface.

As is well known, flat glass is commonly produced by the float process, such as illustrated and described in U.S. Patent No. 3,743,495, issued on July 3, 1973. As there explained, the manufacture of flat glass by the float process involves delivering molten glass at a controlled rate onto a relatively wide bath of molten metal (usually tin) and advancing it along the surface of the bath under physical and thermal conditions which, 1) assure that a layer of molten glass will be established on the bath, 2) that the glass in the layer can flow laterally to develop on the surface of the metal bath a buoyant body of molten glass of stable thickness, and 3) that the buoyant body in ribbon form will be continuously advanced along the bath and sufficiently cooled as it advances to permit it to be taken unharmed out of the bath by mechanical conveying means.

In this process, traces of metal or metallic oxides form on the bottom surface of the glass ribbon as it is removed from the molten bath.

However, these oxides are substantially invisible to the naked eye and do not present any deleterious effects to the end use of the glass. On the other hand, one of the advantages of float glass is that it is formed with the desired surface finish and so need not be ground and polished.

However, while such glass may have excellent optical quality it has been found that the bottom surface of the glass ribbon, that is, the surface in contact with the metallic bath during formation and having the metallic oxides thereon, has a greater degree of planimetry than the top surface of the glass ribbon.

As is well known, in the manufacture of laminated glass products it is desirable to have the surface with the better planimetry on the outer surfaces of the end product. In such units the glass surfaces laminated to the plastic interlayer as well as irregularities thereon are, in effect, eliminated and the optical quality of the finished unit is determined by the outwardly facing surface. Thus, in a manufacturing line it is desirable to have the high quality surfaces of the glass sheets facing in a known direction. In view of the foregoing discussion, the surfaces of glass sheets may be continuously inspected for the presence or nonpresence of metallic oxides thereon for determining the better quality surface of the glass sheets.Accordingly, during the processing of glass sheets, corrective action can be immediately and/or automatically taken in the manufacturing line to insure that the better quality surfaces of the glass sheets face in one direction.

It has been found that ultraviolet light modulated at approximately 22 Hertz, used in conjunction with optical filters that block most of the visible light wavelengths and photocells combined with an amplifier tuned to the same frequency to respond to the ultraviolet light, detects fluorescence of metal or metallic oxides on surfaces of substrates.

Thus, according to the present invention, ultraviolet light modulated at the prescribed frequency is directed against the surface of glass sheets for causing any metallic oxides thereon to fluoresce, and an electronic network processes the signals produced in response to the fluorescence to indicate the presence of metallic oxides. Also, the electronic network is adapted to produce an alarm if traces of metallic oxides are not present on the glass surfaces and/or if the ambient light is of sufficient magnitude to interfere with the detection of fluorescence.

The novel metallic oxides thereon generally contemplates the steps of 1) sensing the presence of a glass sheet for energizing an ultraviolet light source, 2) filtering the ultraviolet light for blocking visible light therefrom, 3) directing the ultraviolet light toward the surface of the glass sheet for causing fluorescence of any metallic oxides thereon, 4) intercepting any fluorescence to produce a signal, 5) processing the signal to extinguish the ultraviolet light when metallic oxides are present on the surface, and 6) initiating an alarm when metallic oxides are not present on the glass surface and/or when ambient light is of sufficient magnitude to interfere with detection of fluorescence.

The apparatus employed to practice this method generally comprises a fluorescent light source for illuminating the surfaces of the glass sheet, a sensor for sensing the presence of a glass sheet and energizing the fluorescent light, optical filters for blocking visible light from the fluorescent light, a light detection device for intercepting fluorescence, and an electronic network for extinguishing the ultraviolet light in the presence of fluorescence and initiating an alarm in the nonpresence of fluorescence and/or in the presence of excessive ambient light.

It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a new and improved type of automatic surface identification system.

Another object of this invention is to provide a surface identification system which is highly reiiable, versatile and relatively simple in design.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide a method of and apparatus for detecting traces of metal or metallic oxides on sheet surfaces wherein the oxides are substantially undetectable by the naked eye.

In the accompanying drawings: Fig. 1 is a perspective view illustrating one manner of employing the surface identification system including a detector unit embodying the invention; Fig. 2 is an enlarged, cross sectional view of the detector unit illustrated in Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic block view of the electronic network employed in the preferred embodiment of the invention.

According to the present invention, there is provided a method of insuring that sheet articles having traces of fluorescent material deposited on one surface during their formation are oriented with said one surface in a prescribed direction, characterized by the steps of illuminating the surface of the sheet with ultraviolet light, intercepting fluorescent light from said fluorescent material, extinguishing the ultraviolet light when fluorescence of said material is detected, and initiating an alarm when fluorescence is not detected.

Also, according to this invention, there is provided an apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article for the presence of traces of fluorescent material thereon, characterized by means for illuminating the surface of the sheet article with a source of ultraviolet light and thereby causing fluorescence of any fluorescent material, an article sensor for activating said illuminating means, a light detection device for intercepting fluorescence from any fluorescent material, and a logic network connected to said article sensing means and said light detection device for extinguishing the source of ultraviolet light when fluorescence is detected and initiating an alarm when fluorescence is not detected.

For convenience and as illustrated in Fig. 1, the surface identification system according to the invention will be described with reference to the inspection of the bottom surfaces 10 of block size glass sheets 11 for the presence or nonpresence of traces of metallic oxides thereon as the sheets 11 move along a roll conveyor 12 over a detector unit, designated in its entirety by the reference numeral 1 3 and forming part of the inspection system. In this instance, the detector unit 1 3 is mounted between a pair of adjacent rolls 1 4 of the conveyor 12. However, it is to be understood that the detector unit 13 may be mounted so as to observe the top surface of the glass sheets and also may be employed with other types of material handling equipment.

Still referring to Fig. 1 as one of the sheets 11, whose bottom surface is to be observed, moves along the conveyor 1 2 to a position above the detector unit 13, its leading edge 1 5 intercepts a light beam 1 6 emitting from a light source 17, to produce a reflected light beam 18. The reflected light beam 18 impinges on a photocell 19 which thereby enables the inspection system to begin an operating cycle as will be described hereinafter.

When the trailing edge (not shown) of the glass sheet 11 clears a light beam 18, the output signal from the photocell 19 is terminated to end the operating cycle of the inspection system, the light source 1 7 and photocell 1 9 constituting a sensor device 20 for sensing the presence of the glass sheet 11.

Referring now to Figs. 1 and 2, the detector unit 13, besides including the sensor 20, also includes an ultraviolet light source comprising a pair of fluorescent mercury lamps 21 and 22, an optical filter 23 for each lamp and a silicon photocell 24.

An opaque enclosure 25 containing the abovementioned elements surrounds the lamps 21 and 22 for preventing ambient light from interfering with their function of illluminating the bottom surface 10 of the glass sheet 11 with ultraviolet light Ultraviolet light, of course, is not transmitted by the glass so that the top surface will not be illuminated.

More specifically and as best illustrated in Fig.

2, each lamp 21 and 22 is mounted within the enclosure 25 above a reflector 26 so that the emitted light passes through the optical filters 23.

The filters 23 block the visible light wavelengths and pass ultraviolet light energy modulated at about 22 Hertz. The filters 23 are so arranged to pass light towards the bottom surface 10 of the glass sheet 11 and the light fluorescing from the surface 10 is reflected downwardly to the photocell 24. Interference by surrounding ambient light is minimized by closely spacing the detector unit 13 to the bottom surface 10 of the glass sheet 11, preferably about .5 inch (12.7 mm) therefrom.

When the bottom surface of the glass sheet 11 has traces of metal or metallic oxides thereon, the modulated ultraviolet energy will cause the metallic oxides to fluoresce and the resultant visible light will be detected by the photocell 24 to produce a signal which is transmitted to an electronic network 27 constituting the balance of the inspection system. When the surface of the glass sheet 11 does not have traces of metallic oxides thereon, that is, the metallic oxides appear on the upper surface of the sheet 11, little or no ultraviolet energy will be transmitted through the sheet and thus, no fluorescence will occur. Thus, no fluorescent light will be detected by the photocell 24 and no signal will be transmitted to the electronic network 27 by the photocell.

Generally speaking, the electronic network 27, composed of a novel arrangement of commercially available devices, may be most conveniently described as being arranged in three component circuits, namely a cycling circuit 28 for beginning and ending an inspection cycle, a checking circuit 29 for monitoring ambient light and a signal recognition circuit 30 for monitoring signals from the photocell 24.

Referring now to Fig. 3, the cycling circuit 28 includes a glass sensor 31 that is activated and deactivated by the sensor device 20, a lamp control unit 32 for controlling the operation of one or more lamp control layers 33, a divider 34 and an oscillator 35, the latter two units timing the operation of the lamp control unit 32. Accordingly, when the glass sensor 31 is activated by the photocell 1 9, it transmits a signal voltage to the lamp control unit 32 and the divider 34 whereby the signal outputted from the lamp control device places the lamps 21 and 22 in a start mode which lasts for approximately one (1) second before the lamps are lighted.

The checking circuit 29 includes an ambient light threshold unit 36 for monitoring any signal from the photocell 24 initiated by ambient light and a high ambient light alarm unit 37 such as a buzzer or light device which is activated when the magnitude of the ambient light is above a predetermined threshold level.

The signal recognition circuit 30 includes an amplifier 38 tuned to 22 Hertz which amplifies the signals outputted from the photocell 24, a rectifier 39 for converting the received signals to DC and a metallic oxide detect threshold unit 40, which transmits a signal to the lamp control unit 32 for extinguishing the lamps 21 and 22 when metallic oxides are detected.

The purpose of modulating the lamps 21 and 22 and tuning the amplifier 36 to a frequency of 22 Hertz is to minimize interference from ambient light which can mask the fluorescence from the metallic oxide on the glass surface.

A DC power supply unit 41 is provided to energize the units of the cycling circuit 28, the checking circuit 29 and the signal recognition circuit 30 with DC voltage.

A constant voltage transformer 42 regulates the 110 AC line voltage to a stable voltage and passes this voltage through the relays 33 for energizing and deenergizing the lamps 21 and 22.

The lamps 21 and 22 are energized and deenergized for each inspection cycle, that is, for the individual inspection of each glass sheet 11 so as to extend the life of the optical filters 23 as the filters slowly deteriorate from exposure to ultraviolet light.

In operation, when a glass sheet 11 having traces of metallic oxides on the surface adjacent the detector unit 1 3 traverses the detector unit, an inspection cycle is initiated by the photocell 19 sending a signal to the glass sensor 31 which, in turn, transmits a signal to the lamp control unit 32 and the divider 34 for placing the lamps 21 and 22 in their start mode which lasts for about one (1) second. Near the end of this time, the photocell 24 is checked to see if ambient light is causing it to emit a signal to the ambient light threshold unit 36 via the amplifier 38.If the signal from the amplifier 38 exceeds the predetermined threshold level of the ambient light threshold unit 36, the ambient light alarm 37 is activated and the threshold unit 36 transmits a signal to the lamp control unit 32 which initiates a non-metallic oxide alarm 43 via the metallic oxide threshold device 40. This set of conditions inhibits the inspection system from looking for metallic oxides, that is, the ambient light is at a level exceeding the system's light operating level and will mask the light fluorescing from the metallic oxides.

Also, the initiation of the non-metallic oxide alarm 43 may be an indication that the optical filters 23 have deteriorated to a point where they no longer satisfactorily perform their filtering function.

When the signal from the amplifier 38 is acceptable by the ambient light threshold unit 36, after a delay of about one (1) second the lamp control unit 32 transmits a signal to the lamp control relay 33 lighting the lamps 21 and 22 and to the metallic oxide detect threshold unit 40, enabling it to receive a signal from the rectifier 39.

When the detect threshold unit 40 receives a signal from the rectifier 39, a signal is transmitted to the lamp control unit 32 which in turn extinguishes the lamps 21 and 22 via the lamp control relay 33 and no signals are outputted by the inspection system. In other words, when metallic oxides are detected on the glass surface 10, the glass sheet 11 is "passed" by the inspection system. On the other hand, when no metallic oxides are detected one second after lighting the lamps 21 and 22, the alarm 43 is activated and the glass sheet is "rejected".

After the trailing edge of the glass sheet 11 traverses the sensor device 20, the signal activating the cycling circuit 28 is terminated and all the units are reset for the next inspection cycle.

Claims (20)

1. A method of insuring that sheet articles having traces of fluorescent material deposited on one surface in a prescribed direction, characterized by the steps of illuminating the surface of the sheet with ultraviolet light, intercepting fluorescent light from said fluorescent material,-extinguishing the ultraviolet light when fluorescence of said material is detected, and initiating an alarm when fluorescence is not detected.

2. A method of insuring that the surface of a sheet article is oriented in a prescribed direction as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the step of modulating the ultraviolet light to a frequency of about 22 Hertz.

3. A method of insuring that the surface of a sheet article is oriented in a prescribed direction as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized by the step or checking for an excess of ambient light.

4. A method of insuring that the surface of a sheet article is oriented in a prescribed direction, as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fluorescent material is tin oxide.

5. A method of insuring that the surface of a sheet article is oriented in a prescribed direction as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ultraviolet light is produced by mercury lamps.

6. A method of insuring that the surface of a sheet article is oriented in a prescribed direction as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the step of filtering the ultraviolet light.

7. An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article for the presence of traces of fluorescent material thereon, characterized by means for illuminating the surface of the sheet article with a source of ultraviolet light and thereby causing fluorescence of any fluorescent material, an article sensor for activating said illuminating means, a light detection device for intercepting fluorescence from any fluorescent material, and a logic network connected to said article sensing means and said light detection device for extinguishing the source of ultraviolet light when fluorescence is detected and initiating an alarm when fluorescence is not detected.

8. An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that said illuminating means comprises at least one ultraviolet lamp and said light detection device comprises a photocell.

9. An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that said ultraviolet lamp is a mercury lamp and said photocell is a silicon photocell.

1 0. An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9, characterized by means for filtering said ultraviolet lamp.

11. An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article as claimed in any of claims 7 to 1 0, characterized by means for modulating the ultraviolet light to a frequency of 22 Hertz.

12. An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article as claimed in any of claims 7 to 11, characterized by means for beginning and ending an inspection cycle of said logic network.

1 3. An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article as claimed in claim 12, wherein said article is advanced along a conveyor and characterized in that said means for beginning and ending the inspection cycle comprises a sensor device including a light source and a photocell for producing a signal in conjunction with the leading edge and the trailing edge of the sheet article.

14. An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article as claimed in claim 7, wherein said fluorescent material is a metallic oxide, characterized in that said logic network includes a cycling circuit operating said sensor for controlling the operation of said ultraviolet light lamp, a signal recognition circuit for monitoring fluorescence and operated by said light detecting device, and a checking circuit for monitoring ambient light and controlling operation of said signal recognition circuit.

1 5. An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that said sensor comprises a light source which emits a light beam which is reflected by the glass article and a photocell for receiving the reflected light beam for producing a signal and activating said cycling circuit.

1 6. An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15, characterized in that said cycling circuit includes a lamp control unit and a timing means comprising a divider and an oscillator for delaying the action of said lamp control unit.

1 7. An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article as claimed in any of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that said light detecting device comprises a photocell and said signal recognition circuit comprises an amplifier, a rectifier and a metallic oxide threshold unit for receiving and processing a fluorescence signal from said photocell.

1 8. An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article as claimed in any of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that said checking circuit includes an ambient light threshold unit and an alarm.

1 9. A method of insuring that sheet articles are oriented with one surface in a prescribed direction substantially as described in the specification.

20. Apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet article for the presence of traces of fluorescent material substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawings.