GB2085494A - Reinforced structures - Google Patents
Reinforced structures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2085494A GB2085494A GB8129974A GB8129974A GB2085494A GB 2085494 A GB2085494 A GB 2085494A GB 8129974 A GB8129974 A GB 8129974A GB 8129974 A GB8129974 A GB 8129974A GB 2085494 A GB2085494 A GB 2085494A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cord
- belt
- assembly
- edge
- arm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
- B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
- B29D30/70—Annular breakers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/26—Folded plies
- B60C9/263—Folded plies further characterised by an endless zigzag configuration in at least one belt ply, i.e. no cut edge being present
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
- B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
- B29D30/08—Building tyres
- B29D30/20—Building tyres by the flat-tyre method, i.e. building on cylindrical drums
- B29D30/30—Applying the layers; Guiding or stretching the layers during application
- B29D2030/3064—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
- B29D2030/3078—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for the layers being applied being substantially continuous, i.e. not being cut before the application step
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Tyre Moulding (AREA)
Abstract
Apparatus for manufacturing tyre breaker fabric comprising an elongate sheet of parallel closely spaced cords formed from a single cord laid in zig- zag fashion such that the edges of the sheet are formed by a series of folded cord edges. The apparatus comprises a cord feed unit (15), guide means (18, 19) for guiding a single cord (16) in zig- zag fashion between two sets of retaining means (13) attached one to either edge of an endless belt (10, 11) for holding the folded cord edges. Stepwise drive means advances the belt (10, 11) and cord assembly (1, 2) to elastomer applying means for applying elastomer to one surface of the cord assembly. Preferably the guide means (18, 19) comprises a pair of arms (18, 19) each pivotally mounted adjacent to a respective one edge of the belt and pivotal to feed the cord (16) to the set of retaining means (13) attached to the opposite edge of the belt (10, 11). <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Reinforced structures
This invention relates to reinforced structures .and in particular to apparatus for manufacturing
tyre tread reinforcement fabric, often known as
breaker fabric and to the method of operating said apparatus.
It relates more specifically to a special type of
breaker fabric as described in co-pending U.K.
Patent Application No. 81/22817 which claims
priority from U.K. Patent Application No. 8024545
(now abandoned). The breaker fabric there
described comprises an elongate sheet of tyre
cord embedded in rubber, the elongate sheet
having edges spaced apart by the width of the
breaker ply for which said fabric is intended
wherein at least in the edge regions, the tyre cord
is all in a single plane such that the sheet in said
regions is only one cord diameter thick, the cords
extending across the sheet to the sheet edges and
each portion of each cord at said edge is folded on
itself about an axis perpendicular to the plane of
the sheet such that the edges of the sheet are
formed by a series of folded cord edges. The cords
are all formed by a single continuous cord which
extends back and forth across the sheet being
folded back on itself at each edge in turn.
It is important in tyre breaker fabric that the
cords are very consistently and accurately
positioned and an object of the present invention
is to provide an apparatus for assembling tyre
breaker fabric of the required consistency.
According to the present invention an
apparatus for making tyre breaker fabric
comprises a tyre cord feeding unit, a fabric
assembly platform comprising an endless belt
having stepwise drive means to move the belt in
the direction of its length, guide means for guiding
the cord from side-to-side of the assembly
platform to form a continuous elongate cord
assembly the edges of which are formed by
respective series of longitudinally spaced folded
cord edges, two sets of retaining means attached
one set to either edge of the belt and arranged to
hold the folded cord edges of the cord assembly
and elastomer applying means to apply elastomer
to one surface of the cord assembly.
Preferably the guide means comprises two cord
shaping arms which move alternately to feed the
cord across the belt between the sets of retaining means. Each arm is preferably pivotally mounted
about a respective axis perpendicular to the plane
of the belt surface. Each arm is preferably pivotally
mounted at or near to one end thereof and the
other end is provided with a cord engaging surface
profiled to impart a fold to the cord. Preferably
each arm is pivotally mounted adjacent to a
respective one edge of the belt and is operable to
feed the cord to the set of retaining means
attached to the opposite edge of the belt. The cord
feeding unit may be mounted at one edge of the
belt or above it.
The endless belt may comprise a single belt of
appropriate width between the sets of retaining means corresponding to the required breaker fabric width but preferably comprises two belt sections arranged side-by-side one another and adjuster means is provided to allow the spacing between the belt sections to be adjusted for producing different breaker fabric widths.
Each retaining means conveniently comprises a series of longitudinally spaced apart wrapping pegs positioned for forming a longitudinal edge of the cord assembly and each folded cord edge is positioned by wrapping around a peg. Preferably each retaining means further includes clip means to position each folded cord edge around its peg and to consolidate the fold.
Each clip means may comprise a plurality of clips which remain on the associated pegs until the elastomer material is applied to consolidate the cord assembly. More preferably each clip means comprises a single clip which positions and consolidates each folded cord edge around its peg and is then released and indexed onto the next peg in turn.
The elastomer applying means preferably comprises a roller mounted on one side of the endless belt to friction rubber sheet into the adjacent surface of the cord assembly.
Further aspects of the invention will be apparent from the following description, given by way of example only, of some embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the attached diagrammatic drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a plan view of a short length of breaker fabric;
Figure 2 is a side view of the fabric of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a plan view of a fabric assembly machine according to the present invention, and
Figure 4 is a side view of part of the machine of
Figure 3.
The breaker fabric shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises an elongate sheet of fabric having parallel, closely-spaced steel wire reinforcement cords 1 and 2 laid at an acute A of 21 to the longitudinal centreline of the elongated sheet. The parallel cord assembly is formed from a single cord laid in zig-zag fashion such that the cords marked 1 when they reach the edge 3 of the sheet are folded back on themselves and follow the cord path marked 2. Similarly at the other edge 4 of the sheet the cords marked 2 are folded back on themselves and follow the cord path marked 1.
The cord assembly thus formed has a looped edge construction.
Figure 2 shows the axis 5 of the fold between adjacent cords 1 and 2 to be perpendicular to the main surface areas of the sheet. Thus the cord assembly at the edge regions of the sheet is only substantially one cord in thickness. The cords are held in the assembled positions by means of unvulcanised rubber compound 6 which is frictioned into the cord assembly.
The resultant tyre cord fabric sheet is the required width for use in tyre building, the cords are at the required bias angle, no cut cord ends exist at the fabric edges and the fabric sheet has a substantially uniform thickness which provides further freedom in tyre design and building methods.
The apparatus for assembling the breaker fabric shown in Figures 1 and 2 is illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 and comprises a building or assembly table 9 formed by a pair of endless belt sections 10 and
11 arranged side-by-side one another. The belt sections 10 and 11 run on conventional belt end
rollers, one of which 12 is shown in Figure 4, and the spacing between the belt sections is adjustable, by means not shown, so that different widths of breaker fabric may be assembled on a single machine.
A series of longitudinally spaced wrapping pegs 1 3 is provided along the outer edge of each belt section 10 and 11. Each wrapping peg 13 projects a short distance from the belt surface.
The drive rollers for the belt sections 10 and 11 are synchronised and are additionally provided with an incremental drive system which allows the belts to be advanced step-wise by half the distance between successive wrapping pegs 1 3.
A steel cord tensioned let-off unit 4 is positioned to one side of the assembly table 9 and a cord feeder unit 1 5 takes the cord 1 6 and drives it towards the assembly table as required. Control means for the feeder unit 1 5 is provided so that the feed rate can be closely controlled to suit the fabric formation demand for cord.
The driven cord 1 7 passes to the surface of the assembly table and is laid in the required zig-zag configuration by a pair of cord shaping arms 1 8 and 1 9. The first arm 1 8 is pivotal about an axis 20, which is perpendicular to the assembly table 9 and positioned to the outside of the wrapping pegs 1 3 associated with belt section 10 whereby the arm 1 8 is movable between the position shown in Figure 3 to a position parallel to previously laid cords 22 to feed the driven cord 1 7 to the wrapping peg 13 associated with belt section 11. Means is provided to adjust the vertical position of the arm 1 8 relative to the assembly table surface 9 so that its return sweep is raised relative to its feed sweep.The arm 1 8 has a shaped outer tip 21 for engagement with the driven cord 17 during its feed sweep. The pivot axis 20 of the shaping arm 1 8 is movable in the direction shown with arrows.
The second arm 1 9 is similar to the arm 1 8 described above except that its pivot axis 23 is positioned a small distance inside the wrapping pegs 1 3 associated with the belt section 11.
A respective cord clip 24 is provided on the outer edge of each belt section 10 and 11 adjacent to the pivot axes of the arms 1 8 and 1 9.
Each clip is similar and comprises a pair of closable jaws 25 and 26 shaped to fit around a wrapping peg 13, a pivot axis 27 for the jaws, drive means for closing the jaws, and drive means to raise the clip 24 from an operative position around a wrapping peg 13 to a standby position clear of the peg 13.
The second stage of the machine indicated by reference number 28 in Figure 3 and shown in more detail in Figure 4 comprises a rubber frictioning unit of basically conventional form. A first unvulcanised rubber sheet 29 is supplied to the upper surface of the cord assembly on the table 9 by a first supply unit 30, and this rubber sheet 29 is rolled or frictioned into place by a roller 31 and consolidated by a first press unit 32 having a fixed platen below the belt sections 10 and 11 and a movable platen above the belt sections 16 and 11. Downstream of the press unit 32 the fabric sheet is stripped from the belt sections 10 and 11 and a second unvulcanised rubber sheet supplied to the lower surface of the fabric sheet by a second supply unit 33.The second sheet is rolled orfrictioned into place by a roller and the fabric sheet consolidated by a final consolidating press unit 34 whereupon the fabric sheet is collected by a batch and haul-off unit 35.
The machine operates as follows:
Starting from the position shown in Figure 3, a length of cord 1 7 fed from the feeder unit 1 5 towards the assembly table 9 is engaged by the tip 21 of the arm 1 8 which is in its lower position for commencing a feed sweep. The arm 1 9 having completed a feed sweep is raised and swung outwards (return sweep) to the edge of belt section t 1. The arm 1 8 is simultaneously swung inwards (feed sweep) to a position parallel to the previously laid cords 22 thereby taking the cord 1 7 across the assembly table to the next free wrapping peg 13 on the opposite belt section 11.
The tip 21 and the cord tension cause the cord 17 to fold around the radius of the tip 21 during the feed sweep and the folded cord edge is positioned between the open jaws of the cord clip 24 adjacent to the outer edge of belt section 11. This positioning of the folded edge is assisted by the pivot axis 20 of the arm 18 being moved in the direction of the arrow B towards the cord clip 24 during the feed sweep. The cord clip 24 holds the folded edge and is lowered to position the folded edge around the wrapping peg 1 3 whereupon the jaws are closed to consolidate the fold. Meanwhile the arm 1 8 is raised from the table 9 away from the cord assembly being formed and the other arm 1 9 and the other cord clip 24 are lowered and raised respectively.
The tip of the arm 1 9 then engages a second fed length of cord 17 and the arm is swung inwards (feed sweep) to a position parallel to previously laid cords 22 thereby taking the cord 1 7 back across the assembly table 9 to the next free wrapping peg on belt section 10 where it iS positioned around the peg by a similar process to that described above. Simultaneously the arm 1 8 is swung outwards (return sweep) to the edge of the belt section 10 and lowered to its initial position ready to lead the next cord length across the table.
As soon as each measured length of cord is laid and consolidated around a wrapping peg 1 3 the associated clip 24 is opened and raised above the peg whereupon the belt sections 10 and 11 are indexed forward one step ready for laying the next traverse of cord.
The zig-zag cord assembly 22 thus formed and
held in the assembled form by the wrapping pegs
1 3 is passed through the first rubber frictioning
unit where the unvulcanised rubber sheet 29 is
applied to the upper surface of the cord assembly.
The belt sections 10 and 11 are then removed from the fabric sheet thus formed thereby
disengaging the wrapping pegs 1 3 from the folded cord edges. The second frictioning unit applies a
further sheet of unvulcanised rubber, and the
sheet of tyre breaker fabric is then batched up.
It will be understood that the invention is not
restricted to the above-described apparatus which
may be modified in a number of ways. For
example the guide means for guiding the driven
cord back and forth across the assembly table may
comprise a single arm positioned above the table
and pivotal about an axis normal to the plane of
the table surface for guiding successive lengths of
fed cord to opposite edges of the table.
Alternatively the guide means may comprise a
cord carrier mounted for reciprocating movement
on a carriage extending transversely of the table.
Claims (24)
1. Apparatus for making tyre breaker fabric
comprising a tyre cord feeding unit, a fabric
assembly platform comprising an endless belt
having stepwise drive means to move the belt in
the direction of its length, guide means for guiding
the cord from side-to-side of the assembly
platform to form a continuous elongate cord
assembly the edges of which are formed by
respective series of longitudinally spaced folded
cord edges, two sets of retaining means attached
one set to either edge of the belt and arranged to
hold the folded cord edges of the cord assembly
and elastomer applying means to apply elastomer
to one surface of the cord assembly.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein the
guide means comprises at least one arm mounted
for pivotal movement about an axis perpendicular
to the plane of the belt surface.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 2 wherein the
guide means comprises a pair of arms.
4. Apparatus according to Claim 3 wherein
each arm is pivotally mounted at or near to one
end thereof and the other end defines a cord
engaging surface.
5. Apparatus according to Claim 4 wherein the
cord engaging surface is profiled to impart a fold
to the cord.
6. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 3
to 6 wherein each arm is pivotally mounted
adjacent to a respective one edge of the belt.
7. Apparatus according to Claim 6 wherein
each arm is pivotal to feed the cord across the
assembly table to the set of retaining means
attached to the opposite edge of the belt.
8. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 3
to 7 wherein each arm is movable in a direction perpendicular to the belt surface.
9. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 3 to 8 wherein the pivot axis of each arm is movable in a direction parallel to the belt surface.
1 0. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the belt comprises two belt sections arranged side-by-side each having an associated set of retaining means attached thereto.
11. Apparatus according to Claim 10 including means for adjusting the spacing between the belt sections.
12. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein each set of retaining means comprises a series of longitudinally spaced wrapping pegs projecting from the surface of the belt around which the folded cord edges are positioned.
13. Apparatus according to Claim 12 wherein each set of retaining means includes clip means to position each folded cord edge around its peg.
14. Apparatus according to Claim 13 wherein each clip means comprises a plurality of clips for retaining a folded cord edge on the associated peg until the elastomer material is applied.
1 5. Apparatus according to Claim 13 wherein each clip means comprises a single clip which positions each folded cord edge around its peg.
16. Apparatus according to Claim 1 5 wherein each clip is movable in a direction perpendicular to the belt surface.
1 7. Apparatus according to any one of
Claims 14, 1 5 and 1 6 wherein each clip comprises a pair of closable jaws.
1 8. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the elastomer applying means comprises a roller mounted on one side of the endless belt to friction rubber into the adjacent surface of the cord assembly.
1 9. Apparatus according to Claim 1 8 wherein the elastomer applying means comprises a pair of rollers mounted one one each side of the belt.
20. Apparatus according to Claim 1 8 or
Claim 19 including a press unit downstream of the elastomer applying means to consolidate the fabric assembly.
21. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims including a haul-off and batch unit downstream of the elastomer applying means.
22. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the guide means is constructed and arranged to lay the cord at an acute angle relative to the direction of movement of the belt.
23. Apparatus for making tyre breaker fabric substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
24. Tyre breaker fabric made by the apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8129974A GB2085494B (en) | 1980-10-16 | 1981-10-05 | Reinforced structures |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8033331 | 1980-10-16 | ||
| GB8129974A GB2085494B (en) | 1980-10-16 | 1981-10-05 | Reinforced structures |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2085494A true GB2085494A (en) | 1982-04-28 |
| GB2085494B GB2085494B (en) | 1984-05-10 |
Family
ID=26277228
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8129974A Expired GB2085494B (en) | 1980-10-16 | 1981-10-05 | Reinforced structures |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2085494B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0270478A2 (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1988-06-08 | Apsley Metals Limited | Tyre reinforcing component |
| WO1989004251A1 (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1989-05-18 | Holroyd Associates Limited | Manufacture of flexible reinforced polymeric article |
| WO1989004772A1 (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1989-06-01 | Holroyd Associates Limited | Reinforced polymeric article |
| FR2623786A1 (en) * | 1987-11-30 | 1989-06-02 | Michelin & Cie | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR APPLYING WIRES TO A SUPPORT ESPECIALLY IN A SOFT FORM |
| US7501040B2 (en) | 2003-06-04 | 2009-03-10 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Pneumatic tire and method of scrapping the same |
-
1981
- 1981-10-05 GB GB8129974A patent/GB2085494B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0270478A2 (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1988-06-08 | Apsley Metals Limited | Tyre reinforcing component |
| EP0270478A3 (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1988-08-10 | Apsley Metals Limited | Tyre reinforcing component |
| WO1989004251A1 (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1989-05-18 | Holroyd Associates Limited | Manufacture of flexible reinforced polymeric article |
| WO1989004772A1 (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1989-06-01 | Holroyd Associates Limited | Reinforced polymeric article |
| GB2212455A (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1989-07-26 | Holroyd Associates Ltd | Manufacture of flexible reinforced polymeric article |
| GB2212455B (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1992-01-15 | Holroyd Associates Ltd | Manufacture of flexible reinforced polymeric article |
| FR2623786A1 (en) * | 1987-11-30 | 1989-06-02 | Michelin & Cie | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR APPLYING WIRES TO A SUPPORT ESPECIALLY IN A SOFT FORM |
| EP0318791A1 (en) * | 1987-11-30 | 1989-06-07 | COMPAGNIE GENERALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN-MICHELIN & CIE | Apparatus and method for applying cords onto a support |
| US4981542A (en) * | 1987-11-30 | 1991-01-01 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin - Michelin & Cie | Device and process for applying threads on a support |
| AU620828B2 (en) * | 1987-11-30 | 1992-02-27 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin - Michelin & Cie | Device and process for applying threads on a support |
| US5134024A (en) * | 1987-11-30 | 1992-07-28 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin - Michelin & Cie | Reinforcing ply for a penumatic tire containing reinforcing fibers in a sinusoidal pattern |
| US7501040B2 (en) | 2003-06-04 | 2009-03-10 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Pneumatic tire and method of scrapping the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2085494B (en) | 1984-05-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19921005 |