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GB2061174A - Drawn fleece materials - Google Patents

Drawn fleece materials Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2061174A
GB2061174A GB8029705A GB8029705A GB2061174A GB 2061174 A GB2061174 A GB 2061174A GB 8029705 A GB8029705 A GB 8029705A GB 8029705 A GB8029705 A GB 8029705A GB 2061174 A GB2061174 A GB 2061174A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
fibres
felt
filter
break
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB8029705A
Other versions
GB2061174B (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Freudenberg KG
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Freudenberg KG filed Critical Carl Freudenberg KG
Publication of GB2061174A publication Critical patent/GB2061174A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2061174B publication Critical patent/GB2061174B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/0202—Separation of non-miscible liquids by ab- or adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/08—Thickening liquid suspensions by filtration
    • B01D17/10—Thickening liquid suspensions by filtration with stationary filtering elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • B01D39/163—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin sintered or bonded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0414—Surface modifiers, e.g. comprising ion exchange groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0457—Specific fire retardant or heat resistant properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0464—Impregnants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0654—Support layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
    • B01D2239/1291—Other parameters

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A formed product produced by needling a fibrous web containing at least 10% by weight of fibres having an elongation at break of at least 100% at a temperature 150 C degrees below the melting point of the said fibres, heating the resultant needled felt at a temperature at or above that at which the said fibres have an elongation at break of at least 100%, and draw-forming the heated felt. These products can be used as filter materials. Figure 1 shows a deep drawn double layer filter for oil/ water separation whilst Figure 2 shows an air conditioning filter comprising a non-woven needed fabric 4 having deep drawn recesses 5 filled with absorbents and bactericides 6 and covered by an air permeable non-woven sheet 7. Fibres suitable for use in the invention are acrylonitrile-PVC copolymer fibres, undrawn polyester fibres, polyamide fibres or PVC/PVA copolymer fibres. The fibres may be mixed with other perhaps thermoplastic films and may be bonded with a thermoplastics binder. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Drawn fleece materials Mesh, cloth or non-woven fabric filters, fixed in position using metal, cloth or plastics frames, have been used in association with fans, in ventilation apparatus. However, such filters provide only a small ventilation area, so that the ambient air is likely to be polluted. Further, too high a load may be imposed on the fan motor. Such difficulties can be overcome by using non-woven fabrics obtained by deep-draw forming as the filter. They provide sufficient depth to reduce pressure loss. Oil/water separation filters can also be obtained by deep-drawing non-woven fabrics.
A disadvantage which has been observed in deep-drawing non-woven fabrics for use as filters is that the fibres of the fabrics are liable partially to disentangle or to break. Alternatively, the product may distort substantially. In either case, the suitability of the product as a filter is reduced.
According to the present invention, a fibrous web comprising at least 10% by weight of fibres having an elongation at break of at least 100% at a temperature 150 C degrees below their melting point is needled, the resulting felt is heated to a temperature higher than 150 C degrees below the said melting point, and the preheated felt is draw4ormed.
A A formed fabric of the invention can have a draw ratio of more than 200%, relative to unit area, and can be substantially free of inherent distortion.
As used herein, the term "elongation at break" means the difference between the length of a fibre at break and the normal fibre length, divided by the normal fibre length. The term "drawn ratio, relative to unit area" means the value obtained by dividing the post-forming area by the pre-forming area.
Suitable fibres having an elongation at break of at least 100% at 150 C degrees below their melting point include fibres of acrylonitrile-polyvinyl chloride copolymers e.g. Kanekalon HE supplied by Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co, undrawn polyester, e.g. Tetoron T-211 supplied by Toray Industries Inc., polyamides, e.g. nylon 66, and polyvinyl chloride-polyvinyl acetate copolymers, e.g. Wacker MP available from Wacker Chemie GmbH.
If the product of the invention is to be used as an air-conditioning filter, it is usually preferred that the starting web should contain at least 30% by weight of fire-retardant thermoplastic fibres. If the product is to be used for oil/water separation, it is preferred that the web should contain at least 20% by weight of oil-resistant thermoplastic fibres. In general, the fibres in the web will be selected having regard to the use of the product.
The starting web will usually be subjected to needling in sheet form. The needling of the web provides a fibrous felt in which the fibres tend to lie in the direction of the sheet thickness. The needling density is preferably from 10 to 300 cm-2. Particularly when the product is to be used as an airconditioning filter, the needling density is more preferably from 10 to 100 cm - 2 When the product is to be used for water/oil separation, the needling density will usually be from 15 to 300 cm-2.
If it is desired that the product of the invention should have particularly good shape-retention properties, the non-woven sheet of entangled fibres may be bonded using a thermoplastic material. The material may be applied by spray or roll bonding, or it may be sprayed on as a powder. In this way, a fibrous felt having good mouldability can be obtained.
The choice of thermoplastic material will be selected having regard to the end use of the product.
If it is to be used as an air-conditioning filter, a thermoplastic emulsion having high fire-retardance or an adhesive emulsion or powder comprising a synthetic resin and a fire-retarding agent may be used. For oil/water separation purposes, oil-resistant resins such as chloroprene, acrylonitrile, urethane or acrylic resins may be used.
When the product of the invention is to be used as an oil/water separation filter, it may be desired to treat the felt with a water-repellent oil-resistant agent, e.g. a fluorine-based or silicone-based material. Preferably, a melamine cross-linking treatment is used. The water-repellent treatment ensures that when the product is formed to, for example, a U-shaped (in cross-section) filter, oil in an oil/water mixture passes through the filter whereas water is retained. If a particularly high degree of oil/water separation is desired, a hydrophilic substance or hydrophilic fibres may be inserted between inner and outer layers of the web. Alternatively, that surface of the web or felt which comes into contact with the material to be filtered, in use, may be treated with a water-sbsorbing material.
It is suggested above that it may be desirable to provide a web having distinct layers. Particularly when the produce is to be used as an oil/water separation filter, it may be desirable to ensure that the web or the needled felt has a lower density gradient at one face than at the other.
After needling and any subsequent treatment that may be desired, the fibrous felt is heated at a temperature at or below, but no more than 150 C degrees below, the melting point of the fibres which have an elongation at break of 100% or more at 1 50 C. The pre-heated felt is then deep-drawn, e.g.
by vacuum-forming or pressure-forming, using a mould having the desired shape, to produce a formed non-woven fabric.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure l is a cross-sectional view of a product of the invention; and Figure 2 is a partially cut-away perspective view of an air-conditioning filter including a formed fabric material according to the invention.
Figure 1 shows a formed fabric 1 of the invention suitable for use as a cylindrical filter and comprising an inner layer 2 and an outer layer 3. For oil/water separation, the outer layer may have a higher density gradient than the inner layer.
Figure 2 shows a formed non-woven fabric 4 having a plurality of recesses 5 formed by deep-draw forming. The recesses are filled with materials 6 such as absorbents and bactericides. An airpermeable non-woven sheet 7 is bonded on to the formed material.
The following Examples illustrate the invention.
All parts are by weight.
Example 1 A fibrous web containing 40 parts of acrylonitrilepolyvinyl chloride copolymer fibres (20 d/76 mm), 30 parts of polyester fibres (15 d/56 mm) and 30 parts of polyolefinpolyethylene fibres (6 d/52 mm) is nee-dled-punched with a needle arrangement 15x18x32x31/2 RB, needle penetration 10 mm, needle density 30 cm-2. The needle felt is then subjected to roller-impregnation with a polyvinylidene chloride latex to obtain a non-woven fabric 1.5 mm thick and weighing 100 g/m2. The fabric is then heated at 130 C for one minute and then thermoformed in a circular mould having concavities and convexities up to 5 cm deep. The formed material thus obtained isfire-retardant, exhibits good shaperetention, and has a high degree of air-permeability, making it suitable for use as a filter.When attached to a ventilating fan using conventional, simple framing, it works satisfactorily as a filter.
Example 2 A fibrous web consisting of 50 parts of undrawn polyester fibres (1.5 d/51 mm), 20 parts of polyacry lonitrile fibres (4 d/51 mm) and 30 parts of polyamide fibres (3 d/51 mm) is needle-punched at a needling density of 100 cm-2 to obtain a needled felt weighing 500 git2. The needled felt is impregnated with chloroprene latex to give a fibre:resin ratio of 60:40.
After thus bonding the fibres, the felt is treated with a fluorine-based water-repellent material containing a melamine cross-linking agent, to a pick-up of 8 g/m2. The thus-treated non-woven fabric is heated at 130 C for three seconds and then pressed in a cylindrical mould having concavities and convexities, to obtain a deep-formed material.
The product of this example is a water-repellent formed fabric suitable for use as a filter. It was used to filter an oil/water mixture containing 10% water, and good results were obtained.

Claims (7)

1. Aformed product produced by needling a fibrous web containing at least 10% by weight of fibres having an elongation at break of at least 100% at a temperature 150 C degrees below the melting point of the said fibres, heating the resultant needled felt at a temperature at or above that at which the said fibres have an elongation at break of at least 100%, the draw-forming the heated felt.
2. A process according to claim 1 in which the needled felt is heated at a temperature no less than 150 C deg rees below the melting point of the said fibres.
3. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2 in which the needled felt is heated at a temperature below the melting point of the said fibres.
4. A product according to any preceding claim in which the web is needled at a density of from 10 to 300 cm-2.
5. A product according to any preceding claim in which the web comprises two layers.
6. A product according to claim 1 substantially as described in Example 1 or Example 2.
7. A product according to claim 1 substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 1 or Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
GB8029705A 1979-09-18 1980-09-15 Drawn fleece materials Expired GB2061174B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP11982279A JPS5643457A (en) 1979-09-18 1979-09-18 Production of nonwoven fabric molded article

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2061174A true GB2061174A (en) 1981-05-13
GB2061174B GB2061174B (en) 1983-03-09

Family

ID=14771098

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8029705A Expired GB2061174B (en) 1979-09-18 1980-09-15 Drawn fleece materials

Country Status (3)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5643457A (en)
DE (1) DE3029752A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2061174B (en)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2149686A (en) * 1983-10-26 1985-06-19 Ti Domestic Appliances Ltd Gas filters and apparatus
US4636231A (en) * 1985-08-15 1987-01-13 Allied Corporation Panel air filter
US4661132A (en) * 1985-08-15 1987-04-28 Allied Corporation Themally formed gradient density filter
GB2210806A (en) * 1987-10-09 1989-06-21 Allen Davies & Co Limited Atmosphere control device
US4861535A (en) * 1985-06-14 1989-08-29 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for preparing formable sheet structures
US5174936A (en) * 1985-06-14 1992-12-29 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for preparing yarn component suitable for use in formable sheet structures
GB2376654A (en) * 2001-05-18 2002-12-24 Lawton Peter Geoffrey Moulding filter sheets
US8206593B2 (en) 2004-12-03 2012-06-26 Fluidigm Corporation Microfluidic chemical reaction circuits
EP2861508B1 (en) 2012-06-18 2017-03-15 K-fee System GmbH Portion capsule and method for producing a beverage by means of a portion capsule
US10737876B2 (en) 2015-07-13 2020-08-11 K-Fee System Gmbh Filter element having a cut-out
CN112316494A (en) * 2020-10-27 2021-02-05 洪月恒 Preparation method of separation membrane applied to separation of oil-water emulsion
US11045035B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2021-06-29 K-Fee System Gmbh Adapter for a single serve capsule
US11084650B2 (en) 2015-06-10 2021-08-10 K-Fee System Gmbh Portion capsule with a three-ply nonwoven fabric
US12227323B2 (en) 2018-07-27 2025-02-18 Gcs German Capsule Solution Gmbh Method for producing a portion capsule

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1157112B (en) * 1982-12-03 1987-02-11 Firab Spa Fabbrica Italiana Ri MONOSTRATIFIED FIBROUS MATERIAL PARTICULARLY FOR PANELS FOR AUTOMOTIVE USE AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE
DE3610381A1 (en) * 1986-03-27 1987-10-01 Norddeutsche Faserwerke Gmbh FLAT TEXTILE
JPS63159563A (en) * 1986-12-18 1988-07-02 東亜紡織株式会社 Production of needle carpet molded product
JPS63204951A (en) * 1987-02-20 1988-08-24 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Automatic answering telephone set
JPH0538812Y2 (en) * 1988-12-30 1993-09-30
DE19820560A1 (en) * 1998-05-08 1999-11-11 Mgf Gutsche & Co Gmbh Betriebs Filter material of woven glass fibers
DE10036169C2 (en) * 2000-07-25 2002-12-19 Daimler Chrysler Ag Process for the preparation of a semi-finished fiber composite, semi-finished fiber composite and crash structure produced therefrom

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5230340B2 (en) * 1974-06-29 1977-08-08
JPS5940307B2 (en) * 1976-09-06 1984-09-29 ソニー株式会社 Manufacturing method of insulated gate field effect transistor
SE411072B (en) * 1977-06-07 1979-11-26 Lenberg Rustan COMPASS WITH COURSE INDICATORS

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2149686A (en) * 1983-10-26 1985-06-19 Ti Domestic Appliances Ltd Gas filters and apparatus
US4861535A (en) * 1985-06-14 1989-08-29 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for preparing formable sheet structures
US5174936A (en) * 1985-06-14 1992-12-29 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for preparing yarn component suitable for use in formable sheet structures
US4636231A (en) * 1985-08-15 1987-01-13 Allied Corporation Panel air filter
US4661132A (en) * 1985-08-15 1987-04-28 Allied Corporation Themally formed gradient density filter
GB2210806A (en) * 1987-10-09 1989-06-21 Allen Davies & Co Limited Atmosphere control device
GB2376654A (en) * 2001-05-18 2002-12-24 Lawton Peter Geoffrey Moulding filter sheets
GB2376654B (en) * 2001-05-18 2005-03-30 P G Lawton Moulding filter sheets
US8206593B2 (en) 2004-12-03 2012-06-26 Fluidigm Corporation Microfluidic chemical reaction circuits
EP2861508B1 (en) 2012-06-18 2017-03-15 K-fee System GmbH Portion capsule and method for producing a beverage by means of a portion capsule
EP2861508B2 (en) † 2012-06-18 2023-10-25 K-fee System GmbH Portion capsule and method for producing a beverage by means of a portion capsule
US11084650B2 (en) 2015-06-10 2021-08-10 K-Fee System Gmbh Portion capsule with a three-ply nonwoven fabric
US10737876B2 (en) 2015-07-13 2020-08-11 K-Fee System Gmbh Filter element having a cut-out
US11498750B2 (en) 2015-07-13 2022-11-15 Gcs German Capsule Solution Gmbh Filter element having a cut-out
US11045035B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2021-06-29 K-Fee System Gmbh Adapter for a single serve capsule
US12227323B2 (en) 2018-07-27 2025-02-18 Gcs German Capsule Solution Gmbh Method for producing a portion capsule
CN112316494A (en) * 2020-10-27 2021-02-05 洪月恒 Preparation method of separation membrane applied to separation of oil-water emulsion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63542B2 (en) 1988-01-07
DE3029752A1 (en) 1981-03-26
GB2061174B (en) 1983-03-09
JPS5643457A (en) 1981-04-22

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