GB2058890A - Improvements in or relating to bollards - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to bollards Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2058890A GB2058890A GB8028717A GB8028717A GB2058890A GB 2058890 A GB2058890 A GB 2058890A GB 8028717 A GB8028717 A GB 8028717A GB 8028717 A GB8028717 A GB 8028717A GB 2058890 A GB2058890 A GB 2058890A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- bollard
- head portion
- fixing means
- post
- anchor portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F13/00—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions
- E01F13/04—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions movable to allow or prevent passage
- E01F13/08—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions movable to allow or prevent passage by swinging into closed position about a transverse axis situated in the road surface, e.g. tiltable sections of the road surface, tiltable parking posts
- E01F13/085—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions movable to allow or prevent passage by swinging into closed position about a transverse axis situated in the road surface, e.g. tiltable sections of the road surface, tiltable parking posts specially adapted for individual parking spaces
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
- E01F9/623—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by form or by structural features, e.g. for enabling displacement or deflection
- E01F9/631—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by form or by structural features, e.g. for enabling displacement or deflection specially adapted for breaking, disengaging, collapsing or permanently deforming when deflected or displaced, e.g. by vehicle impact
- E01F9/635—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by form or by structural features, e.g. for enabling displacement or deflection specially adapted for breaking, disengaging, collapsing or permanently deforming when deflected or displaced, e.g. by vehicle impact by shearing or tearing, e.g. having weakened zones
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
- E01F9/623—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by form or by structural features, e.g. for enabling displacement or deflection
- E01F9/646—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by form or by structural features, e.g. for enabling displacement or deflection extensible, collapsible or pivotable
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
- F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
- F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
Abstract
A bollard suitable for use in road traffic control applications, for example to control or restrict the access of road vehicles into controlled zones, comprising a head portion 2, an anchor portion 1 adapted to be embedded in the ground, and fixing means 15 for fixing the head portion to the anchor portion in an upright position and in such a way that the head portion collapses in a predetermined manner when subjected to an impact above a predetermined magnitude. As disclosed, the head portion is pivotable between the upright position and a horizontal position on release of locking means. The bollard is preferably sufficiently rigid to withstand minor accidental impacts from both light and heavy vehicles without serious damage, and predetermined collapse is ensured by fracture of the fixing means thereby tending to avoid serious damage to the head or anchor portions as a result of a severe impact. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to bollards
This invention relates to bollards suitale for use in road traffic control applications, and especially to the kind of bollard used for controlling or restricting the acces of road vehicles into so-called "controlled zones" such as market areas, shopping precincts, controlled parking areas, access ways and pedestrian walkways.
Such bollards should be sufficiently strong and robuts to withstand vandalism and accidential impact from both light and heavy vehicles without serious damage, and to provide an effective deterrent against forced entry into areas controlled by the bollard. However, it is impracticable to provide a bollard which is capable of remaining intact in the event of a severe impact, say from a head-on collision from a heavy goods vehicle, and conventional bollards of this type are prone either to become distorted or broken as a result of such an impact and/or to tear up the road or pavement in which they are anchored.
In any event, re-installation of the bollard will normally require complete replacement and involve considerable time and expense.
According to the present invention, a bollard suitable for road traffic control applications comprises an anchor portion adapted in use to be anchored firmly in the ground, a head portion, and fixing means for fixing the head portion to the anchor portion in an upright position in such a way that the head portion collapses in a predetermined manner when subjected to an impact above a predetermined magnitude.
Preferably, collapse of the bollard in the predetermined manner is determined by fracture of the fixing means, for example under tensile loading applied to it when the head portion is subjected to an impact above said predetermined magnitude.
In this way, the risk of substantial damage to the main components of the bollard can be minimised, and the size of the impact needed to cause said predetermined collapse can be controlled by appropriate selection of the strength of the fixing means. Of course, the other bollard components should be of sufficient strength in relation to the fixing means as to ensure that the fixing means gives way or fails first in the event of such an impact. For normal traffic conditions, the threshold impact force (T.l.F.) above which predetermined collapse of the bollard head occurs depends on the type and strength of the fixing means e.g. bolts or screws, used; thus the T.l.F. can be preselected by appropriate selection of the fixing means.Thus, e.g. for smoothly applied (rather than sudded) forces, the T.l.F. may be in the range of 2 to 1 5 tons force, applied to the bollard head at about 0.5 metre above ground level.
In a preferred embodiment, the head portion may be manually collapsed into a horizontal position upon release of locking means to permit temporary access to a controlled zone, and to prevent unauthorised removal of the head portion, access to at least part of the fixing means may be inhibited when the head portion is locked in its upright position.
The bollard may suitably be constructed of mild steel plate, hot dipped galvanised to afford protection against weathering.
It will be understood that the invention includes within its scope components of the bollard whether or not installed in an operative location.
The invention will now be described in greater detail, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a bollard in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view on an enlarged scale taken through the base region of the head portion of the bollard; and
Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bollard along the line Ill-Ill of Figure 2.
Referring to the drawings, the bollard shown in Figure 1 comprises an anchor portion 1 and a head portion 2 including a base member 3 in which a main head member or bollard part 4 of hollow section is pivotally mounted. The base member 3 of the head portion 2 is of channel section formed in its opposing side walls 3a with two pairs of aligned holes. As shown in Figure 2, a swivel pin 5 is permanently retained in one of these pairs of holes and extends through a corresponding pair of holes in the base region of the bollard post 4 whereby the latter is pivotally supported in the base member 3. The bollard post 4 may thus be pivoted between a substantially horizontal position in which it lies parallel to the floor of the channel section base member 3, and a perpendicular upright position.The post may be locked in this upright position by means of a locking pin 6 insertable through the second pair of holes in the base member and a corresponding pair of holes in the base region of the post 4 which pairs of holes are in register with one another when the post is in the upright position. The locking pin is formed at one end with a hole 7 whereby it can be secured against unauthorised removal by means of a padlock 8.
Extending from the free surface of the base member 3 is a tubular projection 9 to assist in locating the head portion 2 in the anchor portion 1 of the bollard. The anchor portion comprises a flange plate 1 0 formed with an aperture 1 a rigid tube 12 projecting at right angles from one face of the flange plate in register with the aperture, and an "earth" plate 1 3 secured across the free end of the tube 12. The flange plate 10 and the tube 12 are reinforced by integral gussets that extend partly (as shown) or fully along the tube 1 2. The internal diameter of the anchor tube 12 corresponds to the external diameter of the tubular projection 9 of the base member 3 to provide a sliding fit therefore as shown in Figure 3.
The floor of the base plate 3 is formed with a plurality, four in this example, of bolt holes through which 4 high tensile bolts 1 5 (not shown in Figure 1) for rigidly fixing the head portion 2 of the bollard to the anchor portion 1 are inserted into corresponding tapped bores 14 in the flange plate 11 of the anchor portion. When assembled, two of these bolts 15 are concealed beneath the bollard post to prevent unauthorised removal of the head portion.
To install the bollard, the anchor portion 1 is positioned with its flange plate 10 flush with ground level, and embedded in a (3:1) concrete, or more suitably a ferro-concrete, mix extending approximately 45 cm square around the anchor portion. In this portions the earth plate 13 serves to provide additional anchorage particularly in the event of a severe impact on the bollard post 4.
The head portion 2 is then mounted on the anchor portion 1 by inserting the tubular projection 9 of the base member into the anchor tube 12 as shown in Figure 3, and rotating the head portion to align the four bolt-holes in the base member 3 with the corresponding tapped bores in the flange plate 1 0.
The four high tensile steel bolts 1 5 are screwed down tightly to secure the head portion firmly to the anchor portion and the post 4 then pivoted to its upright position and locked in place by the locking pin 6. Whenever access is required to an area controlled by the bollards the post 4 may be lowered to its horizontal position by releasing the locking pin 6. Only in this position can the two bolts 1 5 normally concealed beneath the post when in its upright position, be unbolted to permit complete removal of the bollard head.
The provision of the four fixing bolts 1 5 in combination with the specially strengthened base
member 3, flange plate 10 and base region of the post 4, as hereinafter discussed, impart sufficient
strength and stability to the bollard to enable it to withstand accidental minor impacts from both light
and heavy vehicles.
Typical approximate dimensions for such a bollard constructed of hot-dipped galvanised mild steel
plate and suitable for use in conditions of heavy traffic are as follows:
Bollard post height: 1 metre
Bollard post cross-section: 10 cm square
Depth of Anchor Portion 1: 25 to 23 cm
Flange plate 10: 14 cm square
Earth plate 13: 10 cm square
Floor of base member 3: 14 cm square
Side walls of base member (height): 7.5 cm
Internal diameter of Anchor tube 12: 3.5 cm Diameter of bolts 15: 1.27 cm
Diameter of Swivel pin 5: 2 cm
Diameter of locking pin 6: 2.5 cm Average plate thickness of flange
plate 10: 1.5 cm Average plate thickness pf base
member 3: 1.5 cm Average plate thickness of base
region of bollard post 4: 1.5 cm
The relatively large plate thicknesses of the flange plate 10, the base member 3, and the base
region of the bollard post 4 (as shown in Figures 2 and 3) are also required to ensure that, when the
bollard is installed with its head portion securely fixed to the anchor portion by means of the four high tensile bolts 1 5, and with its post 4 locked in the upright position, the bolts 1 5 will fail or fracture first in the event of a severe impact above a predetermined magnitude. This will terid to minimise damage to the components of the bollard so that it may simply be reassembled using a new set of bolts.
To avoid the need to form the entire bollard post 4 from metal of the thickness required in the base region thereof, internal stiffening plates 1 7 are attached locally to the two side walls through which the swivel and locking pins 5, 6 extend. The required rigidity of the flange plate 10 and the base member 3 may be achieved by using plate metal of the required thickness, i.e. 1.5 cm, although thinner plate thicknesses may be used with the addition of suitable stiffening ribs or braces to achieve the same degree of strength.
By appropriate design of the bollard in this way, the tensile loading applied to the four fixing bolts
1 5 in the event of a severe impact, such as might be received by a head-on collision from a 30-ton lorry,
causes the bolts 1 5 to become decapitated and ensures that the head portion will collapse in a
predetermined manner. The threshold impact force at or above which such collapse will occur will, inter
alia, depend on the number and tensile strength of the bolts 1 5, and accordingly the number, type and
size of bolts used can be varied to achieve different impact thresholds to suit different conditions. In
addition to providing a more positive support for the head portion 2, in the anchor portion 2, the tubular
projection 9 of the base member 3 serves to protect the bolts 1 5 from shear stresses which might
otherwise weaken them as a result of continuous minor impacts or causes them to shear altogether in
the event of a major impact. The rigidity of the anchor portion may additionally be increased by plate
steel brackets 1 8 welded between the flange plate 10 and the anchor tube 12 as shown in Figure 3.
Claims (13)
1. A bollard suitable for road traffic control applications comprising an anchor portion adapted in
use to be anchored firmly in the ground, a head portion, and fixing means for fixing the head portion to
the anchor portion in an upright position in such a way that the head portion collapses in a
predetermined manner when subjected to an impact above a predetermined magnitude.
2. A bollard as claimed in claim 1, wherein collapse of the bollard in said predetermined manner is
determined by fracture of the fixing means.
3. A bollard as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fixing means is arranged to fracture under tensile
loading applied to it when the head portion is subjected to an impact above said predetermined
magnitude.
4. A bollard as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fixing means comprises bolts securing the head
portion to the anchor portion such that the bolts are decapitated when the head portion is subjected to
an impact above said predetermined threshold.
5. A bollard as claimed in claim 4, wherein the bolts are high tensile steel bolts, or black steel
bolts.
6. A bollard as claimed in claims 3, 4 or 5, including means for protecting the fixing means against shear stresses when the head portion is subjected to an impact.
7. A bollard as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the head portion includes a main bollard post and a base member on which the bollard post is pivotally mounted and by means of which the 'head portion is arranged to be fixed in use to the anchor portion by the fixing means so that the bollard post is pivotable between a substantially horizontal position and said upright position, the bollard further including means for locking the bollard post in said upright position.
8. A bollard as claimed in claim 7, wherein the bollard post is designed to inhibit access to the fixing means when it its upright position to prevent unauthorised removal of the head portion from the
anchor portion.
9. A bollard as claimed in claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the base member is formed with a projection
insertable in a socket provided in the anchor portion to positively locate the two portions against transverse relative movement when fixed together by the fixing means.
10. A bollard as claimed in claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein the base member of the head portion is of channel section in which one end of the bollard post is pivotally supported between the side walls of the channel.
11. A bollard as claimed in claim 10, wherein the fixing means is arranged in use, to fix the floor of the channel-section base member in lapping engagement with a co-operating flange formed on the anchor portion.
12. A bollard substantially as shown in and as hereinbefore described with reference to, the accompanying drawings.
13. The head portion of a bollard as claimed in any preceding claim.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8028717A GB2058890A (en) | 1979-09-20 | 1980-09-05 | Improvements in or relating to bollards |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7932556 | 1979-09-20 | ||
| GB8028717A GB2058890A (en) | 1979-09-20 | 1980-09-05 | Improvements in or relating to bollards |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2058890A true GB2058890A (en) | 1981-04-15 |
Family
ID=26272946
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8028717A Withdrawn GB2058890A (en) | 1979-09-20 | 1980-09-05 | Improvements in or relating to bollards |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2058890A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4713910A (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1987-12-22 | ARMO Gesellschaft fur Bauelemente, Bau - und Wohnbedarf GmbH | Barrier post for parking lots and passageways |
| GB2197899A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1988-06-02 | Cleanline Fabrications | Lockable barrier |
| WO2005111311A2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2005-11-24 | Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. | Removable delineator post and method for the use thereof |
-
1980
- 1980-09-05 GB GB8028717A patent/GB2058890A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4713910A (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1987-12-22 | ARMO Gesellschaft fur Bauelemente, Bau - und Wohnbedarf GmbH | Barrier post for parking lots and passageways |
| GB2197899A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1988-06-02 | Cleanline Fabrications | Lockable barrier |
| GB2197899B (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1990-08-01 | Cleanline Fabrications | Improvements in or relating to a lockable barrier |
| WO2005111311A2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2005-11-24 | Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. | Removable delineator post and method for the use thereof |
| WO2005111311A3 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2006-05-04 | Energy Absorption System | Removable delineator post and method for the use thereof |
| US7249910B2 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2007-07-31 | Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. | Removable delineator post and method for the use thereof |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |