GB2051650A - Automatic punching and bending machine - Google Patents
Automatic punching and bending machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2051650A GB2051650A GB7941628A GB7941628A GB2051650A GB 2051650 A GB2051650 A GB 2051650A GB 7941628 A GB7941628 A GB 7941628A GB 7941628 A GB7941628 A GB 7941628A GB 2051650 A GB2051650 A GB 2051650A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- bending
- punching
- machine
- bending device
- punching device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F1/00—Bending wire other than coiling; Straightening wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
- Wire Processing (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
Abstract
In an automatic punching and bending machine 10, wire- or strip- feed means 14, a punch 16 and a bender 18 comprising a plurality of radial slides each carrying a tool arranged about a central work station have a common drive and the interspace between the bender 18 and the punch 16 is adjustable in dependence on the length of the work pieces being formed, enabling series of different length work pieces of high precision to be produced in the same machine 10. The bending device 18 may be removable for easy replacement by one which has been re-set during a preceding working process. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Automatic punching and bending machine
The present invention relates to an automatic punching and bending machine for the production of multi-form small parts from metal band or wire comprising a draw-in system for the band or wire, a punching device and at least one bending device, the bending device consisting of a plurality of slide units each provided with a bending tool, the slide units being arranged around a central working station, a central driving mechanism for driving the plurality of bending tools, the punching device and the draw-in system.
In known punching and bending machines of this kind, the punching device and the bending device form a construction unit with a fixed space between one another. This space is large with respect to the longitudinal dimensions of the small parts to be produced.
Difficulties arise with respect to the exact transport of the small work pieces between the punching device and the bending device if different series of small work pieces are to be produced in the machine.
An object of the invention is to provide a punching and bending machine which can be easily reset or adapted for the production of different work pieces.
It is possible to provide an improvement of the known machine in order to avoid an inaccurate delivery of the work pieces from the punching device to the bending device especially when work pieces of different dimensions are to be produced by the machine.
According to the invention, there is provided an automatic punching and bending machine for the production of multi-form small parts from metal band or wire comprising a draw-in system for the band or wire, a punching device and at least one bending device, the bending device consisting of a plurality of slide units each provided with a bending tool, the slide units being arranged around a central working station, a central driving mechanism for driving the plurality of bending tools, the punching device and the draw-in system, the punching device and the bending device being displaceabl arranged relatively to one another in the feeding direction of the band or wire material and being adjustable with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the small parts.
The present invention has the advantage that the punching device and the bending device can be arranged with a small spacing such that there are only one or a few work pieces between them. In contrast to the known machine the sum of the unavoidable inaccuracies in the length of the work pieces is remarkably less and it is ensured that each working piece comes into an accurate position within the bending device. The machine can easily be adapted for the production of working parts of different dimensions. The spacing between the punching device and the bending device can accurately be adjusted with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the work pieces. Therefore the degree of accuracy of the produced work pieces is greater and the machine can be used with a higher versatility, because very small work pieces can be produced as well as bigger ones.
The bending device as a whole may be removably and exchangeably arranged with respect to the punching device. Thereby the advantage is gained that the machine can be operated to produce bent metal articles while at this time another bending device can be prepared for the production of different articles. Then the bending devices need only be exchanged and after the new device having been adjusted with respect to the length of the articles to be produced the machine can be started again. The standstill periods are reduced and the utilization factor of the machine is increased.
A moving track of the bending device or punching device may be offset in a direction parallel to the axis of a central wheel of the bending device by an amount so that the bending device and/or the punching device can be moved into relative positions overlapping one another in the feeding direction of the band or wire material. By this overlapping, the smallest possible spacing between the centre of the bending device and the centre of the punching device is gained. According to a first alternative the bending device can be moved longitudinally behind the punching device and in the case of a horizontally arranged main wheel or central wheel of the bending device a second alternative consists in that the bending device is movable into a position at least partly beneath the punching device.For this purpose the punching device can be arranged on a blind case, which is removable to provide space for the bending device.
The invention will be further described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows schematic side and plan views of a punching and bending machine;
Figure 2 are schematic side and plan views similar to Fig. 1, but with the bending device being displaceably arranged on an own base;
Figure 3 are schematic side and plan views of a punching and bending machine, in which the bending device is mounted in transverse direction such that the axis of the central wheel of the bending device is parallel with the feeding direction of the band or wire material;
Figure 4 shows a punching and bending machine in which the axis of the central wheel lies vertically;;
Figure 5 shows a schematic side view of a punching and bending machine in which the interspace between the bending device and the punching device is adjusted for relatively large work pieces; and
Figure 6 shows the machine of Fig. 5 with a reduced interspace between the punching device and the bending device adapted for smaller work pieces.
Fig. 1 shows schematically an automatic punching and bending machine 10 which comprises a machine base 12 on which are mounted a draw-in system 14, a punching device 16, and a bending device 18. The latter has a central wheel 20 on which are mounted a plurality of radially arrange slide units as known (not shown), each supporting a bending tool. The machine base 12 is provided with a slide guide rail arrangement 22 (Fig. 3), extending in the longitudinal direction of the base 12 and by means of which the bending device 18 is displaceably guided in the directions of the double arrow 24, from a position shown in full lines into a position shown in dashed lines.In the first position the bending device 18 as a whole is spaced from the punching device 16 whereas in the second position the bending device has been moved in the direction of the punching device by more than half of its length, thereby having reduced the interspace between the axis of the bending device and the centre of the punching device. Because of the transverse offset between the bending and punching devices shown in the lower part of Fig. 1 the bending device 18 and the punching device are in overlapping condition and the bending device lies partly behind the punching device.
The interspace between the bending and punching devices is chosen as small as possible dependent on the length of the work pieces to be produced i.e. dependent on the pitch of the band or wire material.
The automatic punching and bending machine 10 has a central driving mechanism 26, the main shaft 28 of which drives an eccentric shaft 32 of the punching device 16 or press by means of a chain or belt 30 and also drives the draw-in system 14 via bevel gears 34. The draw-in system and the punching device are combined as a structural unit, from which the bending device 18 is separated and is drivingly connected with the main shaft 28 by means of a toothed shaft 36 into which the main shaft 28 is telescopically inserted.
Therefore the bending device is in driving connection with the main shaft 28 in any of its displaced positions on the machine base.
Fig. 2 differs from Fig. 1 in that the bending device 18 is fixed on its own base and this unit is removable from the machine as a whole in order to reset the bending device at another place while a prepared new bending device can easily be connected with the machine. While the bending device 12 is fixed on its base, the unit consisting of the draw-in system 14 and the punching device or press 16 is movably supported on the base 12 in the direction of the double arrow 38, i.e.
parallely with the feeding direction of the band or wire between a first position shown in full lines and a second position shown schematically in dashed lines in the side view of
Fig. 2. In the plan view below, the second position of the unit is shown in full lines in which the bending device and the punching device have maximum overlap.
Fig. 3 shows a punching and bending machine in which the punching device 16 and the draw-in system 14 are not modified but a bending device 118 is movably mounted in a transverse direction on a slide 40 which is movable in longitudinal direction on the guide rails 22. The bending device 11 8 is mounted in a position as turned by 90 with respect to
Fig. 1 such that the axis of the central wheel lies parallely with the feeding direction of the band or wire. The telescopical toothed shaft 36 is connected with a pinion 42 which engages the toothed outer circumference of the central wheel 20.
Fig. 4 shows a punching and bending machine having a horizontal bending device 218. The axis of the central wheel extends vertically. The punching device 16 is arranged above the base with a vertical interspace equal to the height of the bending device 218. This interspace can be filled by a blind case 44 the height of which corresponds to that of the bending device. After removal of the blind case 44 the bending device 218 can be moved into the space below the punching device and out of this space in the direction of the double arrows 46. The largest interspace between the centres of the bending device and the punching device is shown in full lines in Fig. 4 while the smallest interspace is shown by dashed lines in which position almost half of the bending device lies below the punching device 16.The bending device is driven via a telescopical shaft connection and a bevel gear arrangement.
Fig. 5 shows the punching and bending machine 10 according to Fig. 1 with the bending device 18 being in a displaced position near the punching device 16 but without overlapping the punching device. The interspace between the axes 48 and 50 marked with dot and dashes is exactly adjusted to the pitch of the band 56 of work pieces 52 and amounts accurately two and a half times the length of a work piece. If the machine is to be adapted to work pieces 54 of shorter dimensions the bending device must be moved to the right as shown in Fig. 6 into a position in which the interspace between the axes 48 and 50 is reduced and corresponds exactly with the pitch of the band of the smaller work pieces 54. Also in this example this interspace is two and a half times as large as the length of the work piece 54.Generally speaking the interspace must be two times, three times, four times and so on as great as the work piece longitudinal dimension plus a half work piece length respectively. The additional half length is required because the punching device centre coincides with the middle between two adjacent work pieces whereas the centre of the bending device coincides with the middle of the work piece itself.
A main advantage of this invention gained by the displaceable arrangement of the bending device and the punching device relatively to one another lies in that very small work pieces and remarkably longer work pieces can be produced in the same machine. Further it is advantageous that the machine always operates with a high precision because between the punching device and the bending device only a small number of work pieces are situated, so that the sum of tolerances is extremely low and the work pieces can be accurately delivered to the centre of the bending device. Last not least it is highly advantageous that the bending device can be fully removed from the rest of the machine in order to replace it by another one which has been reset and adapted to different bending operations in a preceding working process at another working place.The standstill periods of the machine therefore are substantially reduced.
Some modifications can be made without leaving the scope of this invention. Instead of having only one bending device 18, 11 8 or 218 a plurality of bending devices can be arranged in series. The machine not only has a draw-in system, a punching device or press, and a bending device but additionally other working devices can be inserted into the working process as milling machines, plastics moulding machines and so on. The machine further is not limited operating with a band material but also a row of separate work pieces abutting one on another can be handled.
CLAIMS (3 Dec 1979)
1. An automatic punching and bending machine for the production of multi-form small parts from metal band or wire comprising a draw-in system for the band or wire, a punching device and at least one bending device, the bending device consisting of a plurality of slide units each provided with a bending tool, the slide units being arranged around a central working station, a central driving mechanism for driving the plurality of bending tools, the punching device and the draw-in system, the punching device and the bending device being displaceably arranged relatively to one another in the feeding direction of the band or wire material and being adjustable with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the small parts.
2. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bending device and the punching device are connected with one another by a telescoping toothed driving shaft.
3. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a moving track of the bending device or punching device is offset in a direction parallel to the axis of a central wheel of the bending device by an amount that the bending device and/or the punching device can be moved into relative positions overlapping one another in the feeding direction of the band or wire material.
4. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the bending device is movable along the rearward side of the punching device.
5. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the bending device is movable into a position at least partly beneath the punching device.
6. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the punching device and the draw-in system form a linearly movable construction unit.
7. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bending device as a whole is removably and exchangeably arranged with respect to the punching device.
8. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 7, wherein the bending device is arranged on an own base with which it is removable from the machine table.
CLAIMS (30 Jul 1980)
1. An automatic punching and bending machine for the production of multi-form small parts from metal band or wire comprising a draw-in system for the band or wire, a punching device and at least one bending device, the bending device consisting of a housing in which a central driving wheel is supported which is in engagement with a plurality of slide units each provided with a bending tool, the slide units being arranged radially around a central working station, a central driving mechanism for driving the draw-in system, the punching device an the bending device, the driving mechanism comprising a telescoping toothed driving shaft arrangement connecting the bending device with the punching device, the bending device as a whole being removably and exchangeably arranged relatively to the punching device.
2. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bending device as a whole and the punching device are displaceably arranged relatively to one another in the feeding direction of the band or wire material, and the rotation axis of the telescoping toothed driving shaft arrange
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (8)
1. An automatic punching and bending machine for the production of multi-form small parts from metal band or wire comprising a draw-in system for the band or wire, a punching device and at least one bending device, the bending device consisting of a plurality of slide units each provided with a bending tool, the slide units being arranged around a central working station, a central driving mechanism for driving the plurality of bending tools, the punching device and the draw-in system, the punching device and the bending device being displaceably arranged relatively to one another in the feeding direction of the band or wire material and being adjustable with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the small parts.
2. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bending device and the punching device are connected with one another by a telescoping toothed driving shaft.
3. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a moving track of the bending device or punching device is offset in a direction parallel to the axis of a central wheel of the bending device by an amount that the bending device and/or the punching device can be moved into relative positions overlapping one another in the feeding direction of the band or wire material.
4. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the bending device is movable along the rearward side of the punching device.
5. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the bending device is movable into a position at least partly beneath the punching device.
6. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the punching device and the draw-in system form a linearly movable construction unit.
7. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bending device as a whole is removably and exchangeably arranged with respect to the punching device.
8. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the draw-in system and the punching device are fixed at a machine frame which has an associated table on which a moving track or linear guide for the bending device is provided extending in the feeding direction of the band or wire material.
8. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 7, wherein the bending device is arranged on an own base with which it is removable from the machine table.
CLAIMS (30 Jul 1980)
1. An automatic punching and bending machine for the production of multi-form small parts from metal band or wire comprising a draw-in system for the band or wire, a punching device and at least one bending device, the bending device consisting of a housing in which a central driving wheel is supported which is in engagement with a plurality of slide units each provided with a bending tool, the slide units being arranged radially around a central working station, a central driving mechanism for driving the draw-in system, the punching device an the bending device, the driving mechanism comprising a telescoping toothed driving shaft arrangement connecting the bending device with the punching device, the bending device as a whole being removably and exchangeably arranged relatively to the punching device.
2. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bending device as a whole and the punching device are displaceably arranged relatively to one another in the feeding direction of the band or wire material, and the rotation axis of the telescoping toothed driving shaft arrange
ment also extends in that feeding direction.
3. An automatic punching or bending machine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a moving track of the bending device or punching device is offset in a direction parallel to the axis of the central wheel of the bending device by an amount that the bending device and/or the punching device can be moved into relative positions overlapping one another in the feeding direction of the band or wire material.
7. An automatic punching and bending machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bending device is arranged on an own base with which it is removable from the machine table.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2925874A DE2925874C2 (en) | 1979-06-27 | 1979-06-27 | Stamping and bending machine for multi-shaped small parts made of tape or wire |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2051650A true GB2051650A (en) | 1981-01-21 |
| GB2051650B GB2051650B (en) | 1983-03-09 |
Family
ID=6074258
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7941628A Expired GB2051650B (en) | 1979-06-27 | 1979-12-03 | Automatic punching and bending machine |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS566733A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT367665B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1129759A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH641382A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2925874C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES486554A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2459694B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2051650B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1189702B (en) |
| YU (1) | YU41192B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0103885A2 (en) * | 1982-09-22 | 1984-03-28 | Wünsch, Adolf | Punching and bending machine |
| GB2147842A (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1985-05-22 | Amada Co Ltd | Apparatus for processing a workpiece |
| WO1991011277A1 (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1991-08-08 | Heinz Finzer | Modular-construction workpiece processing centre and appropriate drive module |
| WO1991011278A1 (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1991-08-08 | Heinz Finzer | Drive unit for a modular-construction workpiece processing centre |
| EP0776711A1 (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-04 | Denso Corporation | Press working method for plate material and press working apparatus using the same |
| CN109719434A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-05-07 | 德朗能（张家港）动力电池有限公司 | Battery production spot-welding equipment |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3013460C2 (en) * | 1980-04-05 | 1982-10-07 | Adolf 8962 Pfronten Wünsch | Bending box for stamping and bending machines for the production of bent parts from wire or strip |
| DE3028190C2 (en) * | 1980-07-25 | 1984-04-12 | Adolf 8962 Pfronten Wünsch | Stamping and bending machine for the production of stamped and bent parts from strip or wire-shaped material |
| JP3249584B2 (en) * | 1992-08-18 | 2002-01-21 | イーストマン・コダックジャパン株式会社 | Adaptive binarization circuit |
| CN114273470B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2024-03-22 | 揭阳市鼎高精密金属制品有限公司 | Mechanical automation punching press bending device |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3315512A (en) * | 1965-02-01 | 1967-04-25 | Torrington Mfg Co | Cut-off means in wire or strip forming machine |
| DE1527922B2 (en) * | 1966-07-12 | 1976-10-07 | Bihler, Otto, 8959 Halblech-Füssen | FEED DEVICE ON AN AUTOMATIC PUNCHING AND BENDING MACHINE |
| DE2536340A1 (en) * | 1975-08-14 | 1977-02-24 | Andrian Peter Von | Press for combined piercing and bending - has common drive and central disc for sliding and rotating bending rig |
| ES471370A1 (en) * | 1978-07-03 | 1979-02-01 | Buch Batlle Augusto | Multi-purpose bending machine |
-
1979
- 1979-06-27 DE DE2925874A patent/DE2925874C2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-23 YU YU2878/79A patent/YU41192B/en unknown
- 1979-11-26 AT AT0746479A patent/AT367665B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-11-27 CH CH1051279A patent/CH641382A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-11-28 FR FR7929719A patent/FR2459694B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-30 CA CA340,947A patent/CA1129759A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-30 IT IT83496/79A patent/IT1189702B/en active
- 1979-12-01 JP JP15629179A patent/JPS566733A/en active Granted
- 1979-12-03 ES ES486554A patent/ES486554A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-12-03 GB GB7941628A patent/GB2051650B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0103885A2 (en) * | 1982-09-22 | 1984-03-28 | Wünsch, Adolf | Punching and bending machine |
| EP0103885A3 (en) * | 1982-09-22 | 1984-06-06 | Wunsch, Adolf | Punching and bending machine for the production of shaped articles |
| GB2147842A (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1985-05-22 | Amada Co Ltd | Apparatus for processing a workpiece |
| AU576501B2 (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1988-09-01 | Amada Company Limited | Multiple processing machine |
| WO1991011277A1 (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1991-08-08 | Heinz Finzer | Modular-construction workpiece processing centre and appropriate drive module |
| WO1991011278A1 (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1991-08-08 | Heinz Finzer | Drive unit for a modular-construction workpiece processing centre |
| US5209101A (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1993-05-11 | Heinz Finzer | Workpiece machining center of modular construction |
| EP0776711A1 (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-04 | Denso Corporation | Press working method for plate material and press working apparatus using the same |
| US5791186A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1998-08-11 | Denso Corporation | Press working method for plate material and press working apparatus using the same |
| CN109719434A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-05-07 | 德朗能（张家港）动力电池有限公司 | Battery production spot-welding equipment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS566733A (en) | 1981-01-23 |
| IT1189702B (en) | 1988-02-04 |
| DE2925874C2 (en) | 1981-12-03 |
| ES486554A1 (en) | 1980-05-16 |
| FR2459694B1 (en) | 1985-09-06 |
| YU287879A (en) | 1983-01-21 |
| JPS6410290B2 (en) | 1989-02-21 |
| IT7983496A0 (en) | 1979-11-30 |
| CA1129759A (en) | 1982-08-17 |
| AT367665B (en) | 1982-07-26 |
| YU41192B (en) | 1986-12-31 |
| CH641382A5 (en) | 1984-02-29 |
| FR2459694A1 (en) | 1981-01-16 |
| DE2925874A1 (en) | 1981-01-08 |
| ATA746479A (en) | 1981-12-15 |
| GB2051650B (en) | 1983-03-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19921203 |