GB1588227A - Jointing optical fibres - Google Patents
Jointing optical fibres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1588227A GB1588227A GB2848076A GB2848076A GB1588227A GB 1588227 A GB1588227 A GB 1588227A GB 2848076 A GB2848076 A GB 2848076A GB 2848076 A GB2848076 A GB 2848076A GB 1588227 A GB1588227 A GB 1588227A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- optical fibres
- composite
- bore
- outer part
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3801—Permanent connections, i.e. wherein fibres are kept aligned by mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
- B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
- B29C61/0608—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
- B29C61/0616—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms layered or partially layered preforms, e.g. preforms with layers of adhesive or sealing compositions
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
(54) AN IMPROVED METHOD OF JOINTING OPTICAL FIBRES
(71) We, BICC LIMITED, a British
Company, of 21 Bloomsbury Street, London WC1B 3QN, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to a method of effecting a joint between two optical fibres, one or each of which may be an element of an optical cable.
By the expression "optical fibre" is meant a fibre of glass or other transparent material that is suitable for the transmission of the ultra-violet, visible and infra-red regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, which regions, for convenience, will hereinafter all be included in the generic term "light".
According to the invention the method comprises introducing the two optical fibres into the opposite ends of the bore of a sleeve of a heat-shrinkable plastics material in such a way that neighbouring ends of the optical fibres substantially abut, the bore having a cross-sectional shape and size corresponding to and slightly greater than those of each of the optical fibres, and heating the sleeve to a temperature such that the sleeve contracts radially inwardly to grip the optical fibres and, on cooling, holds them in substantial alignment.
By a "heat-shrinkable plastics material" is meant a plastics material having the property such that, when a suitable heat-treated sleeve or other article of one shape made from the plastics material, that has been caused to expand or otherwise deform into another shape at an appropriate temperature, is subsequently subjected to a sufficiently high temperature, the sleeve or other article will at least partly contract or otherwise recover its original shape.
To reduce the extent to which the heatshrinkable plastics material of the sleeve must contract radially inwardly to grip the optical fibres, preferably the sleeve employed is of a composite form comprising a radially outer part of a heat-shrinkable plastics material and a radially inner part of a plastics material which, at the temperature to which the sleeve will be subjected to cause the outer part of heat-shrinkable plastics material to contract, will not soften to such an extent that the optical fibres may move out of alignment but will be compressed inwardly by the contracting outer part to grip the fibres. It is preferred to employ for the inner part of the composite sleeve, a plastics material that incorporates an index matching medium which, when the composite sleeve is heated, will flow out of the plastics material of the inner part and line the bore of the sleeve. A preferred material for the inner part is lightly cross-linked ethylene-vinyl acetate.
Any suitable heat-shrinkable plastics material may be used for the sleeve or for the outer part of the composite sleeve but we prefer to employ cross-linked polyethylene which can be caused to contract to an extent sufficient for the optical fibres to be - gripped by the sleeve or composite sleeve when the sleeve is heated to a temperature of about 1500C.
The length of the sleeve or composite sleeve preferably lies in the range 25 to 300 times the overall diameter of the optical fibres to be jointed. Other heat-shrinkable plastics materials that may be used for the sleeve or for the outer part of a composite sleeve include polyvinyl chloride, ethylene-vinyl acetate and a certain grade of polytetrafluoroethylene.
Preferably, during heating and contraction of the sleeve or composite sleeve, the sleeve and the optical fibres fitted therein are so supported that the axes of the optical fibres are constrained to lie in a substantially straight line.
Preferably, also, the optical fibre joint so formed is itself sufficiently rigid to maintain the optical fibres in alignment and abutting when subjected to forces imposed by any bending of the part of one or each of the optical fibres extracting beyond the joint. Such rigidity of the optical fibre joint may be effected by clamping or otherwise holding the sleeve in a rigid constraint but, preferably, the wall of the sleeve is of sufficient thickness to impart the required rigidity to the joint.
The thickness of the wall of the sleeve or composite sleeve preferably lies in the range 2 to 30 times the overall diameter of the optical fibres to be jointed.
Before the optical fibres are introduced into the bore of the sleeve or in the case where the plastics material of the inner part of a composite sleeve does not incorporate an index matching material, an index matching liquid or resin may be applied to an end part of one or each optical fibre and/or may be introduced into the bore in the region where the ends of the optical fibres are to be caused to abut thereby to improve the lightcoupling efficiency between the two optical fibres. Preferably, however, the light-coupling efficiency of the optical fibre joint is improved by lining the bore of the sleeve or the composite sleeve with an index matching resin or other index matching material which will melt at the temperature to which the sleeve or composite sleeve will be heated to cause the heat-shrinkable plastics material to contract radially inwardly.
Where the optical fibres are of substantially the same cross-sectional shape and size, the sleeve may be formed by extruding heatshrinkable plastics material on to an advancing wire of a smaller cross-sectional size than the optical fibres to be jointed; expanding the covering at an appropriate elevated temperature before or after removing the wire from the extruded plastics covering; and cutting the tube so formed into sleeves of any desired length. Sleeves of composite form may be prepared by independently extruding the radially inner and outer parts of appropriate plastics materials on to advancing wires, the wire of the outer part being of a smaller crosssectional size than the inner part and the wire of the inner part being of a larger crosssectional size than the optical fibres to be jointed, expanding the extruded outer part at an appropriate elevated temperature and, after removing the wire from the outer part, fitting the outer part over the inner part in convenient lengths; heating the outer part to cause it to contract radially inwardly and grip the inner part; and cutting the composite tube so formed into composite sleeves of any desired length.
Preferably, to facilitate introduction of the optical fibres into the bore and to reduce the risk of fracture of the optical fibres at the ends of the sleeve or composite sleeve, end parts of the bore are flared or are otherwise so shaped that the force imparted to an optical fibre when the sleeve is caused to contract radially inwardly gradually decreases in a direction towards the extremities of the sleeve.
The method of the invention is applicable both to optical fibres of a single transparent material, the refractive index of which may gradually decrease in a direction towards the outer surface of the fibre over at least a part of the distance between the central axis of the fibre and its outer surface, and to optical fibres of composite form comprising a core of transparent material clad throughout its length with another transparent material of a lower refractive index which, by total internal reflection of light being transmitted along the fibre, confines at least a major proportion of the- light within the core.
The invention also includes a joint between
two optical fibres made by the method above described.
The invention is further illustrated by a
description, by way of example, of a preferred
method of effecting a joint between two optical
fibres with the reference to the accompanying
drawings which shows, in Figures 1 to 5, the
stages in manufacture of the joint.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, an outer part
3 of a sleeve 1 of composite form is pre
pared by extruding polyethylene on to a wire
(not shown) of a cross-sectional size that is
smaller than that of the inner part to be formed, the extruded polyethylene covered
wire is cut into appropriate lengths from
which the wire is removed to form outerparts.
An inner part 2 of the composite sleeve 1
is prepared by extruding ethylene-vinyl acetate
on to a stainless steel wire 4 or slightly larger
cross-sectional size than the optical fibres to
be jointed and the ethylene-vinyl acetate
covered wire is cut into portions of slightly
greater length than the outer parts 3.
With the wire 4 still fitted in the inner part 2, the outer part 3 is slipped over the inner part so that the inner part protrudes
from each end of the outer part (Figure 3)
and heat is applied to the outer part to
cause it to contract and grip the inner part.
The wire 4 is then removed. End portions
of the bore 5 of the composite sleeve 1 so
formed are now flared by introducing a heated
tapered stainless steel needle 7 (Figure 4)
into each end of the bore, and allowing the
protruding portions of the inner part 2 to cool before the needles 7 are removed. The composite sleeve 1 so fomed has a length of 15mm and, over the major part of its length, a wall thickness of 1.Omm.
As will be seen on referring to Figure 5, two optical fibres 10 and 11 are introduced into the opposite ends of the bore 5 of the composite sleeve 1 in such a way that their neighbouring ends abut, a drop of glycerine or other index matching material having been applied to these ends of the optical fibres before the fibres are introduced into the composite sleeve. A substantial rigid tubular heating block 12, divided longitudinally into two separate parts, is applied about the composite sleeve and protruding parts of the optical fibres 10, 11 are supported by supports
14, rigidly connected to the heating block, so that the sleeve and optical fibres are so supported that the axes of the optical fibres are constrained to lie in a substantially straight line. The rigidly supported composite sleeve 1 is now heated to a temperature such that the outer part 3 contracts radially inwardly and the ethylene-vinyl acetate of the inner part 2 does not soften to such an extent that the optical fibres may move out of alignment but is compressed inwardly by the contracting outer part to grip the optical fibres and, on cooling, hold them in substantial alignment.
The heating block 12 and fibre supports 14 are then removed.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:- 1. A method of effecting a joint between two optical fibres which comprises introducing the two optical fibres into the opposite ends of the bore of a sleeve of a heatshrinkable plastics material in such a way that neighbouring ends of the optical fibres substantially abut, the bore having a crosssectional shape and size corresponding to and slightly greater than those of each of the optical fibres, and heating the sleeve to a temperature such that the sleeve contracts radially inwardly to grip the optical fibres and, on cooling, holds them in substantial alignment.
2. A method of effecting a joint between two optical fibres which comprises introducing the two optical fibres into the opposite ends of the bore of a sleeve of a composite form comprising a radially outer part of a heat-shrinkable plastics material and a radially inner part of a plastics material in such a way that neighbouring ends of the optical fibres substantially abut, the bore having a cross-sectional shape and size corresponding to and slightly greater than those of each of the optical fibres, and heating the sleeve to a temperature such that the outer part of heat-shrinkable plastics material contracts radially inwardly and the plastics material of the inner part does not soften to such an extent that the optical fibres may move out of alignment but is compressed inwardly by the contracting outer part to grip the optical fibres and, on cooling, hold them in substantial alignment.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the plastics material of the inner part of the composite sleeve incorporates an index matching medium which, when the composite sleeve is, heated flows out of the plastics material and lines the bore of the sleeve.
4. A method as claimed in Claim 2 or 3, wherein the inner part of the composite sleeve is of lightly cross-linked ethylene-vinyl acetate.
5. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the sleeve, or the outer part of the composite sleeve, is of crosslinked polyethylene.
6. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein, during heating and contraction of the sleeve or composite sleeve, the sleeve and the optical fibres fitted therein are so supported that the axes of the optical fibres are constrained to lie in a substantially straight line.
7. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 wherein the bore of the sleeve is lined with an index matching resin or other index matching material which melts when the sleeve is heated.
8. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein, before the optical fibres are introduced into the bore of the sleeve, an index matching liquid or resin is applied to an end part of the or each optical fibre and/or is introduced into the bore in the region where the ends of the optical fibres are to be caused to abut.
9. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein end parts of the bore of the sleeve or composite sleeve are flared or otherwise so shaped that the force imparted to an optical fibre when the sleeve is caused to contract radially inwardly gradually decreases in a direction towards the extremities of the sleeve.
10. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the sleeve or composite sleeve has a wall thickness lying in the range 2 to 30 times the overall diameter of the optical fibres being jointed.
11. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the sleeve or composite sleeve has a length lying in the range 25 to 300 times the overall diameter of the optical fibres being jointed.
12. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the sleeve is formed by extruding heat-shrinkable plastics material on to an advancing wire of a smaller cross-sectional size than the optical fibres to be jointed; expanding the extruded plastics covering at an appropriate elevated temperature before or after removing the wire from the extruded covering; and cutting the tube so formed into the sleeves of any desired length.
13. A method as claimed in Claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the composite sleeve is prepared by independently extruding the radially inner and outer parts of appropriate plastics materials on to advancing wires, the wire of the outer part being of a smaller crosssectional size than the inner part and the wire of the inner part being of a larger cross-sectional size than the optical fibres to be jointed; expanding the extruded outer part at an appropriate elevated temperature and, after removing the wire from the outer part, fitting the outer part over the inner part in convenient lengths; heating the outer part to cause it to contract radially inwardly and grip the inner part; and cutting the composite
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (15)
1. A method of effecting a joint between two optical fibres which comprises introducing the two optical fibres into the opposite ends of the bore of a sleeve of a heatshrinkable plastics material in such a way that neighbouring ends of the optical fibres substantially abut, the bore having a crosssectional shape and size corresponding to and slightly greater than those of each of the optical fibres, and heating the sleeve to a temperature such that the sleeve contracts radially inwardly to grip the optical fibres and, on cooling, holds them in substantial alignment.
2. A method of effecting a joint between two optical fibres which comprises introducing the two optical fibres into the opposite ends of the bore of a sleeve of a composite form comprising a radially outer part of a heat-shrinkable plastics material and a radially inner part of a plastics material in such a way that neighbouring ends of the optical fibres substantially abut, the bore having a cross-sectional shape and size corresponding to and slightly greater than those of each of the optical fibres, and heating the sleeve to a temperature such that the outer part of heat-shrinkable plastics material contracts radially inwardly and the plastics material of the inner part does not soften to such an extent that the optical fibres may move out of alignment but is compressed inwardly by the contracting outer part to grip the optical fibres and, on cooling, hold them in substantial alignment.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the plastics material of the inner part of the composite sleeve incorporates an index matching medium which, when the composite sleeve is, heated flows out of the plastics material and lines the bore of the sleeve.
4. A method as claimed in Claim 2 or 3, wherein the inner part of the composite sleeve is of lightly cross-linked ethylene-vinyl acetate.
5. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the sleeve, or the outer part of the composite sleeve, is of crosslinked polyethylene.
6. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein, during heating and contraction of the sleeve or composite sleeve, the sleeve and the optical fibres fitted therein are so supported that the axes of the optical fibres are constrained to lie in a substantially straight line.
7. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 wherein the bore of the sleeve is lined with an index matching resin or other index matching material which melts when the sleeve is heated.
8. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein, before the optical fibres are introduced into the bore of the sleeve, an index matching liquid or resin is applied to an end part of the or each optical fibre and/or is introduced into the bore in the region where the ends of the optical fibres are to be caused to abut.
9. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein end parts of the bore of the sleeve or composite sleeve are flared or otherwise so shaped that the force imparted to an optical fibre when the sleeve is caused to contract radially inwardly gradually decreases in a direction towards the extremities of the sleeve.
10. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the sleeve or composite sleeve has a wall thickness lying in the range 2 to 30 times the overall diameter of the optical fibres being jointed.
11. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the sleeve or composite sleeve has a length lying in the range 25 to 300 times the overall diameter of the optical fibres being jointed.
12. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the sleeve is formed by extruding heat-shrinkable plastics material on to an advancing wire of a smaller cross-sectional size than the optical fibres to be jointed; expanding the extruded plastics covering at an appropriate elevated temperature before or after removing the wire from the extruded covering; and cutting the tube so formed into the sleeves of any desired length.
13. A method as claimed in Claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the composite sleeve is prepared by independently extruding the radially inner and outer parts of appropriate plastics materials on to advancing wires, the wire of the outer part being of a smaller crosssectional size than the inner part and the wire of the inner part being of a larger cross-sectional size than the optical fibres to be jointed; expanding the extruded outer part at an appropriate elevated temperature and, after removing the wire from the outer part, fitting the outer part over the inner part in convenient lengths; heating the outer part to cause it to contract radially inwardly and grip the inner part; and cutting the composite
tube so formed into composite sleeves of any desired length.
14. A method of effecting a joint between two optical fibres substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
15. A joint between two optical fibres made by the method claimed in any one of the preceding Claims.
Reference has been directed in pursuance of section 9, subsection (1) of the Patents
Act 1949, to patent No. 1,458,831.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2848076A GB1588227A (en) | 1977-07-08 | 1977-07-08 | Jointing optical fibres |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2848076A GB1588227A (en) | 1977-07-08 | 1977-07-08 | Jointing optical fibres |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1588227A true GB1588227A (en) | 1981-04-15 |
Family
ID=10276313
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2848076A Expired GB1588227A (en) | 1977-07-08 | 1977-07-08 | Jointing optical fibres |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1588227A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2505509A1 (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1982-11-12 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone | METHOD AND PACKAGING FOR PROTECTION OF SPARES OF OPTICAL FIBERS |
| GB2135077A (en) * | 1983-02-10 | 1984-08-22 | Raychem Corp | Joining optic fibres |
| GB2136147A (en) * | 1983-02-08 | 1984-09-12 | Raychem Corp | Joining optical films |
| US4746189A (en) * | 1983-02-08 | 1988-05-24 | Raychem Corporation | Optical fiber adhesive joint tube |
| EP0272112A2 (en) * | 1986-12-17 | 1988-06-22 | Focas Limited | Optical fibre cable connector |
| EP0285784A1 (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1988-10-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fibre-optical connection and method of its production |
| EP0292676A2 (en) * | 1987-05-25 | 1988-11-30 | kabelmetal electro GmbH | Heat-recoverable article and process for its manufacture |
| EP0375380A2 (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1990-06-27 | Kingston Technologies, Inc. | Memory polymer optical fiber splicer and methods |
| US4969705A (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1990-11-13 | Kingston Technologies, L.P. | Memory polymer multiple cavity fiber splicer |
| GB2236866A (en) * | 1989-10-14 | 1991-04-17 | Bowthorpe Hellermann Ltd | Protecting optical fibre splice |
-
1977
- 1977-07-08 GB GB2848076A patent/GB1588227A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2505509A1 (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1982-11-12 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone | METHOD AND PACKAGING FOR PROTECTION OF SPARES OF OPTICAL FIBERS |
| GB2136147A (en) * | 1983-02-08 | 1984-09-12 | Raychem Corp | Joining optical films |
| US4746189A (en) * | 1983-02-08 | 1988-05-24 | Raychem Corporation | Optical fiber adhesive joint tube |
| GB2135077A (en) * | 1983-02-10 | 1984-08-22 | Raychem Corp | Joining optic fibres |
| US4902095A (en) * | 1986-12-17 | 1990-02-20 | Focas Limited | Optical fibre cable connector |
| EP0272112A2 (en) * | 1986-12-17 | 1988-06-22 | Focas Limited | Optical fibre cable connector |
| EP0272112A3 (en) * | 1986-12-17 | 1990-06-06 | Focas Limited | Optical fibre cable connector |
| AU604808B2 (en) * | 1986-12-17 | 1991-01-03 | Focas Limited | Optical fibre cable connector |
| EP0285784A1 (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1988-10-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fibre-optical connection and method of its production |
| EP0292676A2 (en) * | 1987-05-25 | 1988-11-30 | kabelmetal electro GmbH | Heat-recoverable article and process for its manufacture |
| EP0292676A3 (en) * | 1987-05-25 | 1989-10-11 | kabelmetal electro GmbH | Heat-recoverable article and process for its manufacture |
| EP0375380A2 (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1990-06-27 | Kingston Technologies, Inc. | Memory polymer optical fiber splicer and methods |
| EP0375380A3 (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1991-10-23 | Kingston Technologies, Inc. | Memory polymer optical fiber splicer and methods |
| GB2236866A (en) * | 1989-10-14 | 1991-04-17 | Bowthorpe Hellermann Ltd | Protecting optical fibre splice |
| GB2236866B (en) * | 1989-10-14 | 1993-08-18 | Bowthorpe Hellermann Ltd | Optical fibre splice protection |
| US4969705A (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1990-11-13 | Kingston Technologies, L.P. | Memory polymer multiple cavity fiber splicer |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |