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GB1576422A - Emulsion compositions for use as lubricants and/or functional fluids - Google Patents

Emulsion compositions for use as lubricants and/or functional fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1576422A
GB1576422A GB8472/76A GB847276A GB1576422A GB 1576422 A GB1576422 A GB 1576422A GB 8472/76 A GB8472/76 A GB 8472/76A GB 847276 A GB847276 A GB 847276A GB 1576422 A GB1576422 A GB 1576422A
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Prior art keywords
composition
range
liquid
emulsifier
temperature
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Expired
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GB8472/76A
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Exxon Research and Engineering Co
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Priority to GB8472/76A priority Critical patent/GB1576422A/en
Priority to FR8020739A priority patent/FR2491085A1/en
Publication of GB1576422A publication Critical patent/GB1576422A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/062—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups bound to the aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides
    • C10M2215/082—Amides containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/042—Sulfate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

(54) EMULSION COMPOSITIONS FOR USE AS LUBRICANTS AND/OR FUNCTIONAL FLUIDS (71) We, EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY, a Corporation duly organised and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, of Linden, New Jersey, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The present invention relates to liquid compositions suitable for use as lubricants and/or functional fluids.
Many lubricants and functional fluids comprise a major proportion of a base liquid, such as a hydrocarbon oil, and a minor proportion of one or more additives to improve particular characteristics of the base liquid. For example, the viscosity of hydrocarbon oils decreases with increasing temperature, and additives are incorporated with the oils to reduce the degree of variation of viscosity. A liquid having a relatively large decrease in viscosity with increasing temperature is said to have a low viscosity index (VI) while a liquid having a relatively low decrease in viscosity with increasing temperature is said to have a high VI.
The VI-improving additives are often macro-molecular organic compounds which are susceptible to degradation when subjected to shearing stresses, such as the stresses which occur when the liquid composition in which they are incorporated is passed through a pump.
The degradation reduces the VI-improving effect of the additives, and as a result the VI of the composition falls during use.
The present invention provides, in one aspect, a liquid composition suitable for use as a lubricant or functional fluid, comprising a stable (as hereinafter defined) emulsion having a dispersed phase comprising a liquid hydrocarbon, a continuous phase of an organic liquid boiling at a temperature greater than 1500C and which is substantially chemically stable at the temperatures to which the composition is intended to be exposed during use, and at least one emulsifier which is at least slightly soluble in the components of both phases of the emulsion over the whole temperature range which the composition is intended to be exposed to, the organic liquid being substantially immiscible with the liquid hydrocarbon, the ratio by volume of the organic liquid to liquid hydrocarbon being in the range of from 1:3 to 3:1, and the composition having a viscosity in the range of from 2 to 1000 cS.
By "stable" emulsion is meant an emulsion which does not substantially break at temperatures in the range to which it is to be exposed.
The composition has a viscosity appropriate to its duties, i.e. within the range of viscosities required for liquid lubricants and hydraulic fluids - i.e. from 2 to 1000 cS, preferably from 10 to 500 cS.
The composition of the invention has a very small variation in viscosity over a certain temperature range (i.e. very high V.I. between the extremes of the temperature range). This temperature range depends on the components of the emulsion and a composition having a high V.I. over a particular temperature range can be formulated by appropriate selection of the components of the emulsion as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
The liquid hydrocarbon may be a mineral oil or a synthetic oil having a viscosity at 37.80C in the range of from 5 to 100 cS preferably 10 to 40 cS. The VI of the liquid hydrocarbon is preferably from 30 to 90, e.g. in the range 60 to 90. Suitable synthetic oils are alkylbenzenes or hydrogenated polymers of light olefins. The mineral oils are preferably those derived from crude petroleum by distillation. Mineral oils of an aromatic or naphthenic type or character may be used.
The organic liquid is any which is substantially stable chemically, at the temperatures to which the composition will be exposed, and may consist of, or comprise, one liquid or a mixture of liquids selected from the glycols, polyalkylene glycols (especially polyethylene glycols), polyols, alkanolamines and amides. Examples of the foregoing liquids are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, formamide and N-dimethyl formamide. Examples of mixtures of organic liquids are: ethylene glycol and formamide; a mixture of alkanolamines; a mixture of ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycols.
The continuous phase organic liquid may contain a minor proportion of water, preferably less than 30% of its weight.
Preferably, the volume ratio of organic liquid to the liquid hydrocarbon is in the range of from 1:2 to 2:1.
The emulsifier or emulsifier system is selected to give a stable emulsion with the liquid hydrocarbon and organic liquid employed in the composition. Preferably, the emulsifier, or at least one of the emulsifiers in the emulsifier system, is non-ionic. The preferred systems comprise two non-ionic emulsifiers, or a non-ionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant. The composition may comprise from 2 to 10 wt. % of emulsifiers, preferably from 4 to 10 wt. %.
A stable emulsion comprising mineral oil in formamide may be formed using an emulsifier system having an HLB of from 11 to 13, the system comprising two non-ionic emulsifiers of which one has an HLB greater than 14 and the other less than 10.
A stable emulsion comprising mineral oil in ethylene glycol may be formed using a non-ionic surfactant having an HLB of at least 16, or an emulsifier system such as that comprising one part by weight of lauryl alcohol and 3 parts by weight diethanolamine lauryl sulphate.
A stable emulsion may be formed of a mineral oil in a mixture of 80% ethylene glycol and 20% water using a non-ionic emulsifier system having an HLB of from 13 to 15.
The above examples are representative of a large member of emulsions according to the invention, and the man skilled in the art will be able to select emulsifiers or emulsifier systems to suit the dispersed and continuous phase liquids.
In addition to the high VI properties of the compositions of the invention over a limited temperature range the compositions have excellent lubricating properties and may have characteristics which make them suitable for use as hydraulic fluids.
The compositions may comprise additives to enhance their properties, the additives being soluble in either of the phases.
The invention comprises, in a further aspect, a method of lubricating relatively moving surfaces comprising disposing a composition as described above between the surfaces.
The invention also comprises a hydraulic system having a composition as described above as the hydraulic fluid.
An example of the invention is now described.
Example A composition was prepared consisting of an emulsion in which the dispersed phase was mineral oil and the continuous phase ethylene glycol.
The mineral oil had the following characteristics: Density at 15"C 0.895 Flash point (Cleveland, open vessel) 182"C Viscosity at 37.8"C (100 F) 23.0 cSt Viscosity at 98.90C (210"F) 4.03 cSt Viscosity index 68 In this oil was dissolved 2.5% of its weight of a non-ionic emulsifier or surfactant having a HLB of 16.4. The surfactant was the condensation product of 1 mol of oleocetyl alcohol and 25 mol ethylene oxide.
In one part by volume of ethylene glycol there was dispersed 1 part by volume of the oil containing the dissolved emulsifier.
The composition thus obtained was a stable emulsion (no breaking after 2 weeks at ambient temperatures) whose viscosity was practically constant at a value of 120cS between 30 and 50"C. The addition of a minor quantity of lauryl sulphate tends to improve stability further.
The temperature-viscosity characteristics in the temperature range 30"C to 60 C are unusual and were unexpected.
The composition moreover displayed unexpected lubricating properties. This is shown by the following tests. The composition was tested by means of the extra-pressure four-ball machine, according to the procedure of ASTM D-2783. By way of comparison, the same test was carried out with the mineral oil by itself and with ethylene glycol by itself.
The following results were obtained: Mineral oil Glycol Composition of invention Seizure load (kg) 32 36 45 Welding load (kg) 112 112 112 Mean Herz load (kg) 11.6 14 17.6 The anti-wear properties of the machine were estimated by the four-ball machine according to method ASTM D-2266. Several tests were carried out by altering the temperature of the composition in the chuck. The following results were obtained.
Temperature "C 30 40 50 60 75 Diameter of wear scar (mm) 0.79 0.77 0.72 0.71 0.69 Contrary to what is observed with the conventional lubricants, the wear decreases as a function of the temperature, in the range from 30 to'750C. This result is surprising. To confirm the unexpected result, the composition according to the invention and various pure mineral lubricating oils were tested by means of a pin and disc machine of the type described in SAE paper 690667 entitled "Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels" by R.A. Vere (October 1969).
The accompanying drawing is a graphic representation of the results obtained. On this diagram, the critical pressure of the elasto-hydrodynamic regime in which there is no wear is projected on the ordinate as a function of the temperature ("C), plotted on the abscissa.
For comparison, typical results obtained using three mineral lubricating oils are shown.
These results demonstrate clearly that the performance of the composition according to the invention improves with increasing temperature, in the range from 30 to 800C, in contrast to the deterioration of lubricating properties with increasing temperature found with mineral lubricating oils.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A liquid composition, suitable for use as a lubricant and/or functional fluid, comprising a stable (as hereinbefore defined) emulsion having a dispersed phase comprising a liquid hydrocarbon, a continuous phase comprising an organic liquid boiling at a temperature greater than 1500C and which is substantially chemically stable at the temperatures to which the composition is intended to be exposed during use, and at least one emulsifier which is at least slightly soluble in the components of both phases of the emulsion over the whole temperature range to which the composition is intended to be exposed, the organic liquid being substantially immiscible with the liquid hydrocarbon, the ratio by volume of the organic liquid to liquid hydrocarbon being in the range of from 1:3 to 3:1, and the composition having a viscosity in the range of from 2 to 1000 cS.
2. A composition as in claim 1 having a viscosity in the range of from 10 to 500 cS.
3. A composition as in claim 1 or claim 2 in which the liquid hydrocarbon is a mineral oil and/or synthetic oil having a viscosity at 37.80C in the range of from 5 to 100 cS.
4. A composition as in claim 3 in which the viscosity of the mineral oil and/or the synthetic oil at 37.8"C is in the range of from 10 to 40 cS.
5. A composition as in any one of claims 1 to 4 in which the VI of the liquid hydrocarbon is in the range of from 30 to 90.
6. A composition as in any one of claims 1 to 5 in which the VI of the liquid hydrocarbon is in the range of from 50 to 90.
7. A composition to any one of claims 1 to 6 in which the liquid hydrocarbon is selected from alkylbenzenes, hydrogenated polymers of light olefins, petroleum distillates and blends of two or more of the foregoing.
8. A composition according to claim 7 in which the petroleum distillates and/or deriviates thereof are of an aromatic or naphthenic type or character.
9. A composition as in any one of claims 1 to 8 in which the organic liquid consists of, or comprises a liquid selected from the glycols, polyalkylene glycols, polyols, alkanolamines, amides and a combination of at least two of the foregoing.
10. A composition as in claim 9 in which the organic liquid comprises at least one of the following: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, formamide and N-dimethylformamide.
11. A composition as in claim 9 or claim 10 in which the organic liquid comprises a
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (21)

  1. **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.
    The composition moreover displayed unexpected lubricating properties. This is shown by the following tests. The composition was tested by means of the extra-pressure four-ball machine, according to the procedure of ASTM D-2783. By way of comparison, the same test was carried out with the mineral oil by itself and with ethylene glycol by itself.
    The following results were obtained: Mineral oil Glycol Composition of invention Seizure load (kg) 32 36 45 Welding load (kg) 112 112 112 Mean Herz load (kg) 11.6 14 17.6 The anti-wear properties of the machine were estimated by the four-ball machine according to method ASTM D-2266. Several tests were carried out by altering the temperature of the composition in the chuck. The following results were obtained.
    Temperature "C 30 40 50 60 75 Diameter of wear scar (mm) 0.79 0.77 0.72 0.71 0.69 Contrary to what is observed with the conventional lubricants, the wear decreases as a function of the temperature, in the range from 30 to'750C. This result is surprising. To confirm the unexpected result, the composition according to the invention and various pure mineral lubricating oils were tested by means of a pin and disc machine of the type described in SAE paper 690667 entitled "Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels" by R.A. Vere (October
    1969).
    The accompanying drawing is a graphic representation of the results obtained. On this diagram, the critical pressure of the elasto-hydrodynamic regime in which there is no wear is projected on the ordinate as a function of the temperature ("C), plotted on the abscissa.
    For comparison, typical results obtained using three mineral lubricating oils are shown.
    These results demonstrate clearly that the performance of the composition according to the invention improves with increasing temperature, in the range from 30 to 800C, in contrast to the deterioration of lubricating properties with increasing temperature found with mineral lubricating oils.
    WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A liquid composition, suitable for use as a lubricant and/or functional fluid, comprising a stable (as hereinbefore defined) emulsion having a dispersed phase comprising a liquid hydrocarbon, a continuous phase comprising an organic liquid boiling at a temperature greater than 1500C and which is substantially chemically stable at the temperatures to which the composition is intended to be exposed during use, and at least one emulsifier which is at least slightly soluble in the components of both phases of the emulsion over the whole temperature range to which the composition is intended to be exposed, the organic liquid being substantially immiscible with the liquid hydrocarbon, the ratio by volume of the organic liquid to liquid hydrocarbon being in the range of from 1:3 to 3:1, and the composition having a viscosity in the range of from 2 to 1000 cS.
  2. 2. A composition as in claim 1 having a viscosity in the range of from 10 to 500 cS.
  3. 3. A composition as in claim 1 or claim 2 in which the liquid hydrocarbon is a mineral oil and/or synthetic oil having a viscosity at 37.80C in the range of from 5 to 100 cS.
  4. 4. A composition as in claim 3 in which the viscosity of the mineral oil and/or the synthetic oil at 37.8"C is in the range of from 10 to 40 cS.
  5. 5. A composition as in any one of claims 1 to 4 in which the VI of the liquid hydrocarbon is in the range of from 30 to 90.
  6. 6. A composition as in any one of claims 1 to 5 in which the VI of the liquid hydrocarbon is in the range of from 50 to 90.
  7. 7. A composition to any one of claims 1 to 6 in which the liquid hydrocarbon is selected from alkylbenzenes, hydrogenated polymers of light olefins, petroleum distillates and blends of two or more of the foregoing.
  8. 8. A composition according to claim 7 in which the petroleum distillates and/or deriviates thereof are of an aromatic or naphthenic type or character.
  9. 9. A composition as in any one of claims 1 to 8 in which the organic liquid consists of, or comprises a liquid selected from the glycols, polyalkylene glycols, polyols, alkanolamines, amides and a combination of at least two of the foregoing.
  10. 10. A composition as in claim 9 in which the organic liquid comprises at least one of the following: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, formamide and N-dimethylformamide.
  11. 11. A composition as in claim 9 or claim 10 in which the organic liquid comprises a
    combination comprising one of the following: ethylene glycol and formamide; a mixture of alkanolamines; a mixture of ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycols.
  12. 12. A composition as in any one of claims 1 to 11 in which the continuous phase contains a minor proportion of water.
  13. 13. A composition as claimed in claim 12 in which the continuous phase contains less than 30% by weight of water.
  14. 14. A composition as in any one of claims 1 to 13 in which the volume ratio of the continuous phase liquid to the liquid hydrocarbon is in the range of from' 1:2 to 2:1.
  15. 15. A composition as in any one of claims 1 to 14 in which the emulsifier is non-ionic.
  16. 16. A composition as in any one of claims 1 to 15 in which the emulsifier comprises an emulsifier system having at least one non-ionic emulsifier component.
  17. 17. A composition as in claim 16 in which the emulsifier system comprises two non-ionic emulsifiers or a non-ionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant.
  18. 18. A composition as in any one of claims 1 to 17 comprising up to 10 wt. %of emulsifier.
  19. 19. A liquid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18 substantially as hereinbefore described.
  20. 20. A method of lubricating relatively moving surfaces comprising disposing or providing a composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19 between the surfaces.
  21. 21. A hydraulic system having a composition in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 19 as the hydraulic fluid.
GB8472/76A 1977-02-28 1977-02-28 Emulsion compositions for use as lubricants and/or functional fluids Expired GB1576422A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8472/76A GB1576422A (en) 1977-02-28 1977-02-28 Emulsion compositions for use as lubricants and/or functional fluids
FR8020739A FR2491085A1 (en) 1977-02-28 1980-09-26 LIQUID COMPOSITION BASED ON A LIQUID ORGANIC HYDROCARBON AND ORGANIC COMPOUND, FOR USE AS A LUBRICANT OR FUNCTIONAL FLUID

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8472/76A GB1576422A (en) 1977-02-28 1977-02-28 Emulsion compositions for use as lubricants and/or functional fluids
FR8020739A FR2491085A1 (en) 1977-02-28 1980-09-26 LIQUID COMPOSITION BASED ON A LIQUID ORGANIC HYDROCARBON AND ORGANIC COMPOUND, FOR USE AS A LUBRICANT OR FUNCTIONAL FLUID

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1576422A true GB1576422A (en) 1980-10-08

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8472/76A Expired GB1576422A (en) 1977-02-28 1977-02-28 Emulsion compositions for use as lubricants and/or functional fluids

Country Status (2)

Country Link
FR (1) FR2491085A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1576422A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2226256A (en) * 1988-11-24 1990-06-27 Impilo Drugs Hyrocarbon/polyhydric alcohol emulsions

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2157700B1 (en) * 1971-10-26 1975-07-18 Shell Berre Raffinage
US4119547A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-10-10 Tower Oil & Technology Co. High temperature lubricant composition

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2226256A (en) * 1988-11-24 1990-06-27 Impilo Drugs Hyrocarbon/polyhydric alcohol emulsions
GB2226256B (en) * 1988-11-24 1993-03-03 Impilo Drugs An emulsion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2491085A1 (en) 1982-04-02

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