GB1543687A - Method of forming insulating sheaths - Google Patents
Method of forming insulating sheathsInfo
- Publication number
- GB1543687A GB1543687A GB4944977A GB4944977A GB1543687A GB 1543687 A GB1543687 A GB 1543687A GB 4944977 A GB4944977 A GB 4944977A GB 4944977 A GB4944977 A GB 4944977A GB 1543687 A GB1543687 A GB 1543687A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- insulating sleeve
- butt seam
- foam
- state
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
- F16L59/153—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems for flexible pipes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/36—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles
- B29C53/38—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges
- B29C53/48—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges for articles of indefinite length, i.e. bending a strip progressively
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
- B29C61/02—Thermal shrinking
- B29C61/025—Thermal shrinking for the production of hollow or tubular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
- B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
- B29C63/04—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like
- B29C63/06—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like around tubular articles
- B29C63/065—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like around tubular articles continuously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
- B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/114—Single butt joints
- B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
- B29C71/02—Thermal after-treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
- F16L59/143—Pre-insulated pipes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
- B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
- B29K2105/046—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous with closed cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2705/08—Transition metals
- B29K2705/10—Copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
- B29L2023/22—Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid
- B29L2023/225—Insulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/60—Multitubular or multicompartmented articles, e.g. honeycomb
- B29L2031/601—Multi-tubular articles, i.e. composed of a plurality of tubes
- B29L2031/602—Multi-tubular articles, i.e. composed of a plurality of tubes composed of several elementary tubular elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
Abstract
Pipes or pipe bundles are insulated with a thermoplastic foam, the insulating sleeve being obtained from a flat strip of foam by deforming it transversely to its longitudinal extent and closing the butt seam by welding or adhesion bonding. The strip is briefly heated, on its side forming the subsequent inner side of the insulating sleeve, to the thermoelastic or thermoplastic state and in this state is preformed to the desired insulating sleeve cross-section. The pipe or the pipe bundle is introduced continuously through the open butt seam of the preform and subsequently the butt seam is closed. The process is simple and economical and is suitable for insulating rigid and flexible pipes or pipe bundles.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2654879A DE2654879C2 (en) | 1976-12-03 | 1976-12-03 | Process for the continuous production of a pipe provided with an insulating sleeve made of foam plastic |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1543687A true GB1543687A (en) | 1979-04-04 |
Family
ID=5994632
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB4944977A Expired GB1543687A (en) | 1976-12-03 | 1977-11-28 | Method of forming insulating sheaths |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS53102387A (en) |
AT (1) | AT364530B (en) |
BE (1) | BE861390A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1086038A (en) |
CH (1) | CH625997A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2654879C2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK150237C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2372690A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1543687A (en) |
NL (1) | NL7713384A (en) |
SE (1) | SE7713633L (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2121661A1 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1998-12-01 | Hispano Portuguesa De Bobinado | Process of manufacturing degaussing coils. |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1071401B (en) * | 1980-04-24 | 1985-04-10 | Zema S R L | PROCEDURE FOR THE COVERING OF METAL TUBES WITH CLOSURE AND PLASTIC FILM, MACHINE TO IMPLEMENT THE PROCEDURE AND PRODUCT OBTAINED |
DE3235635C2 (en) * | 1982-09-25 | 1985-02-21 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Method and device for the continuous production of thick-walled multilayer insulating pipes from thermoplastic foam strips |
DE3318082A1 (en) * | 1983-05-18 | 1984-11-22 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A TUBE PROVIDED WITH AN INSULATING COVER FROM FOAM |
DE3338071A1 (en) * | 1983-10-20 | 1985-05-09 | Felten & Guilleaume Energietechnik GmbH, 5000 Köln | Process for the continuous production of flexible, thermally insulated pipelines |
FR2664850A1 (en) * | 1990-07-17 | 1992-01-24 | Caure Michel | Method of sheathing a bundle of filiform elements, device for implementing it and bundle obtained |
FR2800665B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2002-08-30 | Alphacan Sa | METHOD FOR SURROUNDING AN ELEMENT WITH A FOAM LAYER, FOAM ENVELOPE, TUBULAR COMPLEX WITH THE SAME, AND CROWN THEREOF |
FR2800664A1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-11 | Alphacan Sa | Economical, installer-friendly sheathing of copper pipes with insulating foam is carried out by continuous longitudinal wrapping and edge-adhesion under slight pressure |
DE102012112280B4 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-11-20 | Henco Industries N.V. | Method for producing an insulating composite pipe |
DE102016115968B4 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2021-02-04 | Henco Industries N.V. | Method for producing a strip for an insulating pipe of an insulating composite pipe and such an insulating composite pipe |
CN110625918A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-12-31 | 江苏沃杰高分子材料有限公司 | Novel expanding machine |
KR102112197B1 (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-05-19 | (주)동인엔지니어링 | Low temperature pipe insulation apparatus |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2960725A (en) * | 1957-03-21 | 1960-11-22 | Dow Chemical Co | Process for preparing thermoplastic tapes of varied cross-sections |
US2971538A (en) * | 1958-01-31 | 1961-02-14 | Moore & Co Samuel | Extruded tubing |
ES332098A1 (en) * | 1965-10-11 | 1967-11-16 | Ab Svenska Metallverken | A method of continuous insulation of pipe or canalization sections. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
DE1915768C3 (en) * | 1968-03-27 | 1974-02-07 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Tokio | A method and apparatus for continuously manufacturing a tubular article from a sheet of foamed thermoplastic resin |
GB1277038A (en) * | 1969-07-09 | 1972-06-07 | Vladimirsky Nii Sint Smol | A method of manufacturing shaped articles from elastic porous materials |
FR2225681B1 (en) * | 1973-04-13 | 1976-05-21 | Pont A Mousson | |
FR2346138A1 (en) * | 1976-03-31 | 1977-10-28 | Tetra Pak Dev | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF PACKAGING CONTAINERS |
-
1976
- 1976-12-03 DE DE2654879A patent/DE2654879C2/en not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-11-28 GB GB4944977A patent/GB1543687A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-30 FR FR7736125A patent/FR2372690A1/en active Granted
- 1977-12-01 SE SE7713633A patent/SE7713633L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-12-01 BE BE183082A patent/BE861390A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-01 AT AT860677A patent/AT364530B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-02 JP JP14492777A patent/JPS53102387A/en active Pending
- 1977-12-02 NL NL7713384A patent/NL7713384A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-12-02 CH CH1478277A patent/CH625997A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-02 CA CA292,236A patent/CA1086038A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-02 DK DK539377A patent/DK150237C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2121661A1 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1998-12-01 | Hispano Portuguesa De Bobinado | Process of manufacturing degaussing coils. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE861390A (en) | 1978-03-31 |
FR2372690B1 (en) | 1984-01-27 |
ATA860677A (en) | 1981-03-15 |
JPS53102387A (en) | 1978-09-06 |
DK150237C (en) | 1987-10-26 |
FR2372690A1 (en) | 1978-06-30 |
SE7713633L (en) | 1978-06-04 |
NL7713384A (en) | 1978-06-06 |
DE2654879A1 (en) | 1978-06-08 |
DE2654879C2 (en) | 1982-11-11 |
DK150237B (en) | 1987-01-19 |
CH625997A5 (en) | 1981-10-30 |
AT364530B (en) | 1981-10-27 |
DK539377A (en) | 1978-06-04 |
CA1086038A (en) | 1980-09-23 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19941128 |