GB1412598A - Emulsifiers for cleaning fulling dyeing and brightening in organic solvents - Google Patents
Emulsifiers for cleaning fulling dyeing and brightening in organic solventsInfo
- Publication number
- GB1412598A GB1412598A GB5686872A GB5686872A GB1412598A GB 1412598 A GB1412598 A GB 1412598A GB 5686872 A GB5686872 A GB 5686872A GB 5686872 A GB5686872 A GB 5686872A GB 1412598 A GB1412598 A GB 1412598A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cleaning
- compound
- alkyl
- carbon atoms
- fatty acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000009963 fulling Methods 0.000 title 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000005108 dry cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ZXUJWPHOPHHZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2-fluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(Cl)(Cl)Cl ZXUJWPHOPHHZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylbutane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C(C(=O)C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N ethyl (e)-3-[3-amino-2-cyano-1-[(e)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\SC(=C(C#N)C(N)=O)S\C=C\C(=O)OCC NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/34—Derivatives of acids of phosphorus
- C11D1/345—Phosphates or phosphites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/22—Amides of acids of phosphorus
- C07F9/24—Esteramides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/78—Neutral esters of acids of phosphorus
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
- D06L1/04—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents combined with specific additives
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
- D06L4/60—Optical bleaching or brightening
- D06L4/671—Optical brightening assistants, e.g. enhancers or boosters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/52—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/522—Fulling
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/60—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing polyethers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/64—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing low-molecular-weight organic compounds without sulfate or sulfonate groups
- D06P1/642—Compounds containing nitrogen
- D06P1/649—Compounds containing carbonamide, thiocarbonamide or guanyl groups
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/64—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing low-molecular-weight organic compounds without sulfate or sulfonate groups
- D06P1/642—Compounds containing nitrogen
- D06P1/649—Compounds containing carbonamide, thiocarbonamide or guanyl groups
- D06P1/6495—Compounds containing carbonamide -RCON= (R=H or hydrocarbons)
- D06P1/6497—Amides of di- or polyamines; Acylated polyamines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/667—Organo-phosphorus compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/90—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof
- D06P1/92—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents
- D06P1/922—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents hydrocarbons
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/90—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof
- D06P1/92—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents
- D06P1/928—Solvents other than hydrocarbons
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
1412598 Dry cleaning intensifiers CHEMISCHE FABRIK PFERSEE GmbH 8 Dec 1972 [11 Dec 1971 10 Oct 1972] 56868/72 Heading C5D [Also in Divisions C2 and D1] A dry-cleaning intensifier composition comprises 20-70 wt. per cent water and/or organic solvent, and 80-30 wt. per cent of an emulsifier obtained by reacting a compound II and/or a compound III with a fatty acid-diamine (or polyamine) condensation product thought to have structure VI or with a urea reaction product thereof as defined below wherein x is 0 or an integer from 1 to 12, R is a saturated or unsturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical having at least 11 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by a hydroxy group; R<SP>1</SP> (when x=0) is C 2-7 alkyl or is an alkylphenyl radical whereof the alkyl moiety has at least 3 carbon atoms; R<SP>1</SP> (when x= 1-12) is C 4-18 alkyl or is an alkylphenyl radical whereof the alkyl moiety has at least 3 carbon atoms; R<SP>11</SP> is H or CH 3 ; b is 2 or 3; and X is -NH 2 , -OH or -(NH-C b H 2b ) z -Y where b is 2 or z is 1 or 2 and Y is NH 2 or OH. The aforesaid urea reaction products are obtained by condensing a compound VI (wherein X is other than OH) with urea, and optionally further condensing the thusobtained product with a compound of formula whereinX is -NH 2 , -OH, -NHC z H 2z -NH 2 or -NH-C z H 2z -OH where a and z are each 2 or 3. Compounds VI are prepared by reacting 1 molar proportion of R-CO 2 H with 1 to 1À2 molar proportions of a compound of formula at up to 260 C. and allowing at least 1À4 molar proportions of water to be produced. Preferably 0À7 to 1 molar proportion of water are condensed out at 160-180 C. and then a further 0À7 to 1 mole is condensed out by raising the temperature to 230-260 C. The composition may additionally contain 2-40% (based on the weight of the emulsifier) of a non-ionic surface active washing agent, e.g. (i) the reaction product of a polyethylene or polypropylene glycol with a fatty acid, fatty acid amide, fatty alcohol, alkylphenol or dialkylphenol; or (ii) a phosphate of formula where R is C 7-22 alkyl or C 7-22 alkenyl, R<SP>11</SP> is H or CH 3 and y is 3-15. The dry-cleaning solvent may be a high boiling benzine, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, trifluorotrichloroethane, or monofluorotrichloroethane. Cleaning and stain-removing processes using the inventive compositions are described in some detail, and examples are provided.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2166778A DE2166778C3 (en) | 1971-12-11 | 1971-12-11 | Emulsifier mixture for dry cleaning and solvent fulling |
| DE2161602A DE2161602C3 (en) | 1971-12-11 | 1971-12-11 | Use of reaction products as emulsifiers for dry cleaning and solvent fulling |
| DE2249610A DE2249610C3 (en) | 1971-12-11 | 1972-10-10 | Use of reaction products as emulsifiers when dyeing and lightening fiber material in organic solvents |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1412598A true GB1412598A (en) | 1975-11-05 |
Family
ID=27183910
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB5686872A Expired GB1412598A (en) | 1971-12-11 | 1972-12-08 | Emulsifiers for cleaning fulling dyeing and brightening in organic solvents |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5715930B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE792569A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA973888A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH569030A5 (en) |
| DE (3) | DE2166778C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2165929B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1412598A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7216257A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5460670A (en) * | 1993-02-03 | 1995-10-24 | Dyno Wesfarmers Limited | Explosive composition |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2412175C3 (en) * | 1974-03-14 | 1987-01-22 | Chemische Fabrik Kreussler & Co Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden | Process for finishing textiles during dry cleaning |
| JPS58112788U (en) * | 1982-01-07 | 1983-08-02 | 臼井国際産業株式会社 | Connection end structure of small diameter metal tube |
-
0
- BE BE792569D patent/BE792569A/en unknown
-
1971
- 1971-12-11 DE DE2166778A patent/DE2166778C3/en not_active Expired
- 1971-12-11 DE DE2161602A patent/DE2161602C3/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-10-10 DE DE2249610A patent/DE2249610C3/en not_active Expired
- 1972-11-29 CH CH1742272A patent/CH569030A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-11-30 NL NL7216257A patent/NL7216257A/xx unknown
- 1972-12-05 JP JP12126772A patent/JPS5715930B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-12-07 FR FR7243609A patent/FR2165929B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-12-08 GB GB5686872A patent/GB1412598A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-08 CA CA158,539A patent/CA973888A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5460670A (en) * | 1993-02-03 | 1995-10-24 | Dyno Wesfarmers Limited | Explosive composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2165929B1 (en) | 1976-08-20 |
| DE2161602A1 (en) | 1973-06-14 |
| DE2161602B2 (en) | 1977-10-27 |
| FR2165929A1 (en) | 1973-08-10 |
| CH569030A5 (en) | 1975-11-14 |
| CA973888A (en) | 1975-09-02 |
| NL7216257A (en) | 1973-06-13 |
| DE2166778B2 (en) | 1978-01-12 |
| DE2166778C3 (en) | 1978-09-14 |
| DE2161602C3 (en) | 1978-06-15 |
| DE2249610A1 (en) | 1974-04-25 |
| BE792569A (en) | 1973-03-30 |
| DE2249610C3 (en) | 1979-01-25 |
| JPS4864013A (en) | 1973-09-05 |
| DE2166778A1 (en) | 1976-02-12 |
| JPS5715930B2 (en) | 1982-04-02 |
| DE2249610B2 (en) | 1978-06-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |