GB1070473A - Thermionic emitter for electron discharge devices and methods of fabricating same - Google Patents
Thermionic emitter for electron discharge devices and methods of fabricating sameInfo
- Publication number
- GB1070473A GB1070473A GB22601/64A GB2260164A GB1070473A GB 1070473 A GB1070473 A GB 1070473A GB 22601/64 A GB22601/64 A GB 22601/64A GB 2260164 A GB2260164 A GB 2260164A GB 1070473 A GB1070473 A GB 1070473A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- tungsten
- substrate
- layer
- deposited
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
- H01J1/28—Dispenser-type cathodes, e.g. L-cathode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/14—Solid thermionic cathodes characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J3/02—Electron guns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J45/00—Discharge tubes functioning as thermionic generators
Landscapes
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
An oriented polycrystalline tungsten layer is deposited on a tungsten substrate by heating the latter while directing on to it a stream of hydrogen and tungsten hexafluoride, the ratio of the two gases in the mixture determining the crystal orientation of the deposited polycrystals. A steady flow of hydrogen is passed into the deposition chamber (144) Fig. 20 (not shown) which is maintained at a pressure of 400 torr and the tungsten substrate (141) is raised to a temperature between 500 DEG C. and 800 DEG C. - preferably 600 DEG C. - by a heater (145), whereafter tungsten hexafluoride is added, in adjustable proportion, to the flowing hydrogen which is directed on to the substrate from a conduit (147). When the deposited layer (142) reaches the desired thickness - e.g. 0.0001" to 0.001" - deposition is terminated by disconnecting the heater (145) and directing cold water on to the rear surface of the specimen mount (143) while the flow of gas mixture is maintained. Surface irregularities are removed by electropolishing, and the layer may be held at 1,900 DEG C. for 30 minutes to improve its uniformity. Gas mixture ranges for producing either (100) or (210) orientation are specified. In an alternative deposition arrangement Fig. 21 (not shown) the substrate is a 0.006" diameter thoriated tungsten filament held under tension, and having a carbonized surface layer Fig. 11 (not shown); a porous, sintered tungsten substrate impregnated with barium and aluminium oxides is also referred to. Other materials referred to include: for the substrate - molybdenum, rhenium, niobium, and tantalum; and for the grain oriented polycrystalline layer - molybdenum, rhenium, niobium, tantalum, hafnium, iridium, osmium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, thorium, titanium, vanadium, ytterbium, and zirconium. The use of the grain oriented surface as a thermionic emitter in a variety of electric discharge apparatus is described (see Division H1).
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR18772A FR88266E (en) | 1962-05-15 | 1965-05-28 | Pigmentation process of organic matter |
| FR125340A FR94316E (en) | 1962-05-15 | 1967-10-20 | Pigmentation process for organic materials. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US285150A US3284657A (en) | 1963-06-03 | 1963-06-03 | Grain-oriented thermionic emitter for electron discharge devices |
| US367183A US3290543A (en) | 1963-06-03 | 1964-05-13 | Grain oriented dispenser thermionic emitter for electron discharge device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1070473A true GB1070473A (en) | 1967-06-01 |
Family
ID=26963011
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB22601/64A Expired GB1070473A (en) | 1962-05-15 | 1964-06-01 | Thermionic emitter for electron discharge devices and methods of fabricating same |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3290543A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1439890A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1070473A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1063669A2 (en) * | 1999-06-23 | 2000-12-27 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Cathode with improved work function and method for making the same |
| EP2847780B1 (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2023-04-19 | Thermo Scientific Portable Analytical Instruments Inc. | An electrically heated planar cathode |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3371240A (en) * | 1965-06-29 | 1968-02-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Frame type electrodes for electron discharge devices |
| DE1614642B2 (en) * | 1967-02-22 | 1971-10-07 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin u 8000 München | SUPPLY CATHODE IN PARTICULAR MK CATHODE |
| CH582951A5 (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1976-12-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
| US4165473A (en) * | 1976-06-21 | 1979-08-21 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Electron tube with dispenser cathode |
| DE3148441A1 (en) * | 1981-12-08 | 1983-07-21 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A THERMIONIC CATHODE |
| DE3205746A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-08-25 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | THERMIONIC CATHODE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| US4587455A (en) * | 1982-10-12 | 1986-05-06 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Controlled porosity dispenser cathode |
| US8183756B2 (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2012-05-22 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics Nv | Thermionic electron emitter, method for preparing same and X-ray source including same |
| DE102008020165A1 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2009-10-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Cathode, has emitter made of material and emitting electrons thermally, and emission layer made of material and partially applied on emitter, where material of emission layer exhibits electron work function less than material of emitter |
| DE102008020163A1 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2009-10-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Cathode has incandescent emitter made from material, which emits electrons thermally, where emission layer is applied partially or completely on incandescent emitter |
| US9443691B2 (en) | 2013-12-30 | 2016-09-13 | General Electric Company | Electron emission surface for X-ray generation |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1826514A (en) * | 1926-11-26 | 1931-10-06 | Westinghouse Lamp Co | Tungsten and method of manufacturing the same |
| CH305872A (en) * | 1951-11-19 | 1955-03-15 | Siemens Ag | Cathode for electrical discharge vessels. |
| CH315203A (en) * | 1952-03-24 | 1956-07-31 | Siemens Ag | Cathode for electrical discharge vessels |
| US3155864A (en) * | 1960-03-21 | 1964-11-03 | Gen Electric | Dispenser cathode |
| US3134924A (en) * | 1960-07-05 | 1964-05-26 | Monsanto Co | Emissive materials of a metal matrix with molecularly dispersed additives |
-
1964
- 1964-05-13 US US367183A patent/US3290543A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1964-06-01 GB GB22601/64A patent/GB1070473A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-06-02 DE DE19641439890 patent/DE1439890A1/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1063669A2 (en) * | 1999-06-23 | 2000-12-27 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Cathode with improved work function and method for making the same |
| EP1063669A3 (en) * | 1999-06-23 | 2006-08-16 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Cathode with improved work function and method for making the same |
| US7179148B2 (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2007-02-20 | Agere Systems Inc. | Cathode with improved work function and method for making the same |
| EP2847780B1 (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2023-04-19 | Thermo Scientific Portable Analytical Instruments Inc. | An electrically heated planar cathode |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US3290543A (en) | 1966-12-06 |
| DE1439890A1 (en) | 1969-04-17 |
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