FR3057465A1 - MODIFIABLE FLOATING HALTER FOR THE PRACTICE OF AQUATIC ACTIVITIES - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dumbbell for the practice of aquatic exercises, characterized in that it is modifiable in its constitution to be adapted particularly to the physical state of its user and take different configurations during exercise programs and sports in the aquatic environment. The "active mass" that equip the ends of the "gripping axis" are of shapes, dimensions and design adapted and compatible to require various and diverse efforts during the penetration into the water. They are locked in position on the "gripping axis" or on the "end axes" of said "gripping axis" by various mechanical means and can take several positions around said axis. The dumbbell of the invention consists mainly of a "gripping axis" (100) on which is installed in force a "shaft sleeve" (300), at the ends of which are placed a plurality of "active mass" (200) immobilized in position by a fastening means called "mass fixing" (400).

Description

057 465

01505 ® FRENCH REPUBLIC

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY © Publication number:

(to be used only for reproduction orders)

©) National registration number

COURBEVOIE

©) Int Cl ⁸ : A 63 B 21/075 (2017.01)

PATENT INVENTION APPLICATION

A1

©) Date of filing: 17.10.16. (30) Priority: © Applicant (s): THOMAS MARC - FR. ©) Inventor (s): THOMAS MARC. @) Date of public availability of the request: 20.04.18 Bulletin 18/16. (56) List of documents cited in the preliminary search report: See the end of this brochure (© References to other related national documents: ©) Holder (s): THOMAS MARC. ©) Extension request (s): ©) Agent (s): THOMAS MARC.

MODIFIABLE FLOATING DUMP FOR THE PRACTICE OF AQUATIC ACTIVITIES.

FR 3 057 465 - A1 tby) The present invention relates to a dumbbell for the practice of aquatic exercises, characterized in that it is modifiable in its constitution to be particularly adapted to the physical state of its user and to take different configurations during exercise and sports programs in an aquatic environment.

The “active mass” which equips the ends of the “gripping axis” are of shapes, dimensions and design adapted and compatible to require varied and diverse efforts during penetration into water. They are locked in position on the "gripping axis" or on the "end axes" of said "gripping axis" by various mechanical means and can take several positions around said axis.

The dumbbell of the invention mainly consists of a "gripping axis" (100) on which is forcibly installed a "shaft sleeve" (300), at the ends of which are placed a plurality of "active mass" (200) immobilized in position by a fixing means called "mass fixing" (400).

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MODIFIABLE FLOATING DUMP FOR THE PRACTICE OF AQUATIC ACTIVITIES.

The subject of the present invention is an individual device for the practice of physical and sports exercises in an aquatic environment, characterized by its adaptability to various exercises, by modifying the positioning of its components according to the different parts of the body to be treated and the state individual physics of each practitioner.

Thus this multifunctional material makes it possible to best adapt the exercises to the morphology and physical resistance of each practitioner in group lessons and is easily and quickly transformed according to the evolution of the program instead of using a plurality of different devices.

We know that during this last decade, physical activity in the aquatic environment most often called "Aquagym", which would obviously have originated under another name in the Roman era, is a sport that has become very popular and increasingly practiced by individuals of all ages and conditions.

Almost all swimming pools or aquatic leisure centers today offer certain activities that can be assimilated to "aquagym".

This enthusiasm for this activity is probably due in part to the fact that aqu "aquagym" is a great way to combine relaxation and the practice of a sporting activity in a friendly atmosphere.

In addition, this activity is considered to be a complete sport that works many muscles, according to a plurality of exercises practiced using equipment and utensils specifically adapted to the muscle part to be treated.

Unlike most sports, the risk of injury related to this activity is reduced, movements and shocks being slowed and absorbed by the body of water, and the joints preserved by the absence of impact with the ground.

Once submerged in water, the human body weighs only a third of its earthly weight, which facilitates all movements for any practitioner regardless of age or familiarity with physical exercise.

Although it can be practiced individually, freely and without special assistance, the use of therapists and teachers is recommended because the latter are specially trained to develop individual and specific exercise programs most often associated with several types of specially adapted accessories.

Among these accessories, we can cite the most commonly used utensil called "fry in foam", or the "floating boards" that everyone knows and used in their childhood, or the "dumbbells", "Webbed gloves", "floating belts", "aquarames" and other "pull-push".

The present invention is mainly oriented towards an accessory that the practitioner holds in each hand and activates in the water to work his upper limbs and strengthen his musculature and resistance in the hands, wrists, elbows and shoulders: the Dumbbells.

Dumbbells increase resistance in the water which strengthens the upper body muscles.

In current practice, several types of dumbbells are used in aquatic exercises: floating foam dumbbells, floating buoy dumbbells, floating plastic dumbbells (PVC), said dumbbells all having technical characteristics which characterize them, advantages and disadvantages .

For example, floating cylindrical foam dumbbells allow some increase in flotation but with loss of balance. However, it allows hydrodynamic efforts very often too difficult with regard to the capacities of the average practitioner.

PVC dumbbells of various shapes only allow hydrodynamic efforts with little variation in power and with no improvement in flotation.

Looking for better stability, good flotation and ideal balance, qualities associated with a possibility of variation of shapes and positioning, the author of the present invention has imagined aquatic dumbbells called "floating floating dumbbell", with variable constitution and adaptable to various physical exercises practiced in an aquatic environment and following the physical capacities of the practitioner.

The use of this accessory avoids the numerous changes of various accessories during an aquatic exercise program, the choice and adaptation of said accessories to the physical condition of the practitioner and the multiplicity of utensils implying consequences in terms of economic and management.

The “floating floating dumbbell” is intended for all audiences practicing physical gymnastics in a private pool, all professionals leading aquaerobics sessions in public or private pools as well as medical professions providing motor rehabilitation in the aquatic environment. .

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the "modifiable floating dumbbell" consists of four elements or groups of independent elements which functionally cooperate with each other:

A floating element intended for gripping and handling known as a "gripping axis", A plurality of massive floating elements with flat bearing faces, intended to equip one and / or the other of the two free ends of Γ " gripping axis "hereinafter referred to as" Active mass ",

An element intended to facilitate gripping and to prevent slipping of the "gripping axis" called "Axle sleeve",

A plurality of fixing elements called "mass fixing" to immobilize in position the "Active mass" on 1 "" gripping axis ".

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the "gripping axis" consists of a tubular body of preferably circular section, to receive at each of its ends the "active mass" and a means for immobilizing said " active mass "known as" mass fixation ", said" gripping axis "being completely smooth or arranged at each of its ends according to" mass fixation ".

According to another embodiment of the invention, the “gripping axis” consists of a tubular body of preferably circular section, extended at each of its ends and on its longitudinal axis with a fixing axis called “axis end ", arranged to receive a means of immobilizing" active mass "called" mass fixation ", said" end axis "being for example completely smooth or arranged at each of its ends according to" mass fixation "

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the dimensions of the "gripping axis" and of each of the "active mass" are established so that Γ "gripping axis" receives at least one "active mass" at each of its ends.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, each of the “active mass” with flat bearing faces consists of a decahedron block (10 faces), produced in at least one piece and comprising two large opposite rectangular parallel flat faces said "bearing face", respectively perpendicular to two opposite parallel flat faces called "axial face", each of the short sides of each of the "bearing face" being followed by a concave plane called "flow plane", for join and form with the "flow plane" of the opposite "bearing face", a small parallel rectangular planar face called "end face".

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, each of the “active mass” is made of a material with a very high buoyancy coefficient, for example a polyethylene foam or any other floating solid material and in various external and volume dimensions, allowing an adaptation of the "floating dumbbell" to the exercise practiced and the physical condition of the practitioner.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, each of the “active mass” is traversed right through and along a central axis called the “support axis” passing through the center of each of the “axial faces”, of a space called "Gripping bore" of circular section, adapted and compatible to receive force and interference, I "gripping axis" so that one or the other of the "active mass" of each end of Γ " gripping axis "can rotate independently of the others around said" gripping axis ", to take the optimum position and adapted to the exercise, for example penetrating horizontal" support face ", the water displacements caused being oriented by the "Flow plan", to impose a maximum effort or vertical "support face" and "penetrating end face", the water displacements caused being oriented by the "flow plan", to impose a minimum effort um.

According to another embodiment of the invention, each of the “active mass” is traversed right through and along a central axis called the “support axis” passing through the center of each of the “axial faces”, of a space called "Gripping bore" of circular section, adapted and compatible to receive in force and interference, the "end axis" of the "gripping axis" so that one or other of the " active mass ”of each end of the“ gripping axis ”can rotate independently of the others around said“ end axis ”, to take the optimum position adapted to the exercise, for example horizontal penetrating“ support face ” , the water displacements caused being oriented by the "flow plan", to impose a maximum effort or vertical "support face" and "penetrating end face", the water displacements caused being oriented by the " flow plan ", to impose an effort m minimum.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the "shaft sleeve" is made of flexible material such as rubber, plastic or ergonomic foam, it is preferably placed by force on the tubular body of the "gripping axis "And preferably positioned on the central part of its length, between one and the other of the" active mass "equipping the ends of said" gripping axis ".

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the “active mass” equipping each of the ends of Γ “gripping axis” are immobilized in position on said “gripping axis” by means of a “mass fixing” for example consisting of a plug penetrating by force inside Γ "gripping axis" or any other known mechanical fixing means.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the “active mass” equipping each of the ends of the “gripping axis” are immobilized in position on the “end axis” of the “gripping axis” at means of a “mass fixing”, for example consisting of a plug forcibly penetrating the interior of the “end axis” of the “gripping axis” or any other known mechanical fixing means.

According to a different embodiment of the invention, the "gripping axis" is of star or multi-lobed section to facilitate the immobilization of the "active mass" in several defined positions and thus strengthen their resistance to rotation, for example a star section with four branches or four lobes to receive in force and interference, the "gripping bore" of the same shape from each "active mass", so that each "active mass" can take a precise determined position, for example horizontal "support face" for maximum effort or vertical "support face" for minimum effort.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the “end axis” of the “gripping axis” are of star or multi-lobed section to facilitate the immobilization of the “active mass” in several defined positions and thus strengthen their resistance to rotation, for example a star section with four branches or four lobes for receiving force and interference, the "gripping bore" of the same shape from each "active mass", so that each "active mass Can take a specific position determined, for example horizontal "support face" for maximum effort or vertical "support face" for minimum effort.

The device here described in the specific case of a particular application, is in no way limited to this single application, it can be implemented in other applications and according to other manufacturing methods.

The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of nonlimiting examples will allow a better understanding of how the invention can be put into practice.

Figure 1 is a general perspective view of the dumbbell of the invention showing all the "active mass" in the same position, in particular in the vertical position.

FIG. 2 is a general perspective view of the dumbbell of the invention showing an "active mass" displaced in rotation around the "gripping axis".

FIG. 3a is a perspective view showing the installation of two “active mass” on lisse smooth “end axis” of a “gripping axis”, the locking being effected by force-fitted plug.

Figure 3b is a perspective view showing two "active mass" installed on one end of Γ "gripping axis" of cylindrical section and immobilized by means of a plug fitted by force.

Figure 4a is a partial perspective view showing the "end axis" of multi-lobed section of a "gripping axis", with locking by washer and nut on threaded axis.

FIG. 4b is a perspective view showing two “active mass” installed on one end of the “gripping axis” of multilobed section, immobilized by means of a nut and washer on a threaded axis, the “axis sleeve” being in position on Γ "gripping axis".

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an "active mass" provided with a "gripping bore" of cylindrical section.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an "active mass" provided with a "gripping bore" of star section.

The present invention relates to a dumbbell for the practice of aquatic exercises, characterized in that it is modifiable in its constitution to be particularly adapted to the physical state of its user and to take different configurations during the physical exercise programs and sportsmen in an aquatic environment.

Advantageously, its "gripping axis" is ergonomic, preferably by the provision thereon of an "axis sleeve" made of flexible material such as plastic, foam or rubber.

The “active mass” which equips the ends of Γ “gripping axis” are of shapes, dimensions and design adapted and compatible to require varied and diverse efforts during penetration into water.

They are locked in position on the "gripping axis" or on the "end axes" of said "gripping axis" by various mechanical means and can take several positions around said axis.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the "modifiable floating dumbbell" consists of four elements or groups of independent elements which functionally cooperate with each other:

A floating element intended for gripping and handling known as “gripping axis” (100),

A plurality of massive floating elements with flat bearing faces, intended to equip one and / or the other of the two free ends of Γ “gripping axis” (100) hereinafter designated “Active mass” (200 ),

An element intended to facilitate gripping and to prevent sliding of Γ "gripping axis" (100) called "Axle sleeve" (300),

A plurality of fixing elements called “mass fixing” (400) to immobilize in position the “active mass” (200) on the “gripping axis” (100) or on the “end axis” ( 102) of the "gripping axis" (100). (See Fig 1)

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, Γ “gripping axis” (100) consists of a tubular body of preferably circular section, to receive at each of its ends the “active mass” (200) and a means immobilization of said "active mass" (200) called "mass fixation" (400), said "gripping axis" (100) being completely smooth or arranged at each of its ends according to the "mass fixation" (400) . (See Fig 1).

According to another embodiment of the invention, the “gripping axis” (100) consists of a tubular body (101) of preferably circular section, extended at each of its ends and on its longitudinal axis by fixing axis of preferably circular section, called “end axis” (102), arranged to receive a means for immobilizing the “active mass” (200) called “mass fixing” (400), said “axis of end ”(102) being for example completely smooth or arranged at each of its ends according to the“ mass fixing ”. (See Fig 3a).

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the dimensions of the "gripping axis" (100) and of each of the "active mass" (200) are established so that the "gripping axis" (100) receives at least one "active mass" (200) at each of its ends. (See Fig 1, 3a, 3b).

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, each of the “active mass” (200) with flat support faces consists of a decahedron block (10 faces), produced in at least one part and comprising two large flat faces Opposite parallel rectangulars called "bearing face" (201), respectively perpendicular to two opposite parallel flat faces called "axial face" (202), each of the short sides of each of the "bearing face" (201) being followed by 'a concave plane called "flow plane" (203), to join and form with the "flow plane" (203) of the opposite "bearing face" (201), a small rectangular parallel planar face called "face end ”(204). (See Fig 5 and 6).

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, each of the “active mass” (200) is made of a material with a very high buoyancy coefficient, for example a polyethylene foam or any other floating solid material and in external dimensions and various volumes, allowing an adaptation of Γ “floating dumbbell” to the exercise practiced and the physical state of the practitioner. (See Fig 5 and 6).

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, each of the “active mass” (200) is traversed right through and along a central axis called the “support axis” (205) passing through the center of each of the “axial faces” (202), a space called "gripping bore" (206) of circular section, adapted and compatible to receive in force and interference, the "gripping axis" (100) so that one or the other of the “active mass” (200) of each end of Γ “gripping axis” (100) can rotate independently of the others around said “gripping axis” (100), to take the optimum position and adapted to the exercise, for example "penetrating horizontal face" (201) to impose maximum effort, the water displacements caused being oriented by the "flow plane" (203), or "bearing face" (201 ) vertical and penetrating “end face” (204), to impose a minimum effort, the displacements s of water caused being oriented by the "flow plan" (203). (See Fig 2 and 5)

According to another embodiment of the invention, each of the "active mass" (200) is traversed right through and along a central axis called the "support axis" (205) passing through the center of each of the "axial face "(202), of a space called" gripping bore "(206) of circular section, adapted and compatible to receive force and interference, Γ" end axis "(102) of Γ" gripping axis " (100) in such a way that one or other of the “active mass” (200) of each end of axe “gripping axis” (100) can rotate independently of the others around said “end axis” ( 102), to take the optimum position adapted to the exercise, for example "penetrating horizontal face" (201) to impose a maximum effort, the water displacements caused being oriented by the "flow plan" ( 203), or “vertical support face” (201) and “penetrating end face” (204) to impose a minimum effort, the displacements of water caused being oriented by the "flow plan" (203). (See Fig 2 and 5).

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the "shaft sleeve" (300) is made of flexible material such as rubber, plastic or ergonomic foam, it is preferably placed in force on the tubular body of Γ "shaft gripping "(100) and preferably positioned on the central part of its length, between one and the other of the" active mass "(200) equipping the ends of said" gripping axis "(100). (See Fig 1 and 4b).

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the “active mass” (200) equipping each of the ends of the “gripping axis” (100) are immobilized in position on said “gripping axis” of circular section by means a "mass fixing" (400) for example consisting of a plug (401) forcing into the interior of 1 "gripping axis" (100). (See Fig 3b)

According to another embodiment of the invention, the “active mass” (200) equipping each of the ends of the “gripping axis” (100) are immobilized in position on the “end axis” of circular section. of the "gripping axis" by means of a "mass fixing" (400) for example constituted by a plug (401) penetrating by force inside the "end axis" (102) Γ "gripping axis" (100). (See Fig 3a and 4a).

According to a different embodiment of the invention, the “gripping axis” (100) is of star or multi-lobed section to facilitate the immobilization of the “active mass” (200) in several defined positions and thus reinforce their resistance. on rotation, for example a star section with four branches or four lobes to receive in force and interference, the "gripping bore" (207) of the same shape from each "active mass" (200), so that each “active mass” (200) can take at least one specific precise position, for example “horizontal support face” (201) for maximum effort or “vertical support face” (201) for minimum effort. (See Fig 4b).

According to another embodiment of the invention, the “end axes” (104) of the “gripping axis” (100) are of star or multi-lobed section to facilitate the immobilization of the “active mass” ( 200) in several defined positions and thus strengthen their resistance to rotation, for example a star section with four branches or four lobes to receive in force and interference, the "gripping bore" (207) of the same shape from each " active mass ”(200), so that each“ active mass ”(200) can take a specific, determined position, for example“ horizontal support face ”(201) for maximum effort or“ support face ”( 201) vertical for minimum effort. (See Fig 4a and 6)

According to a different embodiment of the invention, each of the “active mass” (200) is traversed right through and along a central axis called the “support axis” (205) passing through the center of each of the “axial faces” (202), of a space called "gripping bore" (207) of star or multi-lobed section, adapted and compatible to receive in force and interference, 1 "gripping axis" (100) of star section or multilobed, so that one or other of the “active mass” (200) of each end of the “gripping axis” (100) can take at least one precise determined position, in particular “face of support ”(201) penetrating horizontal to impose a maximum force, the displacements of water caused being oriented by the“ flow plan ”(203) or“ support face ”(201) vertical and“ end face ”( 204) penetrating to impose a minimum effort, the water displacements caused being oriented pa r the "flow plan" (203). (See Fig 4b and 5).

According to another embodiment of the invention, each of the "active mass" (200) is traversed right through and along a central axis called the "support axis" (205) passing through the center of each of the "axial face "(202), of a space called" gripping bore "(207) of star or multi-lobed section, adapted and compatible to receive force and interference, 1" "end axis" (104) of 1 ' "Gripping axis" (100) so that one or other of the "active mass" (200) of each end of Γ "gripping axis" (100) can take at least one precise determined position, in particular a penetrating horizontal “support face” (201) in order to impose a maximum force, the displacements of water caused being oriented by the vertical “flow plane” (203) or “support face” (201) and “face end ”(204) penetrating to impose a minimum effort, the displacements of water caused being oriented by the“ flow plan '(203). (See Fig 4b and 6).

According to a different embodiment of the invention, the “active mass” (200) equipping each of the ends of the “gripping axis” (100) with a star or multi-lobed section or the “end axis” (104 ) of star or multi-lobed section of said “gripping axis” (100), are immobilized in position on said “gripping axis” by means of a “mass fixing” (400) for example constituted by a nut (403 ) and washer (402) on thread (103). (See Fig 4a and 4b).

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Claims (8)

CLAIMS. 1. Modifiable floating dumbbell characterized in that it consists of four independent elements or groups of elements and cooperating with each other: A floating element intended for gripping and handling known as “gripping axis” (100), A plurality of massive floating elements with flat bearing faces, intended to equip one and / or the other of the two free ends of the “gripping axis” (100) hereinafter designated “Active mass” ( 200), An element intended to facilitate gripping and to prevent the sliding of Γ “gripping axis” (100) called “Axle sleeve” (300), A plurality of fixing elements called “mass fixing” (400) for immobilizing in position the “active mass” (200) on Γ “gripping axis” (100) or 1 “end axis” (102) of the "gripping axis" (100). 2. Modifiable floating dumbbell according to claim 1, characterized in that Γ “gripping axis” (100) consists of a tubular body of circular section to receive at each of its ends the “active mass” (200), or consisting of a tubular body (101) of circular section extended at each of its ends and on its longitudinal axis of a fixing axis of circular section called "end axis" (102), to receive at each of its ends the “active mass” (200) and a means of immobilizing said “active mass” (200) called “mass fixation” (400), the ends of the “gripping axis” (100) or “axes of 'end' (102) of said 'gripping axis' (100) being smooth or arranged to receive a means for immobilizing the 'active mass' (200) called 'mass fixing' (400). 3. Modifiable floating dumbbell according to claim 1, characterized in that the “gripping axis” (100) or the “end axes” (104) of said “gripping axis” (100) are of star section or multilobed to facilitate the immobilization of the “active mass” (200) in several defined positions and thus to reinforce their resistance to rotation, in particular a star section with four branches or four lobes to receive in force and interference the '' gripping bore "(207) of the same shape of each" active mass "(200), so that each" active mass "(200) can take at least one precise position determined in particular" horizontal support face "(201) for a maximum force or vertical "bearing face" (201) for minimum force. 4. Modifiable floating dumbbell according to claim 1, characterized in that the "axis sleeve" (300) is made of plastic or ergonomic foam, it is placed in force on the tubular body (101) of Γ "axis of gripping "(100) and positioned on the central part of its length, between one and the other of the" active mass "(200) equipping the ends of said" gripping axis "(100). 5. Modifiable floating dumbbell according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the “active mass” (200) with flat bearing faces, made of a material with very high coefficient of buoyancy and in various external and volume dimensions, is consisting of a decahedron block (10 faces), produced in at least one piece and comprising two large parallel rectangular planar faces called "bearing face" (201), respectively perpendicular to two opposite parallel planar faces called "axial face" (202), each of the short sides of each of the "bearing faces" (201) being followed by a concave plane called "flow plane" (203), to join and form with the "flow plane" (203 ) of the opposite "bearing face" (201), a small parallel rectangular planar face called the "end face" (204). 6. Modifiable floating dumbbell according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that each of the “active mass” (200) is traversed right through and along a central axis called the “support axis” (205) passing through the center of each "axial face" (202), of a space called "gripping bore" (206) (207) adapted and compatible to receive in force and interference, the "gripping axis" (100) or Γ "axis end "(102) (104) of said" grip axis "(100), so that one or the other of the" active mass "(200) of each end of I" grip axis "(100) can take at least one specific precise position, in particular" penetrating horizontal support face "(201) in order to impose a maximum effort, the displacements of water caused being oriented by the" flow plan "(203), or “vertical support face” (201) and penetrating “end face” (204) to impose a minimum effort, the displacements induced water ts being oriented by the "flow plan" (203). 7. Modifiable floating dumbbell according to claims 1, 5 and 6, characterized in that the “active mass” (200) equipping each of the ends with Γ “gripping axis” of circular section (100) or the “end axes "Of circular section (102) of said" gripping axis "(100), are immobilized in position on said" gripping axis "of circular section (100) or on the" end axis "of circular section (102) of said "Gripping axis" (100) by means of a "mass fixing" (400) consisting of a plug (401) forcibly penetrating inside the "gripping axis" of circular section (100) or inside the "end axis" (102) of said "gripping axis" (100). 8. Modifiable floating dumbbell according to claims 1, 5 to 7, characterized in that the “active mass” (200) equipping each of the ends of Γ “gripping axis” of star or multi-lobed section (100) or the “axis end "in star or multilobed section (104) of said" gripping axis "(100), are immobilized in position on said" gripping axis "(100) or on said" end axis "(104) of said "Gripping axis" (100) by means of a "mass fixing" (400) consisting of a nut (403) and washer (402) on thread (103). 1/4