FR3056996A1 - BRIDGE WITH STRUCTURES IN TREILLIS - Google Patents

Abstract

This bridge with lattice structures (10, 12), in particular of Warren double intersection type, comprises an apron (4), two lattice structures (10, 12) which each comprise an upper beam (100, 120), a beam lower (102,122) and chords (1066-1068, 1266-1268) extending between the upper and lower beams forming X reinforcements (104). Beams (8) are stretched between the lattice structures (10, 12) and support the deck (4). Each lattice structure includes a plurality of modules (106, 108, 126, 128) each comprising a section (1060, 1260) of the upper beam, a section (1062) of the lower beam, and at least one X-shaped reinforcement (104). . Each X reinforcement (104, 124) is formed by a long chord (1066, 1266) attached at a first end to the upper beam section (1060, 1260) and at a second end to the beam section lower (1062) and by two short chords (1067, 1068, 1268) each fixed at one end to one of the beam sections (1060, 1062, 1260) and at a second end to the long chord (1066, 1266).

Description

056 996

59453 ® FRENCH REPUBLIC

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY © Publication number:

(to be used only for reproduction orders) (© National registration number

COURBEVOIE © IntCI ⁸ : E 01 D 6/00 (2017.01)

PATENT INVENTION APPLICATION

A1

©) Date of filing: 30.09.16. (© Priority: ©) Applicant (s): MATTER Simplified joint stock company - FR. © Inventors): MATTER PHILIPPE. ©) Date of availability of the request: 06.04.18 Bulletin 18/14. ©) List of documents cited in the preliminary search report: See the end of this booklet (© References to other related national documents: ©) Holder (s): MATERIAL Simplified joint-stock company. ©) Extension request (s): ©) Agent (s): LAVOIX.

(£ 4 / BRIDGE WITH MESH STRUCTURES.

FR 3 056 996 - A1 _ This bridge with lattice structures (10,12), in particular of Warren type with double intersection, comprises an apron (4), two lattice structures (10,12) which each include an upper beam ( 100, 120), a lower beam (102,122) and members (1066-1068, 1266-1268) which extend between the upper and lower beams forming X-shaped reinforcements (104). Beams (8) are stretched between the lattice structures (10, 12) and support the deck (4). Each trellis structure includes several modules (106,108,126,128) which each include a section (1060,1260) of the upper beam, a section (1062) of the lower beam and at least one X-shaped reinforcement (104). Each X-shaped reinforcement (104,124) is formed by a long member (1066, 1266) fixed, at a first end, to the upper beam section (1060, 1260) and, at a second end, to the lower beam section ( 1062) and by two short members (1067, 1068, 1268) each fixed at a first end to one of the beam sections (1060,1062,1260) and, at a second end, to the long member (1066 , 1266).

Truss bridge

The invention relates to a truss bridge, in particular a Warren type bridge with double intersection.

In this type of bridge, lattice structures are provided on either side of an apron to support this apron by means of beams stretched between these lattice structures. These truss structures are configured to withstand the weight of the bridge and the weight of the loads on the bridge deck.

These lattice structures generally include an upper beam and a lower beam which work in tension and compression or vice versa, as well as the stiffening members which extend between them these beams. These members are sometimes produced by welded metal profiles to form X-shaped reinforcements, intended to be assembled to the upper and lower beams at the bridge installation site. These X-shaped reinforcements must be routed to this site, most often inside containers, of the maritime container type, within which they occupy a large volume because their shape does not allow them to be juxtaposed in a dense manner. This results in a loss of space and an additional cost during transport because the containers cannot be loaded with an amount of material corresponding to their maximum nominal transport mass. In addition, these X-shaped reinforcements are heavy and difficult to handle both at the conditioning site and at the bridge installation site.

Similar problems can arise with other types of truss bridges.

It is these drawbacks that the invention intends to remedy more particularly by proposing a new bridge with a lattice structure, the assembly and transportation of which on the site are facilitated.

To this end, the invention relates to a bridge with lattice structures, in particular of the Warren type with double intersection, this bridge comprising an apron, two lattice structures which each include an upper beam, a lower beam and members which extend. between the upper and lower beams forming X-shaped reinforcements. This bridge also includes beams stretched between the lattice structures and which support the deck. Each trellis structure includes several modules which each comprise a section of the upper beam, a section of the lower beam and at least one X-shaped reinforcement. According to the invention, each X-shaped reinforcement is formed by a long, fixed member, at a first end, on the upper beam section and, at a second end, on the lower beam section, as well as by two short membranes each fixed, at a first end, on one of the beam sections and, at a second end, on the long member.

Thanks to the invention, the X-shaped reinforcement can be formed at the bridge installation site, by fixing the second ends of the two short members on the long member, before securing this reinforcement to the lower and upper beams thanks to the two ends. of the long member and at the first ends of the two short members. Each reinforcement can be transported to site in the disassembled state, its long and short members being arranged parallel to each other, with a reduced bulk. This enables a container to be loaded with a significant number of reinforcements, with a mass close to its maximum nominal transport mass.

According to other advantageous but not mandatory aspects of the invention, such a truss structure bridge can incorporate one or more of the following characteristics taken in any technically admissible combination:

- The beam sections and the members are each formed by a reconstituted welded beam.

- Each section of beam is U-shaped, with a bottom thicker than its sides. In this case, the thickness of the bottom of the beam section is advantageously between 18 and 30 mm, preferably of the order of 20 mm, while the thickness of the sides of the beam section is between 10 and 16 mm, preferably of the order of 12 mm.

- Each frame has an I or H section, with a thinner core than its sides. In this case, the thickness of the core of the member is advantageously between 4 and 8 mm, preferably of the order of 8 mm, while the thickness of the sides of the member is between 10 and 16 mm, preferably of the order of 12 mm.

- The sides of the beam section and the sides of the frame have identical thicknesses.

- The members are assembled together and to the beam sections and the modules are assembled together by means of splices bolted to the members and on the beam sections, in particular on the lateral flanks of these members and sections.

- The upper beam works in tension, while the lower beam works in compression, the upper beam sections of two adjacent modules are assembled with an axial gap between them and the lower beam sections of two adjacent modules are assembled in contact l of each other.

- The trellis structures can comprise common modules which each comprise an upper beam section, a lower beam section and an X-shaped reinforcement, as well as at least one end module which comprises an upper beam section, a section of lower beam and at least part of a reinforcement in X, while the length of the end module is less than the length of a current module and that the total length of the bridge is a multiple of a third of the length d 'a current module.

The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the description which follows, of an embodiment of a bridge with lattice structures conforming to its principle, given only to as an example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which

- Figure 1 is an interrupted side view of a bridge according to the invention,

FIG. 2 is a broken top view of the bridge of FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 is a section on a larger scale along the line III-III in FIG. 2,

- Figure 4 is a section on a larger scale along line IV-IV in Figure

1,

FIG. 5 is a section on the same scale as FIG. 4 along the line V-V in FIG. 1,

- Figure 6 is a perspective view of one end of the bridge of Figures 1 to 5 and

- Figure 7 is a partial perspective view cut away from the bridge of Figures 1 to 6, at a running part of this bridge

Bridge 2 shown in the figures extends, along a longitudinal axis X2, between two blocks M shown only in Figure 1. L2 denotes the total length of bridge 2 measured parallel to axis X2.

This bridge comprises an apron 4 formed of decking plates 6 supported by beams 8 arranged horizontally and perpendicular to the axis X2 and which are stretched between two metallic lattice structures 10 and 12, themselves arranged vertically and parallel to the axis X2. In Figures 1 and 2, the bridge 2 is shown with an apron 4 which comprises, in width, four decking plates 6 while, in Figures 6 and 7, it is shown in the case where the deck comprises three decking plates arranged between sidewalks. This corresponds to different possible configurations for deck 2.

The structures 10 and 12 are symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane P2 passing through the axis X2, which is arranged between the structures 10 and 12 and equidistant therefrom.

The trellis structure 10 comprises an upper beam 100 and a lower beam 102, as well as frames which extend between the beams 100 and 102 by forming reinforcements 104 in X. These reinforcements 104 make it possible to stiffen the trellis structure 100.

Bridge 2 is therefore a bridge with two lattice structures, more particularly a Warren type bridge with double intersection.

The trellis structure 10 is constituted by the juxtaposition, along the axis X2, of several modules, including at least two current modules 106 of which we note L106 the length measured parallel to the axis X2. In the example, the length L106 is about 9.15 m.

A current module 106 of the trellis structure 10 is a module identical to several other modules juxtaposed to form the structure 10 over most of its length.

The structure 10 also includes two end modules 108 and 109 of which the lengths measured parallel to the axis X2 are noted respectively L108 and L109. These

L108 lengths are respectively about 4.57 m and 1.52 m. Reports and

L109 are approximately equal to 1/2 and 1/6 respectively.

Each end module 108 or 109 comprises, on each side, a vertical end upright 108a, respectively 109a.

The structure 10 consists mainly of common modules 106.

Insofar as, the length L2 desired for the bridge 2 can be a multiple of the length L106, the end modules 108 and 109 are optional and the structure 10 can consist exclusively of current modules 106, possibly modified to include a vertical end upright.

Thanks to the use of current modules 106, the number of which is adapted to the desired span for bridge 2 as well as end modules 108 and / or 109, the total length L2 of bridge 2 can be a multiple of one third of the length L106 of a current module 106.

Each current module 106 comprises a section 1060 of the upper beam, a section 1062 of the lower beam and three reinforcements in X 104. Only two reinforcements 104 are shown in position in FIG. 7, it being specified that the third reinforcement 104 is intended to be mounted, along the axis X2, overlapping with an adjacent module, located on the left or on the right of the current module 106 in Figures 1 and 7. This third reinforcement in X 104 is shown in partially exploded configuration lower left of figure 7.

Each reinforcement in X 104 is formed by a long member 1066 and two short members 1067 and 1068.

Each long member 1066 comprises a first end 1066A by which it is fixed to the section 1060 of upper beam and a second end 1066B by which it is fixed to the section 1062 of lower beam. The short member 1067 comprises a first end 1067A by which it is fixed to the section 1062 of the lower beam and a second end 1067B by which it is fixed to the long member 1066. The short member 1068 comprises, for its part, a first end 1068A by which it is fixed to the section 1060 of upper beam and a second end 1068B by which it is fixed to the long member 1066. In practice, the ends 1067B and 1068B are fixed on either side of an intermediate zone of the long beam 1066, halfway between its ends 1066A and 1066B.

The fixing of the ends 1066A, 1066B, 1067A and 1068A on the beam sections 1060 and 1062 takes place by means of splices 1069 which come to cover these ends and heels 1060A and 1062A respectively formed on the beam sections 1060 and 1062 for serve as a “start” for members 1066, 1067 and 1068. In practice, holes 1060C and 1062C are formed in the heels 1060A and 1062A and holes 1066C, 1067C and 1068C are formed in the ends 1066A, 1066B, 1067A and 1068A , these orifices being intended to be aligned with corresponding orifices of one of the splices 1069. Rustic head bolts, of the HRC type, are inserted into these orifices and tightened in position until their heads break, which achieves a reliable and lasting immobilization of the ends of the members 1066, 1067 and 1068 with respect to the beam sections 1060 and 1062.

Similarly, splices 1069 are used to secure the ends 1067B and 1068B of the short members 1067 and 1068 on the intermediate part of the long member 1066, which is provided with other orifices 1066C at this level.

In FIG. 7, for the sake of clarity of the drawing, only certain fishplates are shown, which makes it possible to view the orifices for the passage of the bolts 1060C, 1062C, 1066C, 1067C and 1068C respectively provided in the beam sections 1060 and 1062 and in the members 1066 to 1068. Fishplates 1069 are also shown separately, in the lower part of FIG. 7, which makes it possible to identify their orifices 1069C for passing bolts.

The upper beam section 1060 is formed by a reconstituted welded beam known as “PRS” which is produced by welding of steel sheet plates with a U-shaped cross section more particularly visible in FIG. 4. We note 1060D the bottom of the U-shaped section of the 1060 section. In addition, 1060E and 1060F are noted the branches of this U-shaped section which constitute the sides of the beam section 1060. Welding beads 1061 provide the connection between the parts 1060D, 1060E and 1060F respectively. We denote e1 the thickness of the bottom 1060D and e2 the thickness of a sidewall 1060E or 1060F which is the same. The thickness e1 is greater than the thickness e2, which corresponds to the fact that it is the horizontal part of the upper beam 100 which works in traction, more than its flanks. In practice, the thickness e1 is between 18 and 30 mm, preferably of the order of 20 mm, while the thickness e2 is between 10 and 16 mm, preferably of the order of 12 mm.

The lower beam section 1062 is also formed by a PRS made of steel sheet plates, with a U-shaped cross section similar to that of section 1060.

Each member is also formed by a PRS made of sheet steel plates, with an I or H cross section, as shown in FIG. 5 for a long member 1066. More specifically, this member has a core 1066D and two sides 1066E and 1066F which are connected to the core 1066D by weld beads 1063. We denote e3 the thickness of the core 1066D and e4 the thickness of the sides 1066E or 1066F which is the same. The thickness e3 is less than the thickness e4 which is preferably equal to the thickness e2, which allows the flanks 1060E and 1066E to be vertically aligned as well as the flanks 1060F and 1066F. In practice, the thickness e3 is between 4 and 8 mm preferably of the order of 8 mm, while the thickness e4 is between 10 and 16 mm preferably of the order of 12 mm. Here again, the distribution of the thicknesses of the sheets constituting the PRS forming the frame 1066 is optimized as a function of the mechanical stresses of these sheets and their interaction with the constituent parts of the sections 1060 and 1062. In particular, the core 1066D can be relatively fine because it is not very stressed by the weight of the bridge and the loads present on the deck 4.

The members 1067 and 1068 each have an I-shaped cross section similar to that of the member 1066 shown in FIG. 5.

In practice, the holes 1060C, 1062C, 1066C, 1067C and 1068C are formed in the sides 1060E, 1060F, 1066E, 1066F and the like of parts 1060, 1062, 1066, 1067 and 1068, so that the ribs 1069 can be affixed in support on the outside of these sides.

In this regard, it is noted that the intermediate part of a long member 1066 is provided, on its flanks, with heels 1066G comparable to heels 1060A and 1062A and in which are formed certain orifices 1066C intended to receive immobilization bolts of fishplates 1069 which also cooperate with the second ends 1067B and 1068B of the short members 1067 and 1068.

According to an aspect of the invention which is not shown, fishplates can also be provided for connecting the webs of the members together and with intermediate ribs provided at the level and heel 1060A and 1062A inside the sections of beam 1060 and 1062.

The fact of making the beam sections 1060 and 1062 and the members 1066 to 1068 in the form of PRS gives great freedom in the design of the modules 106 of the lattice structure 10. This freedom makes it possible to optimize the quantity of steel consumed to constitute each module 106, therefore the weight and the cost of the trellis structure 10.

Thus constituted each current module 106 of the trellis structure 10 forms a rigid structure which can be assembled with adjacent modules, of current type or end, by means of fishplates some of which are visible in FIGS. 6 and 7 with the references 1071 and 1073.

Similarly, the trellis structure 12 comprises an upper beam 120, a lower beam 122, reinforcements 124, running modules 126 and end modules 128 and 129. A running section 126 comprises an upper beam section 1260 , a lower beam section 1262 and reinforcements 124 formed by long members 1266 and short members 1267 and 1268.

In practice, a current module 126 is identical to a current module 106. Just as an end module 128 or 129 is identical to an end module 108 or 109, except that there are straight elements and left.

The end modules 108, 109, 128 and 129 each include an upper beam section, a lower beam section and at least one reinforcement 104 or 124 or a reinforcing part. The main difference between an end module 108, 109, 128 or 129 and a current module 106 or 126 is the length of its beam sections which is less than that of the beam sections 1060 and 1062 as explained above.

In order to give an arrow to the bridge 2, it can be provided that the upper beam section 1060 of a current module 106 is assembled to the upper beam sections of the adjacent modules, providing between them a non-zero axial gap, along the axis X2, greater than 20 mm, this difference being defined by the geometry of the fishplates 1071 and 1073 used at the level of these upper beam sections. On the contrary, the lower beam sections of two adjacent modules are assembled in contact with each other or with an axial distance between them less than that used at the level of the upper beam sections, for example of the order of 2 at 4 mm.

When routing bridge 2 to its installation site, the components of a current module 106 to 109 or 126 to 129 can be transported in containers, in particular sea containers, since the maximum length of a part of such an element is the maximum length of a section of beam 1060, 1062, 1260 or 1262 of a current element 106 or 126, which is 9.15 meters. Furthermore, the members 1066, 1067, 1068, 1266, 1267, 1268 and the like can be arranged parallel to each other inside a container, which makes it possible to store them with a high density and avoids filling up. containers with a load well below the nominal mass that they can transport, which would be the case if the reinforcements X were formed by rigid cross-braced structures and preassembled.

Thus, thanks to the trellis structures 10 and 12, the bridge can be routed relatively easily to its installation site, while having a relatively low linear density.

This makes it possible to create a bridge 2 whose span can be greater than 90 meters with a linear mass of the order of 2 tonnes for a bridge with an apron with a taxiway. In the case of a bridge with an apron with two traffic lanes, the span of the bridge can be greater than 60 m.

According to possible arrangements of the deck 4 of the bridge 2, it can be equipped with safety barriers 42, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, or sidewalks 44 and guardrails 46, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. D ' other arrangements, not shown, of the deck can be envisaged, such as candelabras. As a variant, the sidewalks 44 can be arranged outside the trellis structures 10, 12, cantilevered with respect thereto.

The invention is described above in the case of a Warren type bridge with double intersection. However, it is applicable to other types of bridge whose trellis structures have X-shaped reinforcements, in particular Pratt type bridges with double intersection, Parker, Bowstring, Camelback, Pennsylvania or Baltimore.

The embodiment and the variants envisaged above can be combined together to generate new embodiments.

Claims (10)

1. - Bridge (2) with lattice structures (10,12), in particular of Warren type with double intersection, this bridge comprising: - an apron (4); - two lattice structures (10, 12) which each include an upper beam (100, 120), a lower beam (102,122) and members (10661068, 1266-1268) which extend between the upper and lower beams forming reinforcements in X (104, 124) and - beams (8) stretched between the lattice structures (10, 12) and which support the deck (4) each lattice structure including several modules (106, 108, 126, 126) which each comprise a section (1060, 1260 ) of the upper beam, a section (1062, 1262) of the lower beam and at least one X-shaped reinforcement (104, 124), characterized in that each X-shaped reinforcement (104, 124) is formed by a long member ( 1066, 1266) fixed, at a first end (1066A), to the upper beam section (1060, 1260) and, at a second end (1066B), to the lower beam section (1062, 1262) and by two members short (1067, 1068, 1267, 1268) each fixed at a first end (1067A, 1068A), on one of the beam sections (1060, 1062, 1260, 1262) and, at a second end (1067B, 1068B ), on the long frame (1066, 1266). 2. - Bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam sections (1060, 1062, 1260, 1262) and the members (1066-1068, 1266-1268) are each formed by a reconstituted welded beam (PRS). 3. - Bridge according to claim 2, characterized in that each section of beam (1060, 1062, 1260, 1262) is U-shaped, with a bottom (1060D) thicker than its sides (1060E, 1060F). 4. - Bridge according to claim 3, characterized in that the thickness (e1) of the bottom (1060D) of the beam section (1060,1062, 1260, 1262) is between 18 and 30 mm, preferably from order of 20 mm, while the thickness (e2) of the sides (1060E, 1060F) of the beam section is between 10 and 16 mm, preferably of the order of 12 mm. 5. - Bridge according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that each member (1066-1068, 1266-1068) is in I or H section, with a core (1066D) thinner than its sides ( 1066E, 1066F). 6. - Bridge according to claim 5, characterized in that the thickness (e3) of the core (1066D) of the frame (1066-1068, 1266-1268) is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably l 'order of 8mm, while the thickness (e4) of the sides (1066E, 1066F) of the frame is between 10 and 16 mm, preferably of the order of 12 mm. 7. - Bridge according to claims 3 and 5, characterized in that the flanks (1060E, 1060F) of the section (1060, 1062, 1260, 1262) of beam and the flanks (1066E, 1066F) of the frame (1066-1068 , 1266-1268) have identical thicknesses (e2, e4). 8. - Bridge according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the members (1066-1068, 1266-1268) are assembled together and to the beam sections (1060, 1062, 1260, 1262) and the modules (106 -109, 126-129) are assembled together by means of splices (1069, 1071, 1073) bolted to the members and to the sections of beam, in particular on lateral flanks (1060E, 1060F, 1066E, 1066F) of these frames and sections. 9. - Bridge according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the upper beam (100) works in traction, - the lower beam (102) works in compression, - the upper beam sections (1060, 1260) of two adjacent modules (106, 108, 109, 126, 128, 129) are assembled with an axial gap between them and - the lower beam sections (1062, 1262) of two adjacent modules are assembled in contact with one another. 10. - Bridge according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the trellis structures (10, 12) comprise common modules (106, 126), which each comprise a section of (1060, 1260) upper beam, a section (1062, 1262) of lower beam and at least one reinforcement in X (104, 124), and at least one end module (108, 109, 128, 129), which comprises a section of upper beam, a section of lower beam and at least part of a reinforcement in X , - the length (L108, L109) of the end module is less than the length (L106) of a current module (106), - the total length (L2) of the bridge is a multiple of a third of the length of a current module. 7/4 2/4 3/4 1060