FR3018901A1 - NATURAL AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM WITH CONTROLLED MECHANICAL VENTILATION - Google Patents

Abstract

A control system (10) of a mechanical ventilation installation comprising at least one sensor (14) of interior temperature, at least one sensor (12) of external temperature, at least one sensor (15) of indoor hygrometry, at least one sensor (13) of external humidity, and at least one processing unit (11) adapted to receive the signals of the various sensors (12 to 15) of temperature and humidity and to deliver a control signal to a unit control unit coupled to the mechanical ventilation system. It comprises an interface module (18) enabling the user to enter at least one temperature setpoint and / or at least one humidity rate setpoint, the processing unit (11) being configured to define a zone hygrothermal target from said setpoints and deliver an actuation signal of the mechanical ventilation installation according to the signals received from the sensors and from the target zone whenever the hygrothermal conditions of the outside air make it possible to improve the conditions hygrothermal inside the room.

Description

The invention relates to the air conditioning of a room, for example a living room, and more particularly to the control of a mechanical ventilation installation. In the building, the controlled mechanical ventilation, also noted VMC, is a set of mechanical devices intended to ensure the renewal of the air inside the rooms, in particular in the damp rooms to avoid the development of molds. The principle of a VMC is to extract stale air from a room using a ventilation module arranged between the room and the outside. The ventilation module of the VMC creates a vacuum inside the rooms to suck in the air and reject it outside. The depression created in the room causes, in the case of a single flow VMC, a suction of outside air in the room via at least one other opening devoid of ventilation. There are dual flow VMCs that further include an additional ventilation module for activating outside air injection into the room. An insufflation ventilation installation operates according to a principle contrary to that of the conventional VMC explained above. The principle of VMC by insufflation is to inject outside air by means of a ventilation module in a room so as to generate an overpressure in the room and to remove the stale air towards the outside through openings with no ventilation module. The outdoor air intake is generally performed in one place using a fan disposed in an orifice extending between the outside and the inside of the room.

There are also conventional humidity controlled VMC installations. These installations comprise humidity sensors arranged at one or more suction mouths in one or more rooms of a housing so as to trigger a larger opening of one of the suction mouths in case of humidity. increased. The extraction rate of the exhaust air to the outside is thus controlled to the degree of humidity of the indoor air. In particular the extraction rate is increased when the indoor humidity level rises above a certain threshold.

However, it appears that in a certain number of cases, for example during stormy periods, the incoming air is more loaded with moisture than the indoor air. It follows that the humidity rate of the air of the house increases, leading to a result opposite to that sought.

It is known from FR 2 966 226 a mechanical ventilation installation by continuous insufflation in a room comprising at least one external air intake port connected to an air inlet duct connected to an insufflation chamber enclosing a fan. The installation comprises first sensors arranged inside the room to be ventilated and able to measure the temperature and the relative humidity level inside the room, as well as second sensors arranged upstream of the fan and able to measure the temperature and relative humidity of the air entering the outside air inlet. The installation further comprises a calculation and control unit controlling the air flow blown by the fan into the room according to the absolute humidity and the temperature of the air of said room to be ventilated and the air entering the outside air intake. It is also known from WO 2007/139507 a humidity control system in a room at least partially closed. The system includes outdoor temperature and outdoor hygrometry sensors, indoor temperature and hydrometry sensors, and a control and processing unit connected to the sensors by wire or wireless connection.

The system further includes a fan configured to blow air from outside into the room based on signals received from the sensors. Air inside the room can escape through a ventilation opening when the fan is running.

However, none of the known systems makes it possible to regulate the operation of a VMC installation according to a target zone defined by the user from at least one temperature setpoint and / or at least one rate setpoint. relative humidity. The object of the invention is to provide a controlled mechanical ventilation installation control whose regulation is carried out whenever the outside air can improve the hygrothermal conditions inside the room.

According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided in one embodiment a control system of a mechanical ventilation installation comprising at least one indoor temperature sensor, at least one outdoor temperature sensor, at least one sensor for indoor hygrometry, at least one external hygrometry sensor, and at least one processing unit able to receive the signals of the different temperature and humidity sensors and to deliver a control signal to a control unit coupled to the installation mechanical ventilation. According to a general characteristic of the invention, the control system comprises a first interface module enabling the user to enter at least one temperature setpoint and / or at least one humidity rate setpoint, the unit of treatment being configured to define a hygrothermal target zone from said setpoints and deliver an actuation signal of the mechanical ventilation installation according to the target zone and the signals received from the sensors and whenever the hygrothermal conditions of the Outdoor air can improve the hygrothermal conditions inside the room. The control system allows to actuate discontinuously the ventilation system controlled so as appropriate, heat or cool, and / or humidify or dry out the ambient air of a room. The control thus makes it possible to control the discontinuous ventilation of the room by rapidly introducing new outside air. Renewal is discontinuous in that the operation of the installation is operated or not depending on, on the one hand, indoor and outdoor temperatures and indoor and outdoor hygrometry, and on the other hand the target area defined by the processing unit from the instructions of the user.

The control system makes it possible to simultaneously improve, via the VMC installation, the temperature and the humidity level with respect to a user-defined objective, which is beneficial for health and energy saving. Advantageously, the first interface module comprises communication means able to receive a setpoint signal emitted by a wireless communication device from which the temperature and humidity levels are entered by the user. The use of a wireless communication box makes it possible to use an interface on any type of device equipped with a wireless communication system such as a telephone device of the "smart phone" or "smartphone" type, telecommunication tablet, or a simple remote control. The use of a wireless communication box also makes it possible to reduce the number of electrical wires, thus facilitating the installation, but also allowing to multiply the wireless control tools. The temperature and humidity sensors can advantageously comprise a wireless transmission module of the measurement signals. The transmission of measurement signals via wireless communication makes it easier to position the sensors anywhere in the room or outside. Advantageously, the actuation signal delivered by the processing unit may comprise a component for regulating the speed of rotation of a ventilation module of the installation. The introduction of air is even faster than the flow rate of the fan or fans of the installation is important. By changing the speed of rotation of the fan or fans, the air flow is changed. The noise level of the fan or fans is reduced. The ventilation regime can thus be regulated to renew and improve the hygrothermal conditions of the stale air inside the room while minimizing the noise generated by the fan or fans, especially according to the time of day, and more particularly at night in a room. Advantageously, the target zone can be further defined from the climatic zone in which the room equipped with the mechanical ventilation installation is installed.

Taking into account the geographical location of the controlled mechanical ventilation system, it is possible to take into account the climatic zones of the terrestrial globe and to predefine the hygrothermal conditions that can be achieved in the room depending on the season, knowing the average hygrothermal conditions. of the geographical region. Preferably, the target zone is defined by a polygon bounded by four straight lines on a representative diagram expressing the relative humidity rate as a function of the temperature inside the local. The processing unit may advantageously comprise a storage module capable of recording a plurality of target zones, and a programming module capable of defining time ranges, each time range being able to be associated with a set of setpoints. The storage module may further include prerecorded target areas to serve as default. In another aspect, there is provided a mechanical ventilation installation comprising at least one air ventilation module and a control system as defined above. Preferably, the installation comprises a single fan module comprising a single fan for taking air from outside a room and blowing it into the room. The use of a single air blower in the room reduces the cost of the installation and facilitate the installation of the installation.

It suffices to install the single fan in one of the pre-existing vents in the room or to drill a hole with a diameter of about ten centimeters for example, the fan preferably having dimensions adapted to the mouths usually provided in dwellings. Other advantages and features of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description of an embodiment of the invention, in no way limiting, and the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an installation insufflation-controlled mechanical ventilation device according to one embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 schematically shows a control system of the installation of Figure 1 according to one embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a target zone on a diagram representing the relative humidity as a function of the temperature; FIG. 4 illustrates a graph representing the relative positions of the representative points e and i of the hygrothermal conditions of the indoor air and of the outside air; FIG. 5 illustrates an example of regulation carried out by the control system 10; Figure 6 shows an example of a predefined comfort zone for self resting in France. In Figure 1 is schematically illustrated a mechanical ventilation system control by insufflation according to one embodiment of the invention. The installation 1 of VMC comprises a fan 2 intended to be placed in a ventilation opening of a room In the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the installation of VMC 1 is a VMC installation by insufflation able to inject air taken outside a room in said room. In another embodiment, the installation could be an extraction VMC installation, or a dual flow VMC. Alternatively, the installation of VMC 1 may comprise at least one exhaust fan coupled to the actuating module 4 instead of or in addition to the insufflation fan. The installation comprises a first communication module 3, an actuation module 4 and a power supply module 5. The power supply module 5 is coupled to the electrical supply network of the room and comprises, if necessary, means of electrical transformation capable of transforming the current coming from the network into a current suitable for supplying the fan 2 The power supply module 5 is electrically connected to the fan 2 via the actuating module 4 which is controlled by the first communication module 3. The actuation module 4 comprises at least one controlled electric relay adapted to make an electrical connection for coupling the fan 2 to the power supply module 5. The first communication module 3 is in communication with a control system 10 of the VMC installation 1 schematically illustrated in FIG. 2. The actuating module 4 and the communication module 3 can be e as integrated in the same housing R as shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the control system 10 comprises a processing unit 11, an outside sensor Se comprising an outside temperature sensor Te and a sensor 13 of external hygrometry He, and an inner probe S, having an internal temperature sensor 14 Ti and an indoor hygrometry sensor Hi.

The processing unit 11 comprises a first interface module 16 comprising wireless communication means able to receive the measurement signals delivered by the sensors 12 to 15. The processing unit 11 further comprises a second module of FIG. interface 17 capable of transmitting a control signal to the first communication module 3 of the VMC installation 1 to control the actuation of the fan 2. The control system 10 further comprises a third interface module 18 comprising means wireless communication device capable of receiving setpoint signals transmitted from a device 19 equipped with a wireless communication system such as a telephone device type ordiphone or "Smartphone", telecommunication tablet, or a simple remote control. The apparatus 19 also includes a program for displaying the data of the processing unit 11 relating to the temperatures, the humidity levels, and the operating speed as well as to the instructions given by the user. The apparatus 19 also comprises a program for entering a temperature setpoint Tv and a setpoint Hv for relative humidity. Alternatively, the input program may be configured to enter ranges or mathematical functions of temperature and / or relative humidity. In another variant not illustrated, the third interface module 18 may include a selection keyboard for the user to enter the temperature and hygrometry instructions. The processing unit 11 is configured to define a target zone from the two received instructions. The processing unit 11 of the control system 10 analyzes the temperatures and the relative humidity levels of the outside air and the indoor air. When the conditions are favorable, that is to say whenever the outside air can improve the characteristics of the indoor air, the control system 10 emits a control signal to the first communication module 3 of the installation 1 of VMC for controlling the relay of the actuating module 4 so that they electrically connect the power supply module 5 to the fan 2. The consumptions of the installation 1 and in particular of its control system 10 are very low. The expected consumptions of the electronic modules of the control system 10 are much lower than 1 W / h. Sensor sampling can be programmed at variable intervals, such as every 10 minutes, which further reduces the energy consumption of the control system. With regard to the controlled devices, for example, there are silent fans delivering 110 m3 / h for a consumption of 15 W / h and a generated noise level of 27 dB at a distance of 3 m. The energy balance is similar to that of a heat pump, but the advantage of not requiring equipment difficult to install, cumbersome or expensive. The energy provided by the fresh air, that is to say the air injected by the fan 2 into the room, corresponds to the difference in enthalpy between the outgoing air and the return air. The enthalpy varies with the temperature and the relative humidity rate of the air, that is to say the hygrometry. For example, the energy in W provided by 110 m3 for 1 ° C of temperature difference between the outside air and the indoor air is presented in the table below. Relative humidity 20% 40% 60% T = 10 ° C 48W 58W 69W T = 15 ° C 51W 65W 79W T = 20 ° C 54 W 70 W 87 WT = 25 ° C 59 W 82 W 105 W Thus, a fan brings per hour 110 m3 of air and consumes only 15 W. Thus at 20 ° C and 40% relative humidity, the air contains an additional energy of 70 W per degree Celsius. For 3 ° C difference between the outside and inside temperature we obtain 210 W for a consumption of 15 W or about 15 times more. The yields obtained in both heating and cooling are very good. Daily meteorological statistics in half an hour show, in France for example, significant variations throughout the day. FIG. 3 shows an example of a target zone on a diagram representing the relative humidity as a function of the temperature inside the room. The hygrothermal target zone Z1 is defined by the processing unit 11 from the temperature setpoint Tv, the relative humidity setpoint Hv reported by the user, and temperature differences Et and rate of change. relative humidity Eh accepted by the user. In the example, the user has entered a temperature setpoint of 20 ° C and a temperature difference of ± 1 ° C and a relative humidity setpoint Hv of 50% and a rate difference of 10%.

Alternatively, the relative humidity rate setpoint and the temperature setpoint could be entered in the form of a range of values or mathematical functions. The target zone Z1 is represented on the diagram by a rectangle delimited by the minimum and maximum temperatures and the minimum and maximum relative humidity levels. Once the comfort zone Zi has been generated, the processing unit 11 defines eight relative zones Z2 to Z9 according to the boundaries of the target zone Zi. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relative positions of the points representative of the hygrothermal conditions of indoor air, denoted i, and of the outside air, denoted e. The chart defines four areas. A first zone E1 in which the relative humidity rate of the outside air is lower than that of the indoor air, and the outside temperature of the outside air is higher than the temperature of the indoor air. A second zone E2 in which the relative humidity of the outside air is lower than that of the indoor air, and the temperature of the outside air is lower than the temperature of the indoor air. A third zone E3 in which the relative humidity rate of the outside air is higher than that of the indoor air, and the temperature of the outside air is lower than the temperature of the indoor air. A fourth zone E4 in which the relative humidity of the outdoor air is higher than that of the indoor air, and the outside temperature of the outdoor air is higher than the temperature of the indoor air. In the example presented, the point e, representing the relative humidity rate and the outside air temperature with respect to the hygrothermal conditions of the indoor air represented by the point I, is located in the fourth zone E4 because the the relative humidity of the outdoor air is higher than that of the indoor air, and the outside temperature of the outdoor air is higher than the indoor air temperature. FIG. 5 shows an example of regulation carried out by the control system 10.

The processing unit 11 receives the measurements delivered by the various temperature and hygrometry sensors 12 to 15. The processing unit 11 then positions the point i corresponding to the measurements by the sensors 14 and 15 inside the room. and the point e, denoted e1, e2, e3 in FIG. 5 to illustrate different possible external conditions. The processing unit 11 then builds a control straight line from these two points to define the operating characteristics of the fan 2 of the installation 1, that is to say the actuation or not of the fan 2 and its rotational speed. The processing unit 11 will generate an operating instruction of the fan 2 of the installation 1 if there are favorable conditions for improving the indoor air by the outside air, that is to say in the conditions where points i and e are in the following areas: i in Z2 and e in E2 OR E3, i in Z3 and e in E3, i in Z4 and e in E3 OR E4, i in Z5 and e in E4, i in Z6 and e in E1 or E4, i in Z7 and e in E1, i in Z8 and e in E1 or E2, i in Z9 and e in E2, To avoid the operation with a low efficiency, it is necessary a sufficient difference temperature and hygrometry between indoor and outdoor air. The processing unit 11 can therefore take into account, for the operation of the installation 1, both the absolute value of the temperature difference between the outside temperature and the inside temperature, ie 1 Te-Ti, and the value absolute difference in the relative humidity ratio between outdoor and indoor air, ie 1He-Hi. Thus, if the two deviations are less than two corresponding threshold values, the installation will not be started. Both threshold values are user definable. By default, its minimum temperature and relative humidity variations for the actuation of the installation can be 1 ° C and 2% respectively. In addition, the installation 1 will also not be started under extreme conditions, for example when the outside temperature, Te, is negative or when it is greater than the operating limit temperature of the electronic modules. An automatic shutdown of the installation can be provided in case of smoke detection from a communication of the control system with a smoke detector. In addition, the treatment unit 11 can also determine the dew point from the external hygrometric conditions, and condition the operation of the plant 1 with respect to the determined dew point in order to avoid any risk of condensation of the water. air entering the walls.

The dew point Tr is calculated from the following equation for temperature values T 0 between 0 ° C and 60 ° C and relative humidity values He between 1% and 100%, and Tr between 0 ° C and 50 ° C: Tr = a -1 A a and a = 17,27 and b = 237,7 With A = + ln (He b +1) [00 Te With Te the outside temperature and He the external hygrometry measured respectively by the sensors 12 and 13. Thus the installation 1 will not be started if the internal temperature Ti is less than the temperature Tr + Er corresponding to the sum of the dew point temperature Tr with a difference Er defined by the user or by default of 2 ° C. The control system may comprise an actuation command during a certain duration D that can be defined by the user in order to avoid operation by jerk. at D = 30 min by default As shown in FIG. end of the regulation after having passed the duration D in the target zone Z1, or when one leaves the target zone Zi after having entered it, or in the case where the regulation does not make it possible to reach the target zone Z1, when the conditions are no longer favorable according to the zone conditions Z and E. In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the processing unit 11 comprises a storage module 20 recording a plurality of target zones of temperature and humidity. hygrometry, and a programming module 21 defining time ranges that can be associated by the user to different target areas. Other target areas can be defined by other polygons. In the case of a living space, the processing unit 11 may have prerecorded in memory a hygrothermal comfort zone.

Figure 6 shows an example of predefined hygrothermal comfort zone for an individual at rest in a local in France. The comfort zone is defined by a quadrilateral whose vertices are defined by the coordinates (Tmin; Hmin-min), (Tmin; Hmin-max), (Tmax; Hmax-min) and (Tmax; Hmax-max), with : Tmin = 17 ° C Tmax = 26 ° C The values Hmax-min, Hmax-max, Hmin-min and Hmin-max are defined by the equations Hi-min = -1.11x Ti + 60.8 and Hi-max = -3.21x Ti + 134.8. The user can then define a target zone within the comfort zone from a temperature setpoint T, and a temperature difference defined by default, for example 1 ° C, or by the user , the processing unit 11 defining the moisture limits accepted from the lines defined by the equations above. The VMC installation 1 with the control system 10 thus makes it possible to improve the ambient air of a room by saving energy and renewing the air with outside air. Compared with known controlled mechanical ventilation systems, the invention provides the equivalent of a wireless thermostat-hygrostat acting both on the temperature and humidity of a room. The invention makes it possible simultaneously to improve the temperature and hygrometry of the ventilated space. In addition, the establishment of the installation and the control system is very easy, since it is sufficient that the room has at least one wall bathed by the outside air. In addition, the invention is designed to recover as much energy as possible from the outside air by operating the fan whenever the conditions are favorable, the fan being configured to rapidly insufflate outside air while maintaining the noise at a low level. The invention can be used in storage rooms, sheds, garages, or second homes. In such premises and depending on the geographical location, it is not necessary to use other means of heating. The invention can also be used in more specific premises such as hot and humid greenhouses. The invention can also be used in living quarters with preferably the definition by the treatment unit of a comfort zone.

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS1. Control system (10) of a mechanical ventilation installation (1), comprising at least one sensor (14) of interior temperature, at least one sensor (12) of external temperature, at least one sensor (15) of hygrometry at least one sensor (13) of external humidity, and at least one processing unit (11) adapted to receive the signals of the various sensors (12 to 15) of temperature and hygrometry and to deliver a control signal a control unit (4) coupled to the mechanical ventilation installation (1), characterized in that it comprises an interface module (18) enabling the user to enter at least one temperature setpoint and / or at least one humidity rate setpoint, the treatment unit (11) being configured to define a hygrothermal target zone from said setpoints and to deliver an actuation signal of the mechanical ventilation installation according to the received signals capture urs and the target area whenever the hygrothermal conditions of the outside air allow to improve the hygrothermal conditions inside the room. 2. System (10) according to claim 1, wherein the interface module (18) comprises communication means (18) adapted to receive a set signal transmitted by a wireless communication device (19) from which the temperature and humidity levels are entered by the user. 3. System (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the sensors (12 to 15) of temperature and hygrometry comprise a wireless transmission module of the measurement signals. 4. System (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the actuation signal delivered by the processing unit (11) comprises a component for regulating the speed of rotation of a ventilation module ( 2) of the installation (1). 5. System (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the target zone is further defined from the climatic area in which the room with the installation (1) mechanical ventilation is installed. 6. System (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the target zone is defined by a polygon limited by four straight lines on a representative diagram expressing the relative humidity rate as a function of the temperature inside. from the local. 7. System (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the processing unit (11) comprises a storage module (20) adapted to record a plurality of target areas, and a programming module (21). ) capable of defining time ranges, each time range being able to be associated with a pair of setpoints. The system of claim 7, wherein the storage module (20) includes prerecorded target areas to serve as default. 9. Installation (1) mechanical ventilation comprising at least one module (2) of air ventilation, characterized in that it comprises a control system (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8. 10. Installation according to claim 9, comprising a single ventilation module comprising a single fan (2) for withdrawing air outside a room and blowing it into the room.