FR3013691A1 - INSTALLATION OF PACKAGING OF TOXIC WASTE, IN PARTICULAR ASBESTOS WASTE, AND COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT CONTAINER FOR SUCH A PLANT. - Google Patents

Abstract

Packaging installation for toxic waste, in particular asbestos waste, comprising a set of containers (1) of interchangeable waste and - a frame (31) of a size adapted to receive at least one container (1) of said set of containers, a cover (32) adapted to the frame for covering said container, - suction means (4) arranged to create a vacuum under the hood, above the container. Each container comprises a metal box (10) of dimensions adapted to the different standard sizes of asbestos collection big-bags, the walls (11,12) of the box being smooth and flared upwards, the box comprising moreover means (18) for temporarily holding the big-bag handles and handling means (16; 14,15)

Description

Installation for the packaging of toxic waste, in particular asbestos waste, and collection and transport container for such an installation. The present invention relates to a facility for packaging waste, in particular toxic waste and more particularly asbestos waste or likely to contain asbestos. It also relates to a container specially arranged for the collection and transport of this waste. It is very common to have to collect, transport, then store, bury, treat or recycle, waste presenting a high risk of toxicity, such as in particular waste containing asbestos. Asbestos has been widely used in the industrial and building sectors for its technical qualities and low manufacturing cost. As a result, this product is still present in all buildings built before 1997, when it was banned for serious health reasons (carcinogenic, toxic, etc.). It is therefore common to find waste containing asbestos, especially from demolitions or renovation of buildings, which can be collected by specialized companies, or brought by individuals on waste disposal centers or other sorting centers. By their nature dangerous to health, asbestos waste is packaged in big-bags, or woven pockets of generally cubic or parallelepipedic shape, typically having a volume of 1 to 2 m3, commonly called big-bags, hermetic so to avoid any contamination or spread of asbestos fibers.

As a rule, asbestos big bags are filled manually and then closed by folding their airtight filling chutes. They are then packaged on a pallet, possibly with the use of stretchable film and / or strapping. They can also be moved with a crane via four handles permanently attached to the corners of the big-bag.

A big problem is that during lifting or other handling, big bags often tear, because many demolition waste have sharp edges, which makes handling delicate, from the collection point to the center. landfill. In addition, a major risk related to the filling of a big-bag of asbestos waste in a dump, is the flight and the spread of asbestos fibers in the ambient air. These dusts are then inhaled by the waste disposal agents, the users, and other operators intervening in the vicinity of the dump. In addition, asbestos fibers tend to remain very long in suspension in the air, which is an aggravating factor. Thus, measurements made on waste sites show exposure rates well above the regulatory threshold set by the Public Health Code, currently less than or equal to 5 fibers per liter. Then, there is a second source of exposure, when the big-bags are full, even if they are closed with hermetic skirts. The composition of asbestos waste is often very heterogeneous, and the loading of big bags therefore include various products such as asbestos bonded, in the form of fiber cement sheets, tubes, etc., free asbestos, interlocking elements, in bulk. In addition, as already indicated above, these wastes often have cutting profiles that tear the big bag during its filling or handling, thus freeing fibers with recognized impacts on the health of operators. The big-bags are handled several times before being disposed of (during various handling operations on the construction sites or in the refuse collection, transport to collection centers, transfer to treatment sites, etc.), which increases significantly the risks of tearing and contamination. It is therefore necessary to use specific protective equipment such as masks, gloves, suits, etc., and to draw up very restrictive monitoring documents (withdrawal plan in particular).

It is also known to collect asbestos waste in conventional waste transport bins, typically 15 to 30 m3, then equipped with a polyethylene liner. When the bucket is filled, the polyethylene envelope is folded to enclose the waste. But again, it often happens that, during lifting or other subsequent handling during the emptying of the bucket, the envelope tears or folds due to the use of unsuitable handling means. In particular, the envelope can tear too easily by the only friction of the loaded envelope against the walls of the bucket during unloading it. In addition, this system is significantly more bulky and more difficult to handle than big bags.

The present invention aims to solve the problems mentioned above, and aims in particular to provide a device for collecting toxic waste, including asbestos waste and a corresponding packaging facility, allowing in particular to achieve both following objectives: - Protect both the public and the operators involved in asbestos waste during the filling of big-bags, especially in waste disposal, and - Offer a packaging that preserves the integrity of big-bags, as soon as they are put into service. place, then during their filling, and during the various manipulations, until their elimination. With these objectives in view, the invention relates to a facility for packaging toxic waste, including asbestos waste, comprising a set of interchangeable waste containers and - a frame of suitable size to receive at least one container of said game container, - a cover adapted to the frame to cover said container, - suction means arranged to create a depression under the hood, above the container.

The kit formed by the packaging installation and the containers used with this installation significantly reduces the risk of exposure to asbestos fibers. According to complementary and / or preferential provisions: the cover is movable between a closed position in which the cover covers the container in the most watertight manner possible, and an open position giving access to the interior of the container for pouring therein waste, - the suction means comprise a suction strip connected to an integrated suction plant, cyclone type, - the hood is kept open or closed using a system of jacks, - the opening the hood starts the start of the suction means, - when closing the cover, a delay allows to continue the suction for a given time, 35 to ensure optimum capture of asbestos particles still present in the air, - the cover has two side flanges to concentrate the air flow and optimize the suction of the fibers.

The invention also relates to a container for collecting and transporting toxic waste, in particular asbestos waste, arranged for an installation as defined above, characterized in that it essentially comprises a metal box, of dimensions adapted to different standard sizes asbestos collection bigbags, the walls of the body being smooth and flared upward, the body further comprising means for temporarily maintaining the handles of the big bag and handling means.

The inclination of the side walls of the body is a relief which, combined with the flatness of the inner faces of said walls, facilitates the extraction of the big-bag friction out of the box, strongly limiting the counters against these walls, and thus avoiding the tearing of the big-bag that could be at risk. complementary provisions and / or Preferential: - the body has a perforated floor, which limits the retention of moisture in the box and thus limits corrosion phenomena. - The box has, arranged in its upper edges, clearances allowing the passage of the handles of the big-bag contained in the box. This provision provides protection of the handles when the boxes are stacked on top of each other, thus limiting the risk of tearing said handles. - The box also has, arranged on the outer faces of its side walls and in correspondence 35 with said clearances, lockable holding means of said handles, - the box also has cleats in its four corners, to maintain the big -bag, and more particularly its filling skirt, in open position, - the body comprises a system of plastic sealing bag (waterproof plastic film shaped shaped container), arranged to be placed inside the big- bag and marry the inner forms thereof, the edges of said bag being folded around the body during the filling of the big-bag and thus avoiding the potential contamination by asbestos fibers, - a rigid bottom board is placed inside the big bag and the bag, to stiffen the big bag during its handling, the handling means comprise, preferably towards the corners of the box, handling rings welded to the body, and for attaching slings or other lifting accessories, for example a spreader, for handling the body by a crane or other similar lifting device, the handling means comprise guide rails, fork, to enable the handling and stacking of the boxes by forklifts or other forklift accessories, these guides serving as support for the box and being arranged in a cross, so as to allow the passage of the forks from the four sides of the box. In addition, these guides protrude from the bottom, laterally, a distance sufficient to compensate for the draft of the side walls and allow the boxes to be stacked, the projecting ends of said guides of an upper box being able to rest on the upper edges of the box. the box below, the upper edge of the side walls has locating tabs serving as a guide and stop for stacking the boxes, the ends of the fork guides cooperating with said locating tabs to ensure proper positioning of a box. cash on the other and avoid any relative slippage.

Other features and advantages will become apparent in the description to be made of a container for collecting and transporting asbestos waste and a packaging installation, in accordance with the invention, as well as the operating mode of this installation. .

Reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a perspective view of the container of a container according to the invention - Figure 2 is a sectional view of the container, with the big-bag and the sealing profile in place in the container, - Figure 3 is a perspective view showing two stacked containers, the upper one being provided with a big-bag but not yet covered with the sealing bag, - Figure 4 is a perspective view of a packaging installation according to the invention, in the open position, for depositing waste therein; - FIG. 5 is a view of the rear of the installation; FIG. side of the installation. The container 1 shown in Figures 1 to 3 essentially comprises a box 10 of generally parallelepipedal shape, but whose side walls 11, 12 are inclined, flaring upwards, and the inner surface of these walls is smooth. The bottom of the box forms a perforated floor 13, for example in the form of wire mesh of large section, resting on tubular sections 14, 15, serving as a fork guide for handling by a forklift. The box is of a size suitable for receiving an asbestos-collecting big bag 2, typically of the full-opening type having a filling skirt which can be folded over the materials placed in the big bag after filling of the latter. The fork guides 14, 15 are arranged perpendicular to each other, so that the box can be gripped by a forklift truck, or a forklift attachment, from all four sides. The box 10 also has four lifting rings 16, each ring being preferably located towards an angle of the box. The upper edge of the box comprises a peripheral profiled reinforcement 17 on the top of which are fixed triangular shaped cleats 171 serving as a positioning guide for the ends of the fork guides 14, 15, facilitating the stacking of the boxes by providing guidance and the positioning of a box on the other, as can be seen well figure 3.

Clearances 172 allowing the passage of the loops 21 of big-bag 2 contained in the box are also formed in the reinforcement 17. These clearances 172, made laterally and also providing a slight recess with respect to the upper plane of the reinforcements 17, protect the handles avoiding damage which could otherwise occur to said loops 21 by friction or shear during the contacts of boxes between them. Furthermore, in correspondence with these clearances, and in line with each of these clearances, locking means 18 locking said handles are fixed on the side wall of the box. In the example presented, these lockable holding means comprises a latch 181, sliding in tabs 182 welded to the wall, said tabs and the lock being arranged so that the lock can be passed in the handle 21 and then locked by sliding .

The box 10 also has, at the four corners of the box, skirt holding means constituted by tabs 173 on which the filling skirt can be hung to maintain the opening of said skirt during filling of the box. Finally, a rigid removable floor 22 is provided to be placed at the bottom of the big bag, after the latter has been placed and held on the body as described above, and that the waterproof bag 23 has been placed inside. big-bag, the edges 231 of said bag being folded around the body to cover it better and avoid the contact of the body with the asbestos fibers of waste deposited in the big-bag.

The packaging installation 3, shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, comprises a frame 31 of dimension adapted to receive at least one container 1 and a cover 32, for example made of plastic, pivotally mounted on the frame and of suitable dimensions to cover the container placed in the frame 31, to house and contain asbestos waste. The frame 31 is closed on three sides, the fourth being free to allow the introduction and removal of the container, the frame further includes cleats 311 which guide the body during its introduction. The packaging installation also comprises suction means 4 arranged to create a depression under the cover 32, above the container 1. The suction means 4 essentially comprise a suction strip 41, located at the rear of the frame 31, below the cover 32, and connected to an integrated suction unit 42 disposed on the side of the frame 31. The suction unit is preferably equipped with a cyclone filter and an absolute filter ( that is to say a specific filter for very fine particles of asbestos type, also called under its international name: HEPA FILTER for "High Efficiency Particulate Air"), intended to capture the asbestos fibers collected via the suction strip. This filter is accessible and can be changed unhindered by wearing the appropriate protective equipment. The cover 32 is movable between a closed position in which the cover covers the container as tightly as possible, and an open position giving access to the interior of the container to dump waste. It is kept open or closed by means of a system of cylinders 321. The opening of the cover 32 triggers the start of the suction means 4, so as to capture the particles that can be suspended during the filling the crate. When the hood is closed, a delay allows the suction to be continued for a predetermined time, to ensure optimum capture of asbestos particles still present in the air. The cover has two lateral flanges 321 for concentrating the air flows and optimizing the suction of the fibers. We will now describe the use of the installation according to the invention. After having put a big-bag 2 in the box 10 and placed and locked its handles 21 on the latches 181, the waterproof skirt 25 is held with the cleats 173. Then a transparent plastic bag 23 is put in place. the big-bag, this knowledge covering the entire body 10. Then placed a board 22 at the bottom of the big-bag to stiffen the assembly. And we place the box and equipped the big-bag, the skirt and the know in the chassis 3 of the packaging facility.

In use, for depositing waste, opening the cover 32 which causes the start of the automatic suction. Closing the hood then causes the automatic delayed shutdown of the suction. The same process is performed until filling the big-bag and thus the crate. When the big-bag is full, it raises the hood which causes the start of the suction; the plastic protection bag 23 is gently folded over the loaded waste and then the skirt 25 of the big bag is closed hermetically, all these operations being carried out while the suction is in use. We can then close the hood, remove the container and replace it with a new empty container provided with another big-bag. The filled big-bag can be temporarily stored while remaining in its crate, until evacuation. It will be noted that several boxes can be stacked. Then, during burial, the big-bag is removed from its body by a lifting device equipped with a rudder adapted to attach the loops 21. Due to the flaring of the sides of the body, the friction of the Bigbag on said sides is very small, which greatly reduces the risk of rips.

The packaging installation according to the invention makes it possible to protect the users during the transfer of asbestos waste into a dedicated big-bag. Indeed, it is often when asbestos waste is deposited in the big bags that fibers are suspended and the exposure to these toxic particles and the strongest, especially for the public on the waste. The automatic suction system, controlled by the opening / closing of the hood, coupled with an electric timer provides effective and systematic protection whenever new waste is deposited in the big-bag.

The plastic cover is easy to handle and can remain in the open position during filling thanks to its cylinders. In the closed position, the hood protects the waste from the elements (precipitation or wind).

The metal case according to the invention effectively protects big bags. Its flanks structure allows to limit the tearing of big bags when filling, handling, etc. Said body is easily stackable and offers an optimized and secure solution for storage at height. The box is equipped with many gripping systems (forklift, sling buckles etc.) that allow bigbags to be moved without touching them, and thus without risk of damaging them. The board added to the bottom of the set makes it possible to stiffen the base of the big bag and to keep a homogeneous shape, even in case of unequal or imbalanced loading. The transparent plastic bag, which covers the entire body offers good protection against asbestos fibers; thus it is not necessary to carry out a specific decontamination such as washing and filtration of the effluents etc.25

Claims (9)

REVENDICATIONS1. Installation for packaging toxic waste, in particular asbestos waste, comprising a set of containers (1) of interchangeable waste and - a frame (31) of a size adapted to receive at least one container (1) of said set of containers, - A cover (32) adapted to the frame to cover said container, - suction means (4) arranged to create a depression under the hood, above the container. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover (32) is movable between a closed position in which the cover covers the container (1), and an open position giving access to the interior of the container. to dump waste, and the hood is kept open or closed with a system of jacks (321). 20 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the suction means comprise a suction strip (41) connected to an integrated suction unit (42). 25 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening of the cover (32) triggers the start of the suction means (4) and, when closing the cover, a delay allows to continue the suction for a given time. 30 5. Container (1) for collecting and transporting toxic waste, in particular asbestos waste, arranged for an installation as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a metal box ( 10), of suitable dimensions to receive a standard size big-bag (2) of asbestos collection big-bags, the walls (11,12) of the box being smooth and flared upwards, the box comprising by elsewhere means (18) for temporarily holding the loops (21) of the big-bag and handling means (16; 14,15). 6. Container according to claim 5, characterized in that the box comprises, arranged in its upper edges (17), clearances (172) allowing the passage of the handles (21) of the big-bag (2) contained in the box, and the box also comprises, arranged on the outer faces of its side walls and in correspondence with said clearances, means (18) for maintaining lockable said handles. 7. Container according to claim 5, characterized in that the box (10) also comprises skirt holding means (173), for maintaining a skirt (25) for closing the big-bag, a system of plastic bag (23). ) sealing, arranged to be placed inside the big-bag (2), and a rigid bottom board (22) placed inside the big-bag and the know. 8. Container according to claim 5, characterized in that the handling means comprise fork guides (14,15), these guides serving as support for the box and being arranged in a cross, the ends of these guides protruding laterally from the bottom on a sufficient distance to allow the boxes to be stacked, the projecting ends of said guides of an upper box being able to rest on the upper edges (17) of the box located below. 9. Container according to claim 8, characterized in that the upper edge (17) of the side walls comprises locating cleats (171), the ends of the fork guides (14,15) of a box cooperating with said cleats. positioning (171) a lower box to ensure a good positioning of a box on the other.