FR2995333A1 - Modular strutting tower for supporting formwork of e.g. flagstones, of e.g. building, has tenon and opening that are encased by swiveling movement of frames relative to each other, where movement is included in safety perimeter - Google Patents

Abstract

The tower has a pawl pivotably mounted on a tenon (80) and forming a bolt. A back traverse opening (81) is arranged at a free end of an upper horizontal rail (61). Axes (A, B) are included in a same horizontal plane such that the tenon and the opening corresponding with adjacent to be assembled single-piece frames (6) are encased by a horizontal swiveling movement (R) of one of the frames relative to the other frame around a fulcrum pin (C). The swiveling movement is included in a safety perimeter (P) and the pawl is arranged to lock the tenon with the opening traversing in the perimeter. The pin is defined by its post segment (40).

Description

The present invention relates to a modular shoring tower, especially for civil engineering, composed of monoblock frames assembled together to form levels arranged to be superimposed, each level being composed four monobloc frames mounted at right angles and delimiting a safety perimeter, each monobloc frame being provided with at least one column segment, an upper horizontal beam and a diagonal bracing strut, each monobloc frame comprising in addition to the first locking means arranged to join in pairs the adjacent monoblock frames of each level and second locking means arranged to join the two pole segments of corresponding monoblock frames at two superimposed levels. PRIOR ART Shoring towers are mainly used in civil engineering to form slabs, floors, beams, etc. in order to realize any type of works of art. They can also be used to work at height on certain works. They must therefore meet stringent technical requirements. To this end, the evolution of regulatory texts tends to improve the working conditions of operators as well in terms of safety, hardship, as ergonomics. Among these requirements, it is expected that the mounting of these shoring towers is done without tools and without dangerous maneuver, that the weight of the elements to be assembled is limited, that the operator located inside the tower of shoring can not accidentally fall during the assembly of the tower and that the assembled elements can not be disassembled randomly.

Conventional shoring towers are mounted level by level, like an element-by-element construction set, based on a generally four-foot jack-up base. The first level is formed by nesting on the jack feet two ladders that face each other and linking them together by braces by means of bolts or the like. One hooks a first platform between the two scales then one nests two other ladders with bars on the scales of the first level to form the second level, which one links between them by braces. Guardrail tubes are added at the top between the two ladders before continuing to mount the next levels, and so on. The assembly ends with the installation of railing panels on the last level. This assembly operation is therefore tedious, long, exhausting, exposes the operator to the risk of accidental fall since it is not secured inside the tower when it assembles the scales and braces to form the different levels. In addition, this operation requires the use of tools to screw bolts and other assembly members. Disassembly of such a shoring tower generates the same constraints. The publication FR 2 939 464 proposes an improvement to the shoring towers by performing the successive levels by an assembly of monobloc frames incorporating means for locking the frames together at the same level and superimposed levels, access means to the platforms, as well as individual and collective security. In fact, this solution makes it possible to reduce the number of elements to be assembled, to improve the assembly and dismantling operations of the shoring towers, to reduce the arduousness and to increase the safety of the operators. However, this solution is not totally satisfactory. Indeed, the hook system used for locking the monobloc frames of the same level requires the operator, positioned inside the tower, to pivot the first monobloc frame to the outside of the tower by a few degrees, that is to say outside the internal security perimeter defined by the tower, to be able to assemble it with the last monoblock frame, this in order to avoid the problems of interference with the hook system. This constraint thus exposes the operator to the risk of an accidental fall. On the other hand, this hook system requires a tool such as a hammer or a mallet to hit the hook to secure the lock during assembly and vice versa to unlock when disassembling the tower. The present invention aims at overcoming these disadvantages by proposing a shoring tower provided with locking means designed and arranged differently to automatically lock and unlock the one-piece frames with respect to each other during assembly and removal of the shoring tower, without any tooling or insert, ensuring optimum safety for the operator who is inside the tower while providing better ergonomics of work. For this purpose, the invention relates to a shoring tower of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that the first locking means of each one-piece frame comprise at least one male piece of axis A and a female piece of axis B of complementary shape, one of said parts carrying a lock, said male and female parts being provided at the upper end of the pole segment and the other at the free end of the horizontal beam, in that the A and B axes are mutually perpendicular and included in the same horizontal plane so that the male and female parts corresponding to two adjacent monoblock frames to be joined together by a horizontal pivoting movement of one of the monoblock frames relative to the another around a pivot axis defined by its pole segment, said movement forming part of the safety perimeter of said shoring tower and said latch being arranged to lock the latch. your male and female parts in this security perimeter. The one-piece frames of each level are preferably identical to build a shoring tower from a single module and optimize the entire chain from the manufacture of these frames to their assembly on a building site. In a preferred embodiment, the male part of the first locking means comprises a ratchet pin extending radially from the upper end of the post segment parallel to the upper horizontal rail, said pawl being pivotally mounted on this post and forming said latch, and the female part of the first latch comprises a through hole formed at the free end of the upper horizontal bar.

The second locking means of each one-piece frame may comprise at least one housing and a complementary shaped locking finger, provided at the upper end of the pole segment and the other at the lower end of said pole segment. the locking finger of a monobloc frame of a level being arranged to lock in the housing of a corresponding monobloc frame of an adjacent level by the horizontal pivoting movement effected by the concerned monobloc frame about its axis of pivoting. In the preferred embodiment, the male part of the first locking means and the housing of the second locking means are provided at the upper end of the pole segment of each one-piece frame, the female part of the first locking means is provided in FIG. the free end of the upper horizontal beam, and the locking finger is provided at the lower end of the pole segment.

To optimize the manufacture of said monobloc frames, the male part of the first locking means and the housing of the second locking means are integral with the same locking device radially attached to the upper end of said pole segment.

Preferably, the column segment of each monobloc frame comprises two identical locking devices radially attached at its upper end and at a distance of 90 °, one of the locking devices extending perpendicularly to the upper horizontal stringer and the another locking device extending opposite the upper horizontal beam. The locking finger of the second locking means may comprise a radial abutment arranged to limit the amplitude of the pivoting movement of a one-piece frame relative to another adjacent monobloc frame prohibiting its exit from the safety perimeter of the shoring tower. . The second locking means comprise two locking fingers projecting radially at the lower end of the pole segment, at a distance of 90 °, at least one of said locking fingers having said radial abutment.

Each locking device may comprise a vertical plate extending radially at the upper end of the pole segment and arranged to form a baseboard support, this vertical plate advantageously comprising the housing of the second locking means and the male part of the first means locking. Each one-piece frame may furthermore comprise a lower horizontal rail extending from the post segment and connected to the upper horizontal rail by two V-shaped bracing rails. Advantageously, it also comprises a central scale segment extending vertically between the upper and lower horizontal rails, inside the V shape defined by the two bracing rails.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the following description of an embodiment given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view 3 is a perspective view of a one-piece frame according to the invention used to construct the shoring tower of FIG. 1, FIGS. 3A-3C are top views showing the three-step horizontal assembly mode of the four one-piece one-level frames; FIGS. 4A-4D are perspective views showing the four-step operating mode of the first locking means adjacent monoblock frames of the same level, and - FIGS. 5A to 5C are perspective views showing the three-step operating mode of the second one-piece frame locking means. perimeters of two adjacent levels. Illustrations of the invention and the best way of carrying it out: With reference to FIG. 1, the shoring tower 1 according to the invention is intended in particular to support slab formworks, beams and other elements of construction of buildings and structures. civil engineering structures. It is modular since it is made essentially from monobloc frames 6, detailed below, assembled to form at least two levels 2, and in the example three levels 2, superimposed, supported by at least four feet 3 arranged to spread the vertical load on the ground to which it is subjected. The feet 3 are, for example, jack feet enabling the shoring tower 1 to be leveled. The shoring tower 1 as illustrated can be assembled with other identical and adjacent shoring towers 1 to cover the entire floor area necessary for the realization of said work. It comprises four posts 4 extending the feet 3 and each terminated by a fork 5 supporting the formwork elements (not shown) which are for example cylinder forks also allowing a leveling of the formwork.

The levels 2 may be identical to limit the number of elements constituting the shoring tower 1. However, some levels 2, such as the first level shown in Figure 1, may be of different construction. Each level 2 is constituted by the assembly of four monobloc frames 6 at right angles delimiting a safety perimeter P inside the shoring tower 1. These one-piece frames 6 are preferably identical to constitute standard elements. They may, however, have a single dimension to form a square one or two different sizes to form a rectangular shoring tower. Each level 2 can support a platform (not shown) on which at least one operator can be positioned, said platform being disposed in the security perimeter P delimited by the upper level 2. Referring more particularly to Figure 2, each one-piece frame 6 comprises a pole segment 40, an upper horizontal rail 61, a lower horizontal rail 62, and two bracing rails 63, 64 arranged in V. These two bracing rails 63 , 64 centered in the one-piece frame 6 and in opposition have the advantage of balancing the load recovery and tilting efforts. In addition, the free space E located at the end of the one-piece frame, opposite to the post segment 40, and which has a triangular shape delimited by the bracing beam 63 and the pole segment 40 of an adjacent one-piece frame 6 , has dimensions sufficiently small to prohibit the passage of a sphere S of diameter 470mm, in accordance with the regulations in force. Each one-piece frame 6 has an access means 7 to the safety perimeter P of the shoring tower 1 in the form of a scale segment 70 extending vertically between the upper horizontal slats 61 and the lower slat 62 The interior of the V-shape defined by the two bracing rails 63, 64. This scale segment 70 has the advantage of being in the center of the one-piece frame 6 thus facilitating access to the operators. The rungs of the ladder segment 70 may of course have a non-skid coating. Each one-piece frame 6 further comprises first locking means 8 arranged to couple in pairs and horizontally the adjacent monoblock frames 6 of the same level 2 as well as second locking means 9 arranged to join the two segments vertically and vertically. of post 40 monobloc frames 6 superimposed two adjacent levels 2 as and when the tower of the shoring tower 1. The combination of these locking means provides a stable shoring tower 1, stable and freestanding on great heights. Thus, the one-piece frames 6 integrate all the means allowing them to respond to a plurality of functions: assembly and locking both horizontal and vertical monoblock frames 6 between them, individual and collective security, and access to the interior of the shoring tower 1, this without any tools or dangerous maneuver as explained below.

Referring more particularly to FIGS. 3 and 4, the first locking means 8 of each one-piece frame 6 comprise a male piece with an axis A, in the form of a ratchet pin 80 provided, in the illustrated example, with upper end 41 of the pole segment 40 and a female part of axis B, in the form of a through hole 81 provided at the free end of the upper horizontal beam 61. The axes A and B are perpendicular and included in the same horizontal plane. The reverse configuration in which the ratchet pin 80 is provided at the free end of the upper horizontal bar 61 and the through hole 81 at the upper end 41 of the pole segment 40 is also conceivable. The ratchet pin 80 bears, as its name indicates, a pawl 82 forming a latch and pivotally mounted between a horizontal position which allows it to enter the through hole 81 and a vertical position which allows it to lock to the latch. rear of said orifice. It is mounted on a locking device 10 radially attached to the upper end 41 of the pole segment 40. The through hole 81 is provided in an L-shaped tab relative to the free end of the upper horizontal beam 61 and arranged to abut the locking device 10 in the locked position. With particular reference to FIGS. 5, the second locking means 9 of each one-piece frame 6 comprise at least one housing 90, and in the example shown, two housings 90 90 ° apart, provided at the upper end 41 of the segment of pole 40, and at least one locking pin 91, and in the example shown, two corresponding locking fingers 91, 90 ° apart, provided at the lower end 42 of the pole segment 40. This lower end 42 comprises a sleeve forming a female endpiece arranged to fit on the upper end 41 of the pole segment 40 of a monobloc frame corresponding to a lower level 2. The reverse configuration in which the sleeve is provided at the upper end 41 of the pole segment 40 and includes the locking pin 91 and the lower end 42 of the pole segment includes the housing 90 is also conceivable. At least one of the locking fingers 91 comprises a radial abutment 92 arranged to define a stop in rotation of a one-piece frame 6 with respect to another adjacent, thus preventing the exit of the safety perimeter P from the shoring tower 1.

In the example shown, the ratchet pin 80 of the first locking means 8 and the housing 90 of the second locking means 9 are integral with the same locking device 10 radially attached to the upper end 41 of the pole segment 40. , perpendicular to the upper horizontal rail 61.

Still in the example shown, this locking device 10 is doubled to be able to mount adjacent shoring towers 1. Thus a second identical locking device 10 is positioned at 90 ° from the first and the opposite of the upper horizontal rail 61. Each locking device 10 comprises a plate 11 extending vertically and parallel to the pivot axis C, which carries in the upper part the housing 90 and in the lower part the pawl pin 80. The shape of the upper part of this plate 11 is arranged to form a skirting support on which a horizontal plinth (not shown) bordering a platform (no shown) can be fixed. Thus, this locking device 10 combines various functions: horizontal locking and vertical locking of the one-piece frames 6 of the same shoring tower 1, horizontal locking of the one-piece frames 6 corresponding to two adjacent shoring towers 1, and baseboard support. The assembly and locking of the adjacent monoblock frames 6 of the same level 2 with simultaneously the monobloc frames 6 of the lower level 2 are performed very simply as explained below with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5. A first frame is positioned 1 inside the safety perimeter P, the lower end 42 of its pole segment 40 is engaged on the upper end 41 of the pole segment 40 of the one-piece frame 6 corresponding to the lower level 2 by shifting it from approximately 1 / 8th of a turn to escape the locking devices 10 and then it is rotated (arrow R in Figures 5A and 5B) about 1 / 8th of a turn around its pivot axis C to bring the locking fingers 91 in the housing 90 until the radial abutment 92 abuts against the corresponding locking device 10 and stops this movement. This vertical assembly is thus secured (FIG. 5C) and the first one-piece frame 61 is positioned at the limit of the safety perimeter P of the shoring tower 1. A second one-piece frame 62 is then positioned inside the safety perimeter P so that the free end of its upper horizontal rail 61 is on the side of the pole segment 40 of the one-piece frame 61 preconditioned. As before, the lower end 42 of its pole segment 40 is engaged on the upper end 41 of the pole segment 40 of the one-piece frame 6 corresponding to the lower level 2, by shifting it about 1/8 of a turn to escape them. locking devices 10 and then rotated about 118th of a turn about its pivot axis C to bring the locking fingers 91 into the housings 90 until the radial abutment 92 abuts against the corresponding locking device 10 and stop this movement. During this pivoting (arrow R in Figures 4A and 4B), the through hole 81 provided at the free end of its top horizontal bar 61 is engaged on the pawl pin 80 provided on the pole segment 40 of the one-piece frame 61 preliminary laid. When this second one-piece frame 62 is correctly positioned at the limit of the safety perimeter P of the shoring tower 1, position also determined by the L-tab 83 which abuts on the corresponding locking device 10, the operator located at the inside the safety perimeter P switches the pawl 82 (arrow V in Figure 4D) to secure this horizontal assembly. We do the same with a third 63 then a fourth 64 monobloc frames. To lock the fourth monobloc frame 64 horizontally to the first one-piece frame 61 and thus close the safety perimeter P, the first one-piece frame 61 (FIG. 3A) is pivoted about its pivot axis C inside the security perimeter P for able to fit the through hole 81 of the first one-piece frame 61 on the pawl pin 80 of the fourth one-piece frame 64 to lock this assembly by the tilting of the pawl 82. These steps can be reproduced as many times as there are levels 2 to superimpose. To dismantle such a shoring tower 1, these steps are carried out in the opposite direction, without it being possible to remove or detach a one-piece frame 6 from one of the levels 6 without having previously dismantled the upper levels 6.

Industrial application possibilities: The one-piece frames 6 used for the construction of the shoring tower 1 according to the invention or of any other equivalent tower can be made by a welded assembly of tubular sections, for example galvanized steel or the like. , which has good resistance to both mechanical stress and weather conditions. The locking means 8, 9 which are simplified and concentrated in common parts can be reported by welding on the relevant sections. Thus the design of these monobloc frames 6 provides competitive cost. It is clear from this description that the invention achieves the goals set, namely a simple and fast assembly, without tools or insert, of monobloc frames 6 allowing a modular construction safely a tower of shoring 1 or similar. The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described but extends to any modification and variation obvious to a person skilled in the art while remaining within the scope of protection defined in the appended claims.

Claims (12)

REVENDICATIONS1. Shoring tower (1) modular, especially for civil engineering, consisting of monobloc frames (6) assembled together to form levels (2) arranged to be superimposed, each level being composed of four monobloc frames (6) mounted to right angle and delimiting a safety perimeter (P), each one-piece frame being provided with at least one post segment (40), an upper horizontal rail (61) and a diagonal bracing rail (63) each monobloc frame further comprising first locking means (8) arranged to couple in pairs the adjacent monoblock frames (6) of each level (2) and second locking means (9) arranged to couple in pairs the post segments (40) corresponding one-piece frames (6) with two levels (2) superimposed, characterized in that said first locking means (8) of each one-piece frame (6) comprise at least one male piece (80) d axis A and a complementary-shaped female B-axis piece (81), one of said bolt-bearing pieces (82), said male and female pieces being provided at an upper end (41) of the post segment (40) and the other at a free end of the horizontal beam (61), in that said axes A and B are perpendicular to each other and lying in the same horizontal plane so that said male (80) and female (81) parts corresponding to two adjacent one-piece frames (6) fit together by a horizontal pivoting movement (R) of one of the one-piece frames relative to the other about a pivot axis (C) defined by its pole segment ( 40), said pivoting movement (R) forming part of the safety perimeter (P) and said latch (82) being arranged to lock said male (80) and female (81) pieces in this security perimeter (P) . 2. Shoring tower according to claim 1, characterized in that said monobloc frames (6) of each level (2) are identical. 3. Shoring tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the male part of said first locking means (8) comprises a ratchet (80) extending radially from the upper end (41) of the pole segment. (40) parallel to the upper horizontal rail (61), said pawl (82) being pivotally mounted on said post (80) and forming said latch, and in that the female part of said first latch (8) has a through hole (81) provided at the free end of said upper horizontal rail (61). 4. Shoring tower according to claim 1, characterized in that said second locking means (9) of each one-piece frame (6) comprise at least one housing (90) and a locking pin (91) of complementary shape, provided at the upper end (41) of the post segment (40) and the other at a lower end (42) of said post segment (40), the locking pin (91) of a monoblock frame (6) a level (2) being arranged to lock into the housing (90) of a one-piece frame (6) corresponding to a level (2) adjacent by said horizontal pivoting movement (R) effected by the frame concerned piece about its pivot axis (C). 5. Shoring tower according to claim 4, characterized in that the male part (80) of the first locking means (8) and the housing (90) of the second locking means (9) are provided at the upper end. (41) of the post segment (40) of each one-piece frame (6), in that the female part (81) of the first locking means (8) is provided at the free end of the upper horizontal rail (61) , and in that the locking finger (91) is provided at the lower end (42) of the post segment (40). 6. Shoring tower according to claim 5, characterized in that the male part (80) of the first locking means (8) and the housing (90) of the second unlocking means (9) are integral with the same device of lock (10) radially attached to the upper end (41) of said post segment (40). 7. shoring tower according to claim 6, characterized in that the column segment (40) of each monobloc frame (6) comprises two identical locking devices (10) radially connected to its upper end (41) and distant from each other. an angle of 90 °, one of the locking devices extending perpendicular to the upper horizontal stringer (61) and the other locking device extending opposite said upper horizontal stringer. 8. Shoring tower according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the locking pin (91) of the second locking means (9) comprises a radial abutment (92) arranged to limit the amplitude of the pivotal movement (R) of a one-piece frame (6) relative to another adjacent one-piece frame (6) preventing its exit from said security perimeter (P). 9. Shoring tower according to claim 8, characterized in that said second locking means (9) comprise two locking fingers (91) radially projecting at the lower end (42) of said pole segment (40), distant at an angle of 90 °, at least one of said locking fingers having said radial stop (92). 10. Shoring tower according to claim 6, characterized in that said locking device (10) comprises a vertical plate (11) extending radially at the upper end (42) of the pole segment (40) and arranged to form a plinth support, and in that said vertical plate comprises the housing (90) of said second locking means (9) and the male part (80) of said first locking means (8). 11. Shoring tower according to claim 1, characterized in that each one-piece frame (6) further comprises a lower horizontal rail (62) extending from said pole segment (40) and connected to the upper horizontal rail (61). ) by two bracing rails (63, 64) arranged in V. 12. Shoring tower according to claim 11, characterized in that each one-piece frame (6) comprises a central scale segment (70) extending vertically between the upper horizontal slats (61) and lower (62), to the inside of the V-shape defined by the two bracing rails (63, 64).