[go: up one dir, main page]

FR2978922A1 - Device for learning golf movement i.e. swing movement, to play golf, has torso bar including end connected to first bracket, and another end connected to second bracket, where second bracket is connected to third bracket - Google Patents

Device for learning golf movement i.e. swing movement, to play golf, has torso bar including end connected to first bracket, and another end connected to second bracket, where second bracket is connected to third bracket Download PDF

Info

Publication number
FR2978922A1
FR2978922A1 FR1102474A FR1102474A FR2978922A1 FR 2978922 A1 FR2978922 A1 FR 2978922A1 FR 1102474 A FR1102474 A FR 1102474A FR 1102474 A FR1102474 A FR 1102474A FR 2978922 A1 FR2978922 A1 FR 2978922A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
bracket
fastener
golf
end connected
movement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
FR1102474A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hakam Guedira
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to FR1102474A priority Critical patent/FR2978922A1/en
Publication of FR2978922A1 publication Critical patent/FR2978922A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/0057Means for physically limiting movements of body parts
    • A63B69/0059Means for physically limiting movements of body parts worn by the user
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/0057Means for physically limiting movements of body parts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/36Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for golf
    • A63B69/3608Attachments on the body, e.g. for measuring, aligning, restraining
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/36Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for golf
    • A63B69/3623Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for golf for driving
    • A63B69/3629Visual means not attached to the body for aligning, positioning the trainee's head or for detecting head movement, e.g. by parallax
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/02Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00 for large-room or outdoor sporting games
    • A63B71/023Supports, e.g. poles
    • A63B2071/026Supports, e.g. poles stabilised by weight
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/06Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
    • A63B2071/0694Visual indication, e.g. Indicia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2225/00Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
    • A63B2225/09Adjustable dimensions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/36Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for golf
    • A63B69/3621Contacting or non-contacting mechanical means for guiding the swing

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)

Abstract

The device has a torso bar (1) including an end connected to a first bracket (2), and another end connected to a second bracket (3), where the second bracket is connected to a third bracket (4). The brackets include respective rigid semi-cylindrical arches (2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b), where the torso bar is adjustable in length to adapt to the thoracic morphology of a golfer. The third bracket is connected to the second bracket by a rod (5) articulated on one of the semi-cylindrical arches of the second bracket.

Description

i La présente invention est relative à un dispositif pour l'apprentissage des mouvements pour jouer au golf et en particulier du mouvement appelé swing. Ce mouvement du swing doit être continuellement entretenu de façon à devenir quasiment comme un réflexe pour autant qu'il soit exécuté convenablement : la correction de ce mouvement est assurée soit par un tiers soit à l'aide d'enregistrements vidéo. Mais à ce jour, il n'existe aucun moyen permettant au joueur de prendre conscience de la bonne attitude pour réaliser convenablement le mouvement du swing et ce de manière répétitive. Aussi un des buts de présente invention est-il de fournir un dispositif pour 10 l'apprentissage des mouvements pour jouer au golf et en particulier du mouvement appelé swing permettant au joueur d'acquérir la bonne attitude. Un autre but est de fournir un tel dispositif qui peut s'adapter à toute morphologie de joueur de golf. Un but supplémentaire est de fournir un tel dispositif à un coût aussi faible que 15 possible et facile d'emploi. Ces buts, ainsi que d'autres qui apparaîtront par la suite sont atteints par un dispositif pour l'apprentissage des mouvements pour jouer au golf et en particulier du mouvement appelé swing, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un premier ensemble qui comprend une barre de torse munie à une extrémité d'une première attache et à 20 l'autre extrémité d'une deuxième attache qui est reliée à une troisième attache. De préférence, chaque attache est constituée d'un premier arceau hémicylindrique semi-rigide et d'un second arceau hémi-cylindrique constituant avec le premier arceau un tronc cylindrique. Avantageusement, la barre de torse est réglable en longueur, afin de s'adapter 25 à la morphologie thoracique d'un joueur de golf. De préférence, la troisième attache est reliée à la deuxième attache par une tige articulée sur le premier arceau hémi-cylindrique de celle-ci. Avantageusement, le premier arceau comporte un bras qui est disposé perpendiculairement à la barre de torse et à l'extrémité libre duquel est fixée de façon 30 articulée l'extrémité libre de la tige. De préférence, la première attache et la deuxième attache comportent chacune un élément arqué dont les courbures se font face, et sont situées dans un plan perpendiculaire au plan déterminé par la barre de torse et le bras. Selon la présente invention, ce dispositif pour l'apprentissage des mouvements 35 pour jouer au golf comprend un second élément qui est une mire. The present invention relates to a device for learning movements to play golf and in particular the movement called swing. This movement of the swing must be continually maintained so as to become almost a reflex as long as it is executed properly: the correction of this movement is ensured either by a third party or with the help of video recordings. But to date, there is no way for the player to become aware of the right attitude to properly perform the movement of the swing and it repeatedly. Also, it is an object of the present invention to provide a device for learning movements to play golf and in particular a movement called swing allowing the player to acquire the right attitude. Another goal is to provide such a device that can adapt to any morphology of golf player. An additional object is to provide such a device at a cost as low as possible and easy to use. These goals, as well as others that will appear later are achieved by a device for learning movements to play golf and in particular the movement called swing, characterized in that it comprises a first set that includes a torso bar provided at one end with a first fastener and at the other end with a second fastener which is connected to a third fastener. Preferably, each fastener consists of a first semi-rigid hemi-cylindrical hoop and a second hemi-cylindrical hoop constituting with the first hoop a cylindrical trunk. Advantageously, the torso bar is adjustable in length, in order to adapt to the thoracic morphology of a golf player. Preferably, the third attachment is connected to the second attachment by a rod articulated on the first hemi-cylindrical hoop thereof. Advantageously, the first arch comprises an arm which is arranged perpendicularly to the torso bar and at the free end of which the free end of the rod is hingedly attached. Preferably, the first fastener and the second fastener each comprise an arched element whose curvatures face each other, and are located in a plane perpendicular to the plane determined by the torso bar and the arm. According to the present invention, this device for learning golfing movements comprises a second element which is a test pattern.

Avantageusement, cette mire comporte un socle, une tige courbée dont une extrémité est solidaire de ce socle et l'autre extrémité d'un cerceau qui est parallèle à ce socle et peut tourner dans son plan autour de la tige courbée. La description qui va suivre qui ne présente aucun caractère limitatif doit être 5 lue en regard des figures annexées, parmi lesquelles : Advantageously, this pattern comprises a base, a curved rod whose end is integral with the base and the other end of a hoop which is parallel to the base and can rotate in its plane around the curved rod. The following description, which is in no way limiting, should be read in conjunction with the appended figures, among which:

- La figure 1 représente en perspective un premier ensemble du dispositif selon la présente invention ; et, - La figure 2 représente en perspective un second ensemble du dispositif selon 10 la présente invention ; - Figure 1 shows in perspective a first set of the device according to the present invention; and - Figure 2 shows in perspective a second assembly of the device according to the present invention;

Ainsi qu'on peut le voir sur ces figures, la présente invention est un dispositif pour l'apprentissage des mouvements pour jouer au golf qui comprend deux ensembles.As can be seen from these figures, the present invention is a device for learning golf swing movements that includes two sets.

15 Le premier ensemble comprend une barre de torse 1 munie à une extrémité d'une première attache 2 et à l'autre extrémité d'une deuxième attache 3 qui est reliée à une troisième attache 4. Chaque attache 2, 3 et 4 est constituée d'un premier arceau hémi-cylindrique semi-rigide 2a, 3a et 4a respectivement et d'un second arceau hémi-cylindrique, 2b, 20 3b et 4b respectivement, constituant avec le premier arceau un tronc cylindrique. Ces attaches pourraient de manière équivalente être constituées par des manchons élastiques. La barre de torse 1 est réglable afin de s'adapter en longueur à la morphologie thoracique d'un joueur de golf.The first set comprises a torso bar 1 provided at one end with a first fastener 2 and at the other end with a second fastener 3 which is connected to a third fastener 4. Each fastener 2, 3 and 4 consists of a first semi-cylindrical semi-cylindrical hoop 2a, 3a and 4a respectively and a second hemi-cylindrical hoop, 2b, 3b and 4b respectively, constituting with the first hoop a cylindrical trunk. These fasteners could equally be constituted by elastic sleeves. The torso bar 1 is adjustable to fit in length to the thoracic morphology of a golf player.

25 La troisième attache 4 est reliée à la deuxième attache 3 par une tige 5 articulée sur le premier arceau hémi-cylindrique 3a de celle-ci. Selon le présent mode réalisation, ce premier arceau 3a comporte un bras 6 qui est disposé perpendiculairement à la barre de torse 1 et à l'extrémité libre duquel est fixée de façon articulée l'extrémité libre de la tige 5.The third fastener 4 is connected to the second fastener 3 by a rod 5 articulated on the first hemi-cylindrical arch 3a thereof. According to the present embodiment, this first arch 3a comprises an arm 6 which is arranged perpendicularly to the torso bar 1 and at the free end of which is hingedly attached the free end of the rod 5.

30 De plus, la première attache 2 et la deuxième attache 3 comportent chacune un élément arqué, 2c et 3c respectivement, dont les courbures se font face, et sont situées dans un plan perpendiculaire au plan déterminé par la barre de torse 1 et le bras 6 Lorsque le joueur veut s'équiper de ce premier ensemble, il passe un bras 35 dans la première attache 2 de telle sorte que celle-ci vienne se situer juste sensiblement au milieu de son bras et passe l'autre bras dans les deuxième 3 et troisième attache 4 : la deuxième attache vient se situer sensiblement au milieu de son bras et la troisième sensiblement au milieu de son avant-bras. Le joueur règle, d'une part, la longueur de la barre de torse 1 de telle sorte que son torse soit enserré par les éléments arqués 2c et 3c, et, d'autre part, l'inclinaison de la tige 5 par rapport au bras 6. En fait la tige 5 forme, avec la barre de torse 1, un angle approximativement droit : les deux bras sont ainsi solidaires et constituent avec le club de golf un pendule. Ainsi équipé, le joueur de golf est conduit à exécuter parfaitement un 10 mouvement de type swing. Comme mentionné plus haut, la présente invention comprend un second élément en l'occurrence une mire telle que représentée sur la figure 2. Cette mire comporte un socle 10, une tige courbée 11 dont une extrémité est solidaire de ce socle 10 et l'autre extrémité d'un cerceau 12 : ce dernier est parallèle au socle 10 et 15 peut tourner dans son plan autour de la tige courbée 11. La tige courbée 11 peut être flexible et être par ailleurs montée/démontée selon un quart de tour sur le socle 10. Le cerceau 12 peut comporter sur son pourtour des graduations. Le joueur équipé du premier ensemble se positionne au-dessus de cette mire de telle sorte qu'il ait le regard situé au-dessus du cerceau 12 au centre duquel il voit 20 la balle posée sur un tee ou support équivalent. Ce second ensemble a pour but de fixer la tête en position pendant le mouvement de swing, ce qui contribue à une bonne exécution de celui-ci. In addition, the first fastener 2 and the second fastener 3 each comprise an arched element, 2c and 3c, respectively, whose curvatures face each other, and are located in a plane perpendicular to the plane determined by the torso bar 1 and the arm When the player wants to equip himself with this first set, he passes an arm 35 in the first attachment 2 so that it comes to be located just substantially in the middle of his arm and passes the other arm in the second 3 and third fastener 4: the second fastener is located substantially in the middle of his arm and the third substantially in the middle of his forearm. The player adjusts, on the one hand, the length of the torso bar 1 so that his torso is enclosed by the arcuate elements 2c and 3c, and, on the other hand, the inclination of the rod 5 with respect to the arm 6. In fact the rod 5 forms, with the torso bar 1, an approximately right angle: the two arms are thus integral and constitute with the golf club a pendulum. Thus equipped, the golf player is led to execute a swing-type movement perfectly. As mentioned above, the present invention comprises a second element in this case a pattern as shown in Figure 2. This pattern comprises a base 10, a curved rod 11 whose one end is integral with the base 10 and the other end of a hoop 12: the latter is parallel to the base 10 and 15 can rotate in its plane around the curved rod 11. The curved rod 11 can be flexible and be further mounted / dismantled a quarter turn on the base 10. The hoop 12 may have on its periphery graduations. The player equipped with the first set is positioned above this pattern so that he has the gaze located above the hoop 12 in the center of which he sees 20 the ball placed on a tee or equivalent support. This second set aims to fix the head in position during the swing movement, which contributes to a good performance of it.

Claims (8)

REVENDICATIONS1. - Dispositif pour l'apprentissage des mouvements pour jouer au golf et en particulier du mouvement appelé swing, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un premier ensemble qui comprend une barre de torse (1) munie à une extrémité d'une première attache (2) et à l'autre extrémité d'une deuxième attache (3) qui est reliée à une troisième attache (4). REVENDICATIONS1. - Device for learning movements to play golf and in particular the movement called swing, characterized in that it comprises a first set which comprises a torso bar (1) provided at one end with a first fastener ( 2) and at the other end of a second fastener (3) which is connected to a third fastener (4). 2. - Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que chaque attache (2, 3 et 4) est constituée d'un premier arceau hémi-cylindrique semi-rigide (2a, 3a et 4a respectivement) et d'un second arceau hémi-cylindrique, (2b, 3b et 4b respectivement), constituant avec le premier arceau un tronc cylindrique. 2. - Device according to claim 1, characterized in that each fastener (2, 3 and 4) consists of a first semi-cylindrical hoop semi-rigid (2a, 3a and 4a respectively) and a second hoop hemi-cylindrical, (2b, 3b and 4b respectively) constituting with the first arch a cylindrical trunk. 3. - Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la barre de torse (1) est réglable en longueur, afin de s'adapter à la morphologie thoracique d'un joueur de golf. 3. - Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the torso bar (1) is adjustable in length, in order to adapt to the thoracic morphology of a golf player. 4. - Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que la troisième attache (4) est reliée à la deuxième attache (3) par une tige (5) articulée sur le premier arceau hémi-cylindrique (3a) de celle-ci. 4. - Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the third fastener (4) is connected to the second fastener (3) by a rod (5) articulated on the first hemi-cylindrical arch (3a) thereof . 5. - Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que le premier arceau (3a) comporte un bras (6) qui est disposé perpendiculairement à la barre de torse (1) et à l'extrémité libre duquel est fixée de façon articulée l'extrémité libre de la tige (5). 5. - Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the first arch (3a) comprises an arm (6) which is arranged perpendicularly to the torso bar (1) and the free end of which is hingedly attached the free end of the rod (5). 6. - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que la première attache (2) et la deuxième attache (3) comportent chacune un élément arqué, (2c et 3c respectivement), dont les courbures se font face, et sont situées dans un plan perpendiculaire au plan déterminé par la barre de torse (1) et le bras (6). 6. - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first fastener (2) and the second fastener (3) each comprise an arcuate element, (2c and 3c respectively), whose curvatures are face, and are located in a plane perpendicular to the plane determined by the torso bar (1) and the arm (6). 7. - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend un second élément qui est une mire (9). 7. - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a second element which is a pattern (9). 8. - Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait que la mire (9) comporte un socle (10), une tige courbée (11) dont une extrémité est solidaire dudit socle (10) et l'autre extrémité d'un cerceau (12) qui est parallèle audit socle (10) et peut tourner dans son plan autour de ladite tige courbée (11). 8. - Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the pattern (9) comprises a base (10), a curved rod (11) whose one end is integral with said base (10) and the other end of a hoop (12) which is parallel to said base (10) and can rotate in its plane around said curved rod (11).
FR1102474A 2011-08-08 2011-08-08 Device for learning golf movement i.e. swing movement, to play golf, has torso bar including end connected to first bracket, and another end connected to second bracket, where second bracket is connected to third bracket Withdrawn FR2978922A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1102474A FR2978922A1 (en) 2011-08-08 2011-08-08 Device for learning golf movement i.e. swing movement, to play golf, has torso bar including end connected to first bracket, and another end connected to second bracket, where second bracket is connected to third bracket

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1102474A FR2978922A1 (en) 2011-08-08 2011-08-08 Device for learning golf movement i.e. swing movement, to play golf, has torso bar including end connected to first bracket, and another end connected to second bracket, where second bracket is connected to third bracket

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2978922A1 true FR2978922A1 (en) 2013-02-15

Family

ID=44802128

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR1102474A Withdrawn FR2978922A1 (en) 2011-08-08 2011-08-08 Device for learning golf movement i.e. swing movement, to play golf, has torso bar including end connected to first bracket, and another end connected to second bracket, where second bracket is connected to third bracket

Country Status (1)

Country Link
FR (1) FR2978922A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180117435A1 (en) * 2016-10-31 2018-05-03 Roy Torres Bunting universal trainer

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3415524A (en) * 1965-01-28 1968-12-10 Robert M. Vickers Golf swing training apparatus
US5096199A (en) * 1991-08-20 1992-03-17 Wyatt Jr Harry M Golf swing training device
US5658203A (en) * 1996-05-23 1997-08-19 Shub; Nelson H. Alignment device for sports
US20020183131A1 (en) * 2001-04-27 2002-12-05 Waddell Robert T. Method and product for improving a golfer's swing

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3415524A (en) * 1965-01-28 1968-12-10 Robert M. Vickers Golf swing training apparatus
US5096199A (en) * 1991-08-20 1992-03-17 Wyatt Jr Harry M Golf swing training device
US5658203A (en) * 1996-05-23 1997-08-19 Shub; Nelson H. Alignment device for sports
US20020183131A1 (en) * 2001-04-27 2002-12-05 Waddell Robert T. Method and product for improving a golfer's swing

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180117435A1 (en) * 2016-10-31 2018-05-03 Roy Torres Bunting universal trainer

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2332620B1 (en) A device for practicing tennis ball rebounds
US5865685A (en) Golf swing improvement device
US5413329A (en) Golf club alignment guide
US6001026A (en) Golf training device
FR2705904A3 (en) Tennis training device
US7547256B1 (en) Golf swing trainer
EP0050001B1 (en) A golf aid
US4919433A (en) Golf putting trainer
FR3077155A1 (en) DEVICE FOR PRESSING A SAXOPHONE
US5470055A (en) Baseball and golf hitter's training device
CN202161776U (en) Assist device for training of golf
JP2012520689A (en) Golf aids
US6533676B1 (en) Golf putting aid and brace member therefor
FR2978922A1 (en) Device for learning golf movement i.e. swing movement, to play golf, has torso bar including end connected to first bracket, and another end connected to second bracket, where second bracket is connected to third bracket
US8461438B2 (en) Harp stand and methods of use thereof
FR2612412A1 (en) DEVICE FOR CONNECTING SKIING POINTS
FR3121051A1 (en) Tennis serve training device and training method thereof
EP1334705A1 (en) Scapulo-humeral rehabilitation device
GB2602545A (en) Apparatus for golf swing coaching and training
KR200455635Y1 (en) Golf swing posture corrector
FR2741184A1 (en) SOUND TAKE POLE SUPPORT
EP1221332B1 (en) Apparatus for ankle rehabilitation
KR100490477B1 (en) Training supporter for golf swing
EP0143729A2 (en) Adjustable golf clubs for pushing the balls
KR100809991B1 (en) Golf swing posture corrector

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
ST Notification of lapse

Effective date: 20140430