FR2947521A1 - Cigar or oval shaped dirigible balloon, has water tank and fuel tank positioned with respect to longitudinal, vertical and side gravity centers of balloon, and measuring instruments positioned on balloon for measuring particle materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The balloon (100) has envelopes for containing gas i.e. helium, and zenith ejection jet engines (200) symmetrically positioned on both sides of a longitudinal center. An exhaust duct (226) is arranged in each jet engine. A water tank and a fuel tank are symmetrically positioned with respect to a longitudinal gravity center, a vertical gravity center and a side gravity center of the balloon. Measuring instruments i.e. material particle sensors (400), are strategically positioned on the balloon for measuring material particles.

Description

The present invention relates to an aerostat and methods for removing strata of material particles over dense urban areas during anticyclonic periods, barometric swamps and thermal inversions by ejecting said strata into the area. atmospheric free circulation. The different polluting particles resulting from human activities are light enough to remain in suspension in the atmosphere for long periods of time for thermal, physical, electrochemical, etc. reasons.

During periods of anticyclonic or barometric swamps, or of inversion of temperature at altitude, or for geographical reasons for belted cities, even partially, of hills or assemblages, the so-called atmospheric pollutions are assembled in strata after the twilight, remain stagnant and do not escape from urban areas by even very light winds of medium or high altitude. So they accumulate, focus day after day, until regional weather conditions change. But such a change can take one or even two weeks to intervene, in summer as in winter or spring; as is the case each year for cities like Tehran, Los Angeles, Paris, Mexico City, Beijing, Shanghai, Montreal, Cairo, and many more. The different kinds of pollutants in the air cause respiratory diseases tens of thousands in each city, and sometimes thousands of deaths, which may or may not be counted as direct victims of this pollution, especially for people elderly. But the cities that know the problem that we are dealing with continue to produce particles of pollution of all kinds, despite the efforts of the municipalities, improvements in the exhaust systems of car engines, filters of the cabins of the said cars. , filters of factories, those of buildings with conditioned air, those of disputes new heaters, etc. But there is a technological limit, a financial cost and an energy cost for each of these 5 improvements, and the future of megacities is still towards more air pollution and more equipment producing particulate pollutants for most of them, and the current level is already unacceptable: that one counts its price in human lives, in lost workdays, in diseases or in medical care, if a technical solution to the problem exists. The problem of suspended particles is aggravated by three effects which combine: 1 / The smaller the particle, the longer it remains suspended in the air and the more it is dangerous for the health of the lungs, the heart, arteries, and some other less strategic organs. Among other things, there is ample evidence that asthma attacks are often triggered by a very short exposure to particulate matter. 2 / Large particles, of 10 g for example, are less dangerous because they do not penetrate the most intimate areas of our organs; on the other hand, the organic particles of 2,5g, up to the ultra fine of 0.l are, the first ones penetrate the lungs and do damage there, and for hundreds of them, in few hours. 3 / While particles having an approximate size of 0.l reaches all organs, since they pass through the barriers of the lungs, such as cigarette smoke, they are so small that the current filters fail not to capture them. However, from a certain altitude, often around a thousand meters above the ground, sometimes more, the air volumes circulate, even during the stable weather conditions listed above, at speeds of 0.10 to 0.20 meters per second, at least, and if this flow, which is directional, as small as it was able to sweep the surfaces of cities, the problem would not arise, because in a day or two, all polluted volumes and prisoners would be largely evacuated.

5 But observation is not what happens. This very slight wind at altitude does not descend for reasons well known, and to which we can not change anything. Finally, after the gradual slowdown in atmospheric thermal convection, which begins even before the end of the day, the 10 layers of air and pollutants begin to aggregate at different altitudes to form relatively stable strata, often already well defined. hours after sunset, although densely close to the layers of air close to them. This stratification phenomenon is easily visible and has many reasons to be known. Also particles of matter of different natures aggregate in layers at different altitudes above the ground, according to their nature, often between one hundred or three or five hundred meters, sometimes seven hundred meters, more rarely one thousand meters, and even more rarely at above.

The said layers of pollutants are sufficiently concentrated to be easily visible to the naked eye, even when not in use, when they are observed in their horizontal axis. They are photographable and measurable. The layers of concentrations of pollutants are often a few tens of meters thick, rarely more than a hundred, often less than a dozen, and they will spend quietly at night and in the early morning, barely moving or not at all , to wait for the new vertical convection of the lower atmosphere due to the terrestrial warming of the new day, to disintegrate their strata and 30 to go back and forth vertically, irritating our lungs, our throats and our eyes, licking our skin at each of their vertical rotations, making sick of their stay in our bodies many people, first of all elderly people and children. The solution proposed by the present invention therefore consists in eliminating them by ejection in the atmospheric stream, which circulates above the lid which traps the polluted air of our cities, and for the duration of their stay in concentrated layers covering large areas of small thickness certainly, but sometimes comprising more than one layer: so it is not uncommon to be able, from a height, and without experience, to observe two or even, but more rarely, three of them . To get rid of it, one must first have the means to climb to their altitudes, to be able to stay there all the time necessary or available, often for nearly a dozen hours, to move to it. will: horizontally and vertically, nights and mornings, as long as the weather conditions have not changed, and finally, have the means to eject them. Aerostats technology was solved many generations ago before being almost abandoned for security reasons, except for local advertising campaigns in calm weather, or for flight records having no other purpose. than to beat a previous record, or walks. Everyone remembers the fire accident on the final approach from Hindenberg to Lakehurst in the United States, because it was caught by a squall of cumulonimbus before landing. This put an end to the era of travel airships, and with good reason: such a device can not brave the cumulonimbus. Note that the device in question was designed to cross the North Atlantic at 130 km / h speed, at a time when it 30 was still an adventure. But the aerostats can not be designed to cross the cumulonimbus, the other airliners are not either by the way, disasters being amply documented. However, such a catastrophe can not occur to our invention, which, by definition, takes off only in zero wind, or barometric swamp, so no cumulonimbus possible or thunderbolts. In addition, lightning does not represent a danger for aerostats since helium is an inert gas, while the Zeppelin of the Lakehurst disaster floated with hydrogen.

Aerostats are structurally safe and the likelihood of structural breakdown is almost impossible. In fact, the internal gas shells have an internal pressure which is not greater than 2% of that of their atmospheric environment. A pressure that very well protects the aerostats against possible terrorist attacks by firearms or missiles. This was perfectly demonstrated by the DERA (Agency for Defense Rating and Research Agency) on a Skyship 600. The aerostat was perforated with several hundred high-velocity bullets passing through its keel and was still maneuverable two hours later. .

Also, the present invention provides a steerable aerostat provided with at least two vertically ejected jet engines positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal center of the apparatus and beyond its envelope, each including its side air intake. . Reactors whose function is to eject the pollution layers to the heights of free flow of air currents, by piercing the atmospheric cover. To do this, the said aerostat has at least four lateral motors for moving and maintaining attitude, generally arranged in a cross with the elongate branches; propeller engines that provide the usual maneuvers as well as the ability to do the on-site; the so-called displacement propeller engines each having the ability to rotate 90 °, to be able to counter the thrust of pollution rejection reactors when necessary, which is usually the case. In order to be able to perform partial rotations about its vertical axis, the aerostat comprises at least two other vertical propeller motors, diametrically opposed, said propellers serving for its horizontal rotation during its azimuth changes; the motors of said propellers can be electric, both the power required for said rotational movement is low and the speed of execution of the maneuver 10 is not important. Another advantage that has led to the choice of the balloon is that its size is in no way limited by technological imperatives, because the aircraft is in aerodynamic balance with its environment. There are two patents, both of the same inventor, Mr. De Mendoza Sans, US Patent Nos. 4936198 and 5938526, both called urban air pollution drainage devices which each propose an earthly solution to the problem of suspended particle strata. The first asserts in claim 1: A system for reducing air pollution, the system comprising: a tower at least 200 meters high above the ground, said tower comprising a catch at least 200 meters from the ground, an air outlet more than 30 meters from the ground and a conduit formed between the entrance and the exit having a section of at least 25 square meters ... A propeller propels clean air 25 down through the duct ... The said tower can serve as living quarters or offices around the said duct.

 This proposal does not deserve special criticism from us, and a few years later, its inventor proposes a second patent: the number 5,938,526, which in its claim number 1, proposes to provide: A tower having a height greater than 100 meters relative to 2947521 -T- on the ground, fixed or movable, equipped with at least one air propeller, with said air propeller having vertical translational ability along the tower, or the tower having telescopic movement capability.

 The specific idea of this patent is to try to drain the pollution stratus horizontally at the altitude where it is located and to eject it much higher above the thermal inversion. This is achievable by using fast airflow systems, by propellers or jet engines, directly from the altitude of the polluted cloud, with the possibility of multiplying the number of rotors around the tower in order to obtain a vortex secondary school even more effective.

 This patent is the only one that claims the possibility of using a method similar to this publication in order to rid our cities of stratum pollution, by a mode of ejection of stratus particles of matter over the immobile atmospheric layer, but This patent includes many practical impossibilities, theoretical nonsense and calculation errors of impressive magnitude; the whole merits the following developments: 1 / The said concentrations of pollution in night clouds are between 100 and 500 meters from the ground, with 300 being a good average: 20 so it would be necessary towers of this height at least. 2 / Further the text of the patent claims that the pollution stratus can be drained horizontally almost completely by the use of one or more side air intakes. We oppose this claim; the stratification of an air mass comprising or not polluted particles is a very weak physical phenomenon of gravity or stratification, it does not involve agglomeration phenomenon, or chemical bonding and is negligible in electricity. We doubt very much that a lateral drainage solution can reach more than 200 or 300 meters effective horizontal distance from the air inlet, even for a very thick polluted stratus, which is very rare: for the particles of matter spread out fairly uniformly according to their density, according to Pascal's law; but the said tower would have required to have miles of attraction to be effective, an effect of attraction that it would have, according to its patent, but without explanation. 3 / These polluted layers are not celestial chewing gum, and the stratus of particles of average materials is only about fifty meters thick: its profile, its pressure gradient, in comparison with the under layer, or over layer, is almost zero.

Some layers are even less than 10 meters thick. It is very usual to observe clouds of fog on the ground, by calm nights at the bottom of valleys, said clouds being lower than our headlights of cars but floating above the ground. The said patent states: A single tower having a total drainage capacity of 50000 m3 / h (fifty thousand) and working eight hours a day is capable of permanently evacuating the total contamination produced by an urban area of 150 km. Barcelona size) in three hours. 4 / A problem of floating point has had to occur on the calculator: the 150 square kilometers of Barcelona have a pollution layer of only 1 meter thick, and that it is possible to suck them and them only, over distances of 5 and 7 kilometers (imagine long steel wires rather than particles of matter), it would take at least a hundred times longer; and if the layer is a patchwork, why would it systematically position itself in front of its tower, and on all sides, when there is no wind? 5 / And if there were several layers, as is often the case in a port city: the chemical dusts of fertilizers, large and small vehicles, coal heaters, barbecues, one or two thermal power plants , an international airport, and cigarettes smoked by tens of millions a day, every day and adding up? Finally, the patent proposed to provide a tower 100 meters high or more and having the ability to be mobile. NASA knows how to move rockets of this height, but on a special apparatus, and only because it must do so, and rarely, and always on the same circuits built for this purpose, and never in town, and always for very expensive, and with very trained staff, and very slowly, and never at the last moment. Patent No. 5,938,526 is not able to solve the problem, except to multiply by 20 the number of turns, and by 3 or 4 their height, with all the difficulties that this implies, technical, financial, security, aesthetic, location. The patent of Mr Bartholomew et al. US number: 5,147,429 (September 1992) announcement in its abstract; "An airborne clearing station has the following features: airborne cleaning station with an airship supporting a gigantically mounted externally mounted collector and an over-expanded receptacle comprising different kinds of contaminations cleansers contained therein.

 When reading the text and understanding the drawings, it is a particle sensor aerostat. From a gigantic particle filter, which would be able to move inside a polluted cloud, suck, then keep the products, then store them, and finally change the so-called gigantic filters in flight . It was also not clear from their text that the project was to capture polluted strata accumulated at night and in the early morning, but we bet that if their system worked somewhat, they would have done so. 2947521 -10- Critical 1 / We know that filters are not able to capture all the particles of the finest materials, in fact the most harmful. Critical 2 / How are vacuum cleaners available on a gigantic filter so that they have equivalent surface suction efficiency? Critical 3 / How many pumps are needed to provide a uniformly sized, or at least efficient, filter of gigantic size? The answers to these questions are neither given nor sketched.

10 The author was unable to find a photograph of the machine in operation, or on the ground, on the internet or elsewhere, while the patent is soon sixteen years old. Finally, apart from the fact that the said invention uses a dirigible airship, there is no other point of similarity between the patent of Mister Bartholomew et al. and this publication. The patent W / 0 636038, 21 Century Airship Technologies Inc., Canada, of 05 April 2007, titled: "Improved Airship and method of operation", "Improved aerostat and method of use." It recommends the use of three, then four successive envelopes 20 containing light gases, such as hydrogen or helium, claims to be able to perform acrobatic maneuvers and flights of very high altitude: 60000 feet and over, but no information, or suggestions or claims for particles suspended in the atmosphere.

25 We have not found any other patents or photos of airships or other flying devices that deal with the ejection of strata of polluted particles at night or during the day. On the other hand, several land-based machine patents often claim to be able to capture particles by capturing them by electrical phenomena or filters on the ground. 2947521 -11- It is therefore the object of this publication to change this state of affairs by proposing a new and effective solution that is able to solve the problem of atmospheric pollution of large cities, during anticyclonic periods, barometric swamps or thermal inversion, providing a dirigible aerostat including means and methods specifically designed to eject the stratus of material particles vertically or nearly vertically above the atmospheric lid that traps the air of the city, where said stratus are found, when they are there, as soon as they are there, and as long as they are there. The present invention is a dirigible aerostat, having the shape of a cigar or an ovoid, and comprising a reinforced internal and external structure, designed and equipped to eject above the stable atmospheric layer, the particles of materials which accumulate in 15 strata during the first part of the night and remain thus until the middle of the morning generally, floating immobile or quasi immobile at a few hundred meters height above dense or industrial urban zones during anticyclonic periods , or barometric swamps, or thermal inversion.

The said dirigible aerostat comprises at least two jet engines positioned to direct their jet vertically, positioned symmetrically on either side of the longitudinal center and the aerodynamic center of the body of the balloon, and near or just below. the horizontal plane of its center of gravity in the vertical axis.

A cockpit is suspended attached to the structure, and below the center of the balloon. The aerostat includes, in addition, four variable pitch and thrust reversing propeller engines for traction, altitude change and counter thrust of jet engines. The said motors are symmetrically positioned in an elongated cross, on either side of the vertical axis passing through the geometric center of the apparatus. The four traction motors are integral with the aerostat structure and are positioned offshore thereon on suitable structures. Each propeller and its appendices have the means to move from the vertical to the horizontal stage. As the aerostat becomes lighter from its fuel, this counter-thrust maneuver will be less important, then negligible, and the said engines will serve primarily as a trimmer. The invention having this ability to make the place in a polluted cloud, gives its ejection engines the ability to spawn a continuous and uninterrupted ejection stack above the stable layer, and thus empty a large or a thick pie-shaped volume of the polluted cloud and this without breaking its ejection pipe, which is of essential importance for its optimal performance; and this before the balloon performs a quarter or a sixth of a horizontal turn, to continue emptying the volume concerned, or to eject another polluted volume further in the same cloud or in another. In order to be able to perform partial rotations around its central vertical axis, the aerostat has two vertical propeller motors, positioned symmetrically and diametrically opposed to each other anywhere along the horizontal plane of the center. of gravity of the aerostat, which propellers work in opposing thrust one of the other, and whose motors of said propellers can be electric, as the power required for said rotational movement is low. The cabin comprises four control stations for at least: one for the pilot, one for the co-pilot, one for the master of the loads, and a 2947521 for the navigator who chooses the targets and plans the work. A set of bars and cables hold each of the reactors and propeller motors in place by appropriate rings placed around said bodies of the engines or engines.

Reverse-working jet engines: This particular design of their use on aircraft of any type is a novelty which is an essential part of the invention, as well as the way of counteracting the resulting force. of their function, using counter-thrust motors which are also the means of movement of the aerostat in general. The longitudinal axis of each of the jet ejection nozzles comprises a few degrees of inclination towards the central vertical axis of the aerostat. The rotors of the ejection reactors rotate in opposite directions to one another. In the preferred embodiment, each of the air intakes of each ejector reactor comprises a pipe whose inlet section is parallel to the longitudinal vertical plane of the aerostat. They give rise to two important innovations, namely: - on the one hand, to provide an angle such that the reactors absorb the mass of polluted air as far as possible off the aerostat, before rejecting it vertically and; on the other hand, to divert a fraction of the vertical thrust of the ejector reactors which is exerted downwards by reaction, by transforming it into lateral compression, due to the pressure drop provided by the air flows. The aerostat is equally effective in cleaning up a city following a terrorist attack on chemical, bacteriological or nuclear weapons, with the difference that the crew must have the necessary survival equipment on board permanently, since such an event may also occur while the aircraft is already in flight, and that every minute lost may represent a significant number of additional casualties. Logic makes it possible to envisage that if such an attack were to take place, it would be perpetrated during a period of high pressure over a megalopolis but also during a period of calm meteorology (eg the attack on the Tokyo metro at Saline gas). Finally, either the cockpit includes a pollution filter for the crew, or the crew must use gas masks during their normal work; as he spends most of his time inside stratus concentrating the city's pollution. The ejection jet engines are positioned under the equatorial line of the aerostat. The fuel reserves of the engine and reactor disputes are placed in a plurality of tanks, which tanks are positioned relative to the centers of gravity of the aerostat in the three axes. The fuel tanks include means for being emptied in flight. The water ballast tanks are on two levels on either side of the vertical center of gravity of the apparatus and include pumps to compensate for fuel expenses on said center of gravity. The constituent materials of the aerostat take into account the latest innovations in the field, composite materials where possible, and more conventional sleepers, in particular aluminum, where it is less so. All the interior volumes of the aerostat comprise a plurality of envelopes filled with a gas lighter than air, in particular helium, and each of these envelopes has filling or degassing means from the cockpit. . The aerostat comprises an outer envelope in two colors: albedo high up and laterally and the reverse on the lower part. The fuel reserves required for all engines must include sufficient fuel for uninterrupted operation of nearly 12 hours. The four traction and counter-thrust engines each include a elevator and a tailplane. The aerostat comprises its own elevators and a rudder at the rear, the controls of which are independent of those of the control surfaces of the traction and counter-thrust engines, as are each other. The aerostat of the present invention further comprises a plurality of material particle sensors each coupled to precision thermometers (at 1/100 ° C) and precision anemometers. Eight particle concentration and material density analysis systems are arranged symmetrically with the front and as many rear edges of the aerostat, and one system is placed at the center of its nose, and one at the center of the nose. tail.

The electronic systems for sorting the information to be exploited in priority, and: The air inlets of the reactors each comprise, in opposite and vertical position, all the sensors and sensors. 25 - The upper and central part of the aerostat comprises, vertically ejector reactors, a nylon cable reel, which ends with a simple helium balloon that carries all of said sensors, is an identical equipment installed under the aerostat and operates by gravity. Other specialized devices, such as radars, lidar, etc., give information on concentrations further away, or at other altitudes. Finally the inventor proposes an aquatic aerostat with the same advantages.

From the moment when the aerostat comprises a minimum aerodynamic profile, a starboard port symmetry and the means to be controlled in three dimensions with precision, and if it has vertical or quasi-vertical air ejectors, jet preferably, traction and counter-push motors of said reactors and rotation motors 10 in the horizontal plane, so the possibility of remaining stable, horizontal and in the same place, it is already able to perform its work well. The aerostat includes several types of lighting in several directions. The cabin of the aerostat comprises a landing gear having at least four wheels wide and spaced apart, the structure of the aerostat four other wheels, judiciously positioned in a rectangle for a fair distribution of loads, which wheels can include a system of retreat, without the need for the train to return. The invention will now be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, with reference to the following illustrative drawings, so that it may be more fully understood. Referring now to the figures in detail, emphasis is placed on the fact that the details shown are exemplary and for the purpose of illustrative discussion of the preferred embodiments only, and are presented below. in order to provide what appears to be the most useful and easy-to-understand description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. In view of this, no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for a basic understanding of the invention; the description in parallel with the drawings making it clear to those skilled in the art concerned how the various forms of the invention can be realized in practice. Definition: The median center of gravity of the device in the vertical axis. When this term is used, median means that the balloon consumed half of its useful fuel planned for the mission. Figure 1/8 shows a side view of the dirigible airship with the preferred location of zenith jet engines, as well as the preferred location of the four displacement and counter-thrust engines, and the two propellers positioned on opposite sides of the apparatus and allowing the rotation of said apparatus about its vertical axis, said propellers having their blades in opposition; and the location of measurement instrument disputes and their systems of implementation, as well as the internal arrangement of water ballasts.

Fig. 2/8 shows an outer front view of the airship. Figure 3/8 shows a side view of one of the zenith jet engines. Figure 4/8 shows a longitudinal view of the aerostat with its three axes, with A1 defining the longitudinal center of gravity of the aerostat, A2 defining the vertical center of gravity of the aerostat and A3 defining the center of gravity. side of the aerostat. FIG. 5/8 shows a sectional view of the atmosphere of a city, overhung by a thermal inversion cover, or during an anticyclonic or barometric swamp period, and Paerostat which has already begun its ejection work. vertical. Figure 6/8 shows a longitudinal view of the same aerostat in a mixed, aquatic and terrestrial version. Figure 7/8 shows a side sectional view of the mixed aquatic model with land capacity. Figure 8/8 shows a side view of reinforcement of the aerostat structure. Figure 1 shows a side view of the present invention. It is a 100 airship, designed and equipped to remove air pollution layers, which accumulate in layers after dusk and remain until early or mid-morning; the said aerostat operating by means of jet engines, 200, positioned to direct their jets upwards by rotating them together in a riser or vortex, in order to better preserve their inertia, and to have a friction surface. diminished with the stable layers of atmosphere which they spread apart first, then keep away by their inertia. The two ejection engines, 200, are positioned symmetrically on either side of the center of the aerostat body, (FIG. 2) and perpendicular to its longitudinal center of gravity, and almost parallel to the vertical axis which passes by the center of the apparatus, to a few degrees, so that the ejections of the exhausts meet and whirl together together in vortices, when they meet above said aerostat, which case requires at least one ejection nozzle to internal helical fins, which will be described later.

The so-called zenithal or quasi-zenith jet engines 200 are positioned lower than the equatorial line of the aerostat in order to make it easier to maintain a very precise and perfectly balanced steering of the aerostat-jet engine assembly. ejection and other motors in all the axes concerned, providing a better parallelogram of 25 levitation to the device in the vertical axis A2, parallelogram very useful when said reactors work not only at full capacity, but with the aerostat in a horizontal and stationary position, which is the most efficient mode of operation. When an aerostat comprises four ejection engines, these last 30 are diametrically opposed to each other, in the form of X to elongated branches, and respecting the same symmetry requirements of the axes described above, in order to be able to conserve all balances very precisely. A cockpit 300 is positioned suspended below the said aerostat. The said cockpit has all the equipment necessary for aerial navigation at night and instrument flight, and the equipment specific to its control positions for the pilot, the co-pilot, the master and the navigator. The latter chooses the targets and plans the most effective navigation and attack pathways to achieve it, the altitudes to reach or keep etc. The aerostat comprises an internal reinforced structure, or skeleton 110, relative to the other dirigible airships (FIGS. 1 and 8), as well as an external framework 250 (FIG. 2), made up of a plurality of longitudinal members 15 and sleepers made of composite materials or aluminum, in order to give the assembly the necessary rigidity and strength, given that the object of the invention is designed to withstand very different loads, pressures and counter pressures and much more demanding than those of dirigible aerostats for the purpose of advertising or touring. To do this, the parts of the longitudinal skeleton that undergo said weights and pressures (motors + thrust) are curved 111 comprising a concave angle perpendicular to said pressure, and the feet of the supports being anchored to the longitudinal members of the aerostat. The volumes of gases lighter than air, such as helium, are stored in a plurality of envelopes 120, single or multiple envelopes in Russian dolls, and each of them comprises a means of filling as well as degassing. 'a significant part of its contents, and this by commands, from the cockpit. For reasons of safety, the jet engines 200 of the apparatus are positioned off the aerostat, in order to be able, each, to eject its jet of polluted and burning air, without risking heating. the outer casing of the apparatus, which at the locations closest to the reactors, or its long nozzles, is designed to withstand higher temperatures.

5 A set of bars, cables and anti-vibration systems, 250 maintain each of said reactors, and their ejection nozzles (Figures 2 and 3). Each ejection motor is held by at least two rings 215, around its hood (FIG. 3), which rings are held in place by blocking rails 216, as well as for the ejection nozzles. The bars and cables 250 are integral with the entire internal structure 110 of the aerostat, in order to share the workload that each of the rings must support; also their fastening systems 250, will be, depending on whether one works in compression, bars; or in stretching, cables. The design of the aerostat structure must be able to support the weight of the two jet engines 200, their fuel tanks 240; and in addition, the thrust that said jet engines exert on the structure of the aerostat downwardly and inwardly of said structure during operation, especially when said ejection thrust is provided at full power . This design is new in the technology of flying machines: reactors, 200, which in fact, propel a large aeronautical engine directly to the ground, constitute an essential part of the invention, since it is this design which allows to eject layers of pollution out of the prisoner atmosphere of cities. Also, virtually all the other systems of the present invention are first designed to allow this ejection action of polluted stratus to be done with power, stability, accuracy and duration, safety on board, safety to other aircraft, like on the ground. In the essential embodiment of the invention, the ejection reaction engines 200 are identical and are positioned symmetrically with respect to one another, or relative to each other; and their respective intakes 220, are also symmetrical, binocular and diametrically opposed to each other and vertical end 222. An aerostat which has four ejection engines would have an opening angle of the outlets. air which is not necessarily 90 ° between them, but may vary depending on the nature and the concentration of the work to be performed. However, a lateral and longitudinal symmetry in this case remains essential, if only to avoid the slightest oscillation, or movement of precession of the device, a movement that would destabilize the ejection column and thus reduce its performance.

Regardless of the number of reactors, there arises a set of technical balancing requirements, piloting and lift techniques in place and attitude correction, in order to allow the aircraft to continue feeding the aircraft. polluted air columns that its reactors have already spotted in the stable atmospheric layer that is above the pollution stratus and under the cover of the atmospheric free circulation zones and that it is important to maintain integrity while doing so. can. The main need is to compensate for the thrust to the ground of the jet engines 200, so that the aircraft maintains its chosen altitude during all its maneuvers, especially when it is still well loaded with fuels. To do this, the apparatus comprises four motors 333, arranged in X with elongate branches, disposed on either side of the theoretical vertical axis which passes through the geometric center of the apparatus, A2 (FIG. said engines and their propellers 3347521 334 being positioned, preferably, just below the horizontal plane of the vertical median center of gravity of the apparatus. The four motors 333, said traction and counter-thrust, have rotational capacity around their longitudinal plane of at least 90 °, in order to position their propellers 334, horizontally and above their engines. The so-called 333 engines are used both for the normal propulsion of the apparatus and to allow it to remain stationary and at the same altitude when the ejector reactors provide their powerful vertical air jets. Also, the engines 333 are able to provide, together, a counter thrust of several tons, vertically downwards; which constitutes another essential innovation of the present invention. In fact, each of the four 333 engines has this freedom of rotation of at least 90 ° to the vertical, which allows the apparatus not only to go on site while its vertical ejection reactors are operating at full capacity. the plan, which is essential, but also to correct his flight attitude, as to move back a little if he must do so to keep his ejector chimney integral, so that it does not lose its power acquired, when the Thermal inversion is well above the aerostat. In the preferred embodiment, the traction and counter-thrust motors are propeller and variable pitch motors. The advantages of propellers are that they propel their air to a distance less than reactors would do, which is of great importance, given that it is on the one hand polluted air that they evacuate down, and that it is useless to eject too far, and finally not to propel hot air along the hull during movement maneuvers. In addition, the plane of the propeller blades of said engines comprise an angle greater than 90 ° to their central hub in order to further and more rapidly eject the ejected flow, and thereby push it back to a distance 2947521 - 23 - lower, without losing reactive power significantly. In addition, said blades may be longer than the usual blades, which further slows the flow for the same thrust power. Finally these propeller engines are provided with a rear wing 151, and a lifter 161, both useful as compensators, including a stop position and all positions. In the event that the ejector apparatus does not have its side motors 333, as described above, for various reasons of cost savings and weight relief, the balloon would be extremely difficult to maintain stationary and at the same altitude. and it would require a multiplicity of lateral controls that would then force him to move in order to compensate for the downward thrust; therefore, even if it is conceivable to provide an apparatus not provided with counter-thrust motors and to be able to move it by means of air intakes of the ejector reactors each comprising a means of horizontal rotation; the depollution result would be much lower than that proposed; also, such a proposal would not constitute a new invention. The engines 333 and propellers 334, at the front of the aerostat rotate in opposite directions to one another, and those at the rear also rotate in the opposite direction from each other, and the engines located on the same side of the balloon rotating in the same direction. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the rotors of the jet ejectors 200 rotate in opposite directions to each other, or to each other, so as not to provide a torque which would rotate the vehicle on the spot inappropriately, as they are positioned horizontally or close to the horizontal. Another solution, which would have been to position the rotors of jet engines vertically and to make an angle of 90 ° upwards to their exhaust nozzles, is less efficient. Because it would tilt the aircraft in its longitudinal axis, which would have required even more attitude corrections and asymmetry of the aerostat structure, feasible but useless; to propose such a solution would not constitute a new invention. In the preferred embodiment, each of the air intakes 222 of each of the inlet chambers 220 to the ejection reactors 200 is vertical (FIG. 3), and parallel to the longitudinal plane of the apparatus when the latter includes two ejection engines, and opposed to each other. The arrival chambers 220 may comprise different shapes, in part depending on the types of pollution or the topography of the city; they may have a tube shape comprising a 90 ° elbow, and their air intake 222 with a surface greater than the air inlet of the rotors of the reactors by at least 25%. In the preferred embodiment, whatever the shapes of said chambers 220, they are twin and opposite.

In another preferred embodiment, said air intakes may have a half-oval shape, or a shape of conch or truncated cone. The object, each time, will be to provide an ideal air intake depending on the cloud of pollution to be treated and the size of the city: such as a city surrounded by mountains or not, in order to have the most efficiency possible over longer distances or a greater thickness of clouds. In yet another embodiment, and in order to provide an architectural design which alleviates the stresses to the aerostat structure and the total weight of the structure, and for reasons of safety in flight, the reactors 200 are servo-controlled. to provide, each one, the power of the one who delivers the weakest power at any moment, and this, whatever the reasons. Having been able to divert part of the vertical thrust of the reactors downward by compressing it on bars 223 and 223 (FIG. 2) gives the invention a certain advantage obtained thanks to the pressure drop of the reactor air intakes, a pressure loss which, in technology, is a negative factor, and which in this case proves to be positive for the whole of the invention.

5 Since most of the aerostat's actual work is in a stationary position, the aerostat must be able to perform partial rotations around its vertical axis as soon as it reaches the efficiency limit of a drainage. lateral. In order to be able to perform these rotations without compromising the quality and integrity of its vertical ejection stack, which must remain uninterrupted on pain of loss of time and fuel, the aerostat has at least two propeller engines. vertical, 366, (FIG. 1, 2), positioned symmetrically and diametrically opposite one another relative to the vertical axis A2 (FIG. 4), and positioned along the horizontal plane of the center of gravity median the aerostat; the said propellers work in opposition to one another. Said motors may be electric, as the power required for the rotational movement of the aerostat around its vertical axis is small, despite the volume and the total weight, since the angular velocity is of little importance; while the preservation of the fixed and horizontal plane of the aircraft is preferred. However, the said propellers are arranged so as not to interfere or be under the influence of the other engines of the aerostat: such as one to ten meters from the starboard bow and the other to a dozen meters on the port side, or vice versa; or both, if the apparatus has four said vertical fixed azimuth rotation propellers of the aerostat about its vertical axis A2. In the case where said vertical propellers 366 were positioned, one at the front and the other at the rear of the aerostat and their plane was perpendicular to the aerostatic route, they would be more efficient than anything else. other location; also, and despite the fact that the aesthetic aspect of the invention would be somewhat altered, this solution remains a possibility especially as it leaves the possibility of rotating the rotors of jet engines 200 in the same sense, which is more favorable to the creation of a common vortex. Finally, the aerostat may comprise four of these so-called 366 engines. In order to be able to turn the ejection reactors in opposite directions while creating a reactive jet of each of the said reactors which rotates in the same direction. one way or the other, which allows precise control of the apparatus and a good vortex, the inner surfaces of one of the nozzles 226 226 comprise a helical longitudinal groove 227. A hollow-core Archimedean screw, positioned in the opposite direction to the rotation of its own rotor in order to give the jet of reactors the rotation pulse in the same direction. Thus the two ejected columns do not waste part of their kinetic energy. This requires a power correction of the other reactor, or compensators, and an energy cost which is more cost effective than having two independent chimneys, and this by the creation of a common vortex. This advantage makes it possible to obtain a reduction in the total friction surfaces between a single and assembled riser rather than two independent ones and whose friction surface ratio is clearly more unfavorable. In another embodiment of the invention, the vertical jet engines may have their rotors which both rotate in the same direction, and therefore have their ejector nozzles smooth or without special internal layout, and this to the condition that the azimuth rotation propellers compensate for the torque produced by the rotors and the thrust of said ejection engines, and therefore operate continuously and in the same direction to constantly correct said torque. Also to propose such an achievement would not constitute a new invention. In yet another embodiment each of the ejection nozzles 30 may provide a jet independent of the other, including with its nozzles 226, having an external or an open angle of a few degrees with respect to the aerostat. It is useful to specify that ejection reactors should not systematically provide a high power, as the nozzle ejection velocity 226 will depend first of all on the height of the moving atmospheric layer to be reached. And the fact of already heating the air molecules and the particles of materials during the combustion of the fuels in the reactors, in fact to burn them, confers on them an upward movement which persists, since the molecules of air do not exist. do not exchange their temperature, and the combustion residues of the particles are very light. Also propose an aerostat that would only heat or burn the air surrounding it by differing side plate systems, even gigantic, heated with gas or by other means, including solar in the morning, but without ejecting it with This would not be a new invention, even if such an aircraft is simpler to build, and less expensive to operate and maintain, and would obtain some result if the inversion layer is not too high and that it is content to raise the particles of matter from its stratus into the zone of turbulence that exists under the cover.

However, its yield could not hope to reach one tenth of that of the invention. The air inlets 222 ejection engines can have different shapes, and in some cases work to perform, they can be removable or steerable. The apparatus of the present invention may have to clean large volumes of air, due to a technological accident around a city, creating a harmful and heavy cloud, if the winds are not present, or sufficient. The present invention is able to solve the problem as quickly and completely as possible. Indeed, by positioning itself above the contaminated zone and by ejecting the pollutants vertically, what the apparatus of the present invention does better and faster than the firemen, who themselves, capture the pollutants in their droplets of water and bring them back to the ground, which can be quite inefficient. Evacuating the air from above a city that has suffered a terrorist attack with weapons of mass destruction is just as accessible to the balloon at all times, especially if survival equipment is already on board, because every earned minute can represent a significant number of fewer victims. The fuel reserves 240 (FIG. 1) of the reactors or the propeller engines are positioned in several identically shaped reservoirs when placed symmetrically and balanced throughout the aerostat, at its ends in particular, in order to have levers effective and maintain another control over the longitudinal, lateral and vertical centers of gravity.

In addition, the location of said fuel tanks 240 corresponds best to the plane of the center of gravity of the vertical axis A2 of the aerostat when it is already in operation for 4 to 6 hours. Finally, said fuel tanks have a shape whose largest diagonal of the internal base surface of each of them is greater than its height at full capacity by a factor of at least 4/1, so that the center vertical gravity of the aerostat does not change too rapidly, requiring an increased number of attitude corrections by the means provided for this purpose such as the following. Tanks and water ballasts 230 are arranged symmetrically along the aerostat centers of gravity A1 and A3, and below and above the median vertical center of gravity A2 (FIG. 4), in order to compensate for changes due to fuel consumption. Thus the water tanks will serve for fine balancing purposes of the centers of gravity, longitudinal Al, vertical A2, and lateral A3 (Figure 4). This balancing is effected first by the displacement of the water volumes according to the needs, and this by appropriate pumps along the conduits 231. This plurality of water tanks, part of which is located more in height than the plane of the horizontal center of gravity of Al (figure 4), is planned not to be full of water. Indeed, as the quantity of fuel is consumed by the aerostat, thereby lowering its center of gravity A2, water is pumped to the upper reservoirs, in order to be able to permanently correct these variations. inevitable. In one embodiment in which the fuel tanks are disposed below the plane of the vertical center of gravity of the balloon, the management of the water ballasts 230, in use, is reversed. The choice of materials for manufacturing lightweight gas sheaths 120, such as outer shells 130 and 131, takes into account the latest innovations, as well as the use of composite materials for the structure of the apparatus. In another embodiment, the aerostat may comprise an outer front and a rear envelope, in order to reduce the distance separating the said reactors and / or the distance from each of them to the aerostat, leaving the center of the skeleton the aerostat visible from the outside 20 (Figure 8). In order to make the apparatus less noisy and to increase its performance, the nozzles of the ejection reactors 226 are longer than those of the usual reactors and each comprise a metal double jacket, the outer one 228 being longer than the nozzle 25 inside. (Figures 2 and 3). The nozzles of the said ejector engines have a smaller section than the type of reactor they use, so that their jet is better concentrated and has an ejection efficiency over a greater height.

Finally, the 333 thrust and displacement motor exhaust systems are reinforced by larger and more complex silencer systems than those of these types of engines, in order to reduce their noise level as much as possible. , including at the cost of a loss of power, and the outlets of the exhaust pipes 5 include an orientation at a right angle or more, first to reduce the noise of the escapements by their orientation in the working position. In another embodiment and especially for high-altitude cities, the engines for the 334 propellers are turbo-charged.

The periphery of each propeller 334 and 366 may comprise a protective ring to protect the outer casing and the inner casings of the aerostat against helical rupture or over-icing conditions, partial or even complete rings, (unsigned rings). The aerostat comprises an outer casing in two colors: 130, for the upper part of the machine and flanks up to the mid-height of the reactors being light in color, or shiny, reflecting the sun's rays; and 131 for the ventral and lateral low part of the envelope which is dark in color in order to capture residual terrestrial radiation, in particular infrared; the two colors or types of coating intended to improve the total volume of gases lighter than air, at night as in the morning, both being useful and necessary: thus the heat capture during the first hours of the night when the aircraft is still heavy in fuel, such as the rejection of solar radiation in the morning when the aircraft has lightened, and that the problem is the opposite. One of the problems that had to be solved was the fuel consumption of the engines, such as the traction and counter-thrust engines, depending on the flight parameters, as the fuel consumption lightened the aerostat faster than the 30 losses. helium for example. The aim being not to have to waste valuable gas so as not to end up at an unintended altitude by lightening effect; thus the preferred embodiment being counter-thrust side motors, 333, which, as soon as the lightening becomes noticeable, provide less thrust; and to attend the landing maneuver, use their inversion blades. In the event that one of these propellers malfunctions the descent procedure will be assisted by the vertical ejection reactors, and only if one of them also has a problem at the same time as the pilot will degas of helium. The fuel reserves required for the said reactors must include enough fuel for operation of nearly 12 hours, however without the said reactors and propeller engines having to operate at maximum efficiency allowed all the time: sometimes the apparatus changes altitude to reach another stratum of pollution, or crosses a zone which is deprived of it, and they are then positioned in slow motion. In addition, when the aerostat has been lightened after several hours of flight, the counter-thrust engines 333 serve primarily to accurately position the aerostat rather than the counter-thrust, one of the other advantages of the invention. The location chosen for the reactors 200, on either side of the central vertical axis of the aerostat, their axial symmetry, their rotors in reverse rotation, the synchronization of said reactors on the weakest to be them, allow maneuvers essential for safety and significant savings in the volumes of rare and light gases. According to the preferred embodiment, the ejectors 200 of the aerostat comprise an angle of 2 ° to 4 °, (FIG. 3) oriented towards the central vertical axis of the aerostat, so that the jets ejected by the reactors meet at high altitude, spawn and maintain a common whirling chimney in the surrounding calm air en route to the upper layers of atmospheric free circulation. This is one of the reasons that the ejector reactors are placed off the flanks of the balloon. The aerostat comprises, at the rear, elevators 150, 5 and a spreader 160, which work together with the control surfaces of the traction motors; but the so-called control surfaces of depth 151, and the spreaders 161; the latter being symmetrically arranged relative to their helix 334, have the ability to be fixed in all positions and are all independent of each other.

The pilot and the co-pilot operate simultaneously and in concert all the engines and their control surfaces. The aerostat of the present invention has a plurality of material particle sensors, 400, each of the sensors being coupled to precision thermometers at 1/100 ° C, and to very accurate anemometers. Thus the aerostat comprises, (FIG. 1): eight pollution sensors and thermal probes 400, arranged symmetrically on the front part of the aerostat, and; one in the center of his nose, and; 20 - eight same measuring devices on the rear part, at the same places as those of the front part, and one at the center of the tail, and; the inputs of the air intakes 222, the ejection reactors each comprise all the sensors and sensors of the 400 series, (except the air speed indicators), in the opposite position, one at the top and the other at the bottom of said air intakes, and whose data are transmitted continuously to the browser, which knows, at the second and precisely the effect of the reactors on the stratus being processed and the 30 changes which intervene on said stratus, and it can correct the trajectory of the balloon as soon as it has a better ejection solution. The top of the aerostat comprises a motorized coil 410 positioned between the ejection reactors and comprising a nylon cable 415, which comprises at its end a helium balloon 420 which carries all the sensors 400 described above. . Similarly, an equivalent system is installed under the aerostat and it works, it by gravity with a weight 430, a rubber ball of visible color and illuminated at night.

The navigator constantly monitors the reading of the data, and varies the altitude of upstream or downstream sensors at will, in order to know the pollution conditions at the different altitudes above and below the aerostat. All this information is transmitted to a central computer which analyzes it in real time and provides a set of synoptic maps of the concentrations of particles of matter around the apparatus, and of the evolution of said concentrations as a function of working time and of the result. Other devices, such as radars and lidars, provide information on more distant concentrations, or at other altitudes. The aerostat 100 may be in the form of a cigar, or a longitudinal ovoid or a horizontal ovoid, etc. The aerostat may equally well comprise vertical flanks giving it a hexagon shape seen in section, which would ensure, if not an easier distribution of the loads of the reactors and their thrust, at least a lower manufacturing cost, but also a loss of useful volume. All these parameters are primarily a function of the type of depreciation expected. In the preferred aquatic and terrestrial embodiment of the invention, the aerostat 101 (FIGS. 6 and 7) comprises the pilot booth 301 suspended at the front of the apparatus and in a horizontal position 2947521 - 34 - , and sealed caissons 350, reinforced core, filled with helium too, provide a portion of the buoyancy of the invention. The rest is provided by the lower part of the apparatus, 132, which is made of composite materials or plastic. In addition, the apparatus 5 comprises a landing gear 351, such as horizontally pivoting wheels, wheels fixed under the hooves of the floats 350 at the front and at the rear and fixed wheels with the central floats. Land and park an aerostat including aquatic means and, for some cities at least, an advantage by the amount of aquatic surfaces they have and which hardly serve. Finally a hydro-balloon would be easier to install, because the accuracy is not of great importance, which comes into play, especially after a dozen hours of hard work, or when the same balloon is used to several cities, and some of them did not prepare a perfect landing An aerostat in the form of a flying saucer design, more expensive to manufacture and operate, more fragile and more unstable to the wind when it is on the ground, and a protective hangar would be more expensive to manufacture would not be a problem. new invention.

From the moment when the aerostat 100 or 101, comprises an aerodynamic profile, a port and starboard geometrical symmetry, and the means to be controlled in the three dimensions accurately, including hovering, and if it has vertical air ejectors, traction and counter-push motors of said vertical ejectors, and means of rotation about its vertical axis, it is already able to carry out its work of depollution polluted urban clouds. Finally, giving the aerostat a shape other than those proposed, would require overloading of weight for the structure, including if a shape was proposed, such as an ovoid shaped donut aerostat comprising a large internal ejection chimney , and which would be deemed more efficient, without regard to the difficulties of construction, solidity, security, price. Such a form would not constitute a new invention. No more than another form of aerostat than that of the drawings, or engines in greater numbers, or a reversal of space between the ejection engines and those of ejection ejection and displacement would not constitute a new invention. In another embodiment, the balloon may comprise a front outer shell and a rear outer shell 133, in order to be able to reduce the distance between said reactors and / or the distance from each to the balloon, leaving the center of the balloon. skeleton of the aerostat visible from the outside (Figure 8). In yet another embodiment, the vertical or near-vertical discharge reactors may be positioned above the median horizontal plane of the apparatus, provided that the weights of the equipment, the possible water conditions of the ballasts of water, the lever arms provided by the thrust and counter-thrust forces of all engines are in stable and controlled equilibrium. Also to propose a solution with jet engines which would be placed above the equatorial plane of the aerostat would not constitute a new invention. One of the advantages of a quad reactor on a bi reactor is that it makes it possible to better build a vertical vortex, which will allow a higher atmospheric lid pierce height, or less time to do so. The rest being disadvantages: weight first, size and power thereafter, fuel consumption finally, and free space to position the engines against thrust and displacement. The aerostat includes several types of lighting, in addition to those required by law: spotlights intended to be clearly seen by other aircraft in flight: pulsating lights, strobes and lasers, to prevent all the aircraft that might be in its path, helicopter, suburban aircraft, its presence and its type of maneuvers very slow and regularly stationary for long minutes.

A transponder is in operation permanently on board, and any flight includes a flight plan of which the terminal control airfields have a copy and follow the progression. Nevertheless, some final approach areas can not be processed at any time for the following reasons: 1 / Gene to current air navigation; the flight of the aerostat must at least be deferred at off-peak times, if the vertical zone is of interest, and; 2 / Danger for the aerostat itself to cross a frequent vortex zone formed by the passages of large fast carriers: a vortex 15 can break an aerostat, and some vortex have a life of a good twenty minutes. Also airport areas will be avoided as long as traffic remains. The aerostat comprises two landing gear comprising at least eight wheels, four of which, 340, are sub-spaced beneath the flight deck 300 in order to provide the aircraft with the necessary seating once it is on the ground. The other four landing gear are arranged in a quadrilateral rectangle below the apparatus and may include a folding mechanism, useful if the balloon is to share its working time between several cities, but not mandatory. Lateral reactors are used during landing in case of necessity, because of the lightening factor. But the first way will be to use the 334 propellers in pitch inversion.

30 The landing field of the aerostat may be located far enough from the city to be treated, provided that there are no mountain barriers to be crossed, unless the aerostat is means to climb high when still heavy in fuels. The said landing ground preferably has a circular shape in order to satisfy even very light winds, which may come from any direction, and the said lands must therefore have a sufficient diameter. The landing gear of the aerostat can be fixed, or folding. Its four traction motors are able to propel it at a speed considerably greater than that of its activity of a few km / h of speed. Since the aerostat has the aerodynamic shape, the solidity and the motive power allowing it to move at 100 Km / h for many hours, it is possible that cities that are experiencing the same problem, at the same time or not, organize themselves to share the working time of the same apparatus because pollution accumulates over several days, which leaves time. To name just a few examples: 1 / The megalopolises of the East Coast, or West of the United States, 2 / London, Paris, Lyon, Grenoble, Brussels, Hamburg, etc. 20 3 / Athens, Istanbul, Tel Aviv, Cairo, Alexandria. 4 / Lisbon, Seville, Madrid, Barcelona. 5 / Barcelona, Marseille, Genova, Rome. 6 / The cities around the Persian golf course. 7 / The cities of Japan. 25 8 / The megalopolises of China or the coast of Brazil. Critics will not fail to mention the political problems sometimes posed, and the author will answer that public health has priority. For example, in case Tel Aviv and Cairo have the same problem at the same time, the aerostat can work one night in a city, and then use the afternoon to move to the other. city, etc. In a flight of about ten hours of ejection, a substantial portion of a pollution layer can be removed from the atmosphere of a city. Cairo has more than thirty million lungs, some five million mopeds, all kinds of cooking, a million old cars and a thousand jet fighters in its control zone. which have become useless, without constituting our first choice of motorization ejection.

Figure 5 shows a sectional view of a city at night, including an atmospheric cover and two polluted stratus concentrating most of the pollution of the stagnant low atmospheric layer at usual altitudes, as well as the atmospheric cover which remains at above the city during the anticyclonic periods, 15 barometric swamps or thermal inversion, cover also at a usual altitude, and finally the aerostat 100, of the present invention which has already begun its ejection work. The method of under described use of the operating balloon does not replace the operating manual, however a brief summary may seem useful, as follows: When a pollution stratus is sufficiently thick, the balloon may remain motionless in its vertical center as the ejection operation is profitable: the browser has all the useful information on the near and near environment, to decide the best course of action. The flight or control of the aerostat of the present invention does not have any particular difference to other existing aerostats as long as it is not in working position. Let us take the case of a city at night, like Paris for example, surrounded by hills, the so-called hills being quite far from the center, and the said center comprising a cloud of pollution particles positioned within the walls and at 500 meters. meters of altitude and comprising an average of 50 meters thick; and the zone of the beginning of free movement of the air located at 1200 meters above the city: that is to say some 700 meters of difference in height between the top of the stratus of particles of matter and the zone of the beginning of free circulation. Scenario 1 / It reigns at the altitude of the cloud of pollution considered a wind of night 10 to 20 centimeters per second, it is better than nothing, but it is useless, because: during the whole period where there is no vertical convection 10, the said cloud will move only a few three or six kilometers, that is to say, it will remain above the city center to start a new day of vertical back and forth and accumulate again no more pollution particles the next day. Scenario 2 / Same topo, but total absence of wind under atmospheric cover. The result is identical, even for the aerostat moving with the said cloud of pollution without it being important for it to be stationary with respect to the ground or not, since in both cases the same particles surround it. And if he does not take care of it, they will be there and even more numerous the next night. At altitudes of the problem considered above, all the usual, the pilots of the aerostat have two choices: either to try to pierce the cover layer at 1200 meters while sailing in the polluted cloud, or to make the spot, to create his chimney ejection, maintain and force the lid. Just below the cover of this layer, there is a vertical vortex zone, which helps somewhat with the evacuation of the particles of pollution, if we push them there, but we will not take it into account in our example to concentrate on the general methodology of lateral suction, vertical ejection and atmospheric cover piercing. The second solution is the most efficient, also: - the pilot will position his aircraft at the top and inside the polluted cloud, wait until his anemometer and 5 variometer indicate speed and zero rate of change, will position his four engines against push in upright position, then; it will simultaneously supply power to its four counter-thrust engines and power to its ejector reactors, all rather slowly, correcting progressively the attitude of the apparatus by tweaking the parameters of use of each of the lateral engines so that the balloon remains at zero speed, in a horizontal position, without pitch, roll, oscillation, precession and as much as possible with minimal yaw movement, and it will increase the power of the ejector reactors slowly and up to 60-70% of their maximum power, according to manufacturers' data, while simultaneously increasing those of counter-thrust engines to maintain its constant altitude and invariable flight attitude. Maintaining the attitude of the aerostat stable and perfectly horizontal does not pose any particular problem to a pilot, in that the engines cross are far removed from the vertical central axis, which gives each of said engines a high degree of leverage; moreover, each of them has two planes, which are used as compensators rather than as governes. At the end of a minute at most, a good and experienced pilot managed to create balance in all the axes and to keep his apparatus steady, stationary and horizontal, and the vertical exhaust duct 2947521 -41- already the top of the lid that poisons the Parisians day and evening. However, its navigator indicates the data of the most interesting sensors, in particular that of the helium balloon which floats high above and indicates the value of pollution, temperature and speed of the rising chimney, making it possible to correct a defect of plate, if, and as soon as it is necessary. After a few minutes, the particle concentrations at the inlet of the reactors such as around the aerostat, as well as at the level of the upper helium balloon, diminish to the point of no longer being of interest, and the pilot decreases very slowly. and hardly the power level of its four counter-thrust engines so that the balloon sinks further into the polluted cloud and continues to drain it, while continuing to use the same rising chimney, having its inertia, and that its flow is almost only slowed down by the friction of its walls against the stable air which surrounds it, since the force of gravity hardly enters the equation: hot air + the particles of matter which it contains are hardly heavier than the air around them. When the aerostat has almost reached the base of the polluted stratus, 20 and the suction measurements of its air intakes indicate to it a fall in the number of particles of matter, the first part of the work of this carrot or camembert there has been accomplished. Depending on the shape of the cloud, most often the pilot will choose to rotate 90 ° around the vertical axis of his aircraft, slowly, using his fixed vertical propellers, (366: the only ones that can use a electric motorization), and while carefully monitoring its flight attitude in order to maintain the integrity of its ejection chimney, and it will restart the operation all the parameters remaining equal except the slow rise of the apparatus in the same carrot, 30 as soon as it is useful, this time draining the other horizontal axis of the polluted carrot 2947521 and using the same chimney already created. And if the altimetric center of the said cloud is richer in polluted matter, it will stay there all the time necessary. The other solution is to move away from a few hundred meters and do the reverse engine, to go up along another part of the cloud this time, closely watching the rectitude and integrity of his new chimney, which is one of the most important factors, with the concentration of the particles of the cloud surrounding the apparatus and the variations thereof in relation to all the measuring devices which the aerostat has, and for which the navigator is on board and takes care of reading all information from all sources permanently. In this the work of the pilot, the co-pilot, the navigator and the master of the loads is different from that of the other crews of the aeronautical machines in that the crew is occupied almost permanently, so that the result of their work is optimal. And until the cloud has been almost emptied of its substance, or the wind has risen, or the sun has sufficiently heated the ground and the residual polluted stratus dissolves (towards the city again), or that the aircraft has not enough fuel to continue, or that the crew is too tired after a good ten or a dozen hours of precision work. Note that with the passage of the hours, the aerostat is lightened, and the power of the engines of counterpoise becomes less important, resulting in a significant saving of fuel.

When we have to do with finer clouds, of the order of 10 to 20 meters thick or less, and the cover is not more than 300 to 400 meters above, the device can move forward. slowly while ejecting the polluted cloud above the lid, such as a steam locomotive, by monitoring the data to ensure a good result. If he does not obtain it, he makes the spot in the middle of the cloud, turning on it himself, then advancing a little, and when it is almost emptied, he moves away in the same cloud to continue. The type of ejection procedure in motionless position described in these last pages is the preferred mode of accomplishment for a city like Tehran which, surrounded by high mountains under prevailing winds and rolling hills, which favors the establishment of an atmospheric cover higher than usual, but the other for the fact that the stratus are thicker, richer, therefore more deadly, therefore more necessary to evacuate, and therefore more profitable for the present invention. The strategy is somewhat different for a city like Los Angeles, because of its size first, the sea effect then, and the descent of fresh mountain air at the end of the night, effects that change the cycle somewhat. time of day convection and the altitudes concerned, but without this being in contradiction with or even against the general methodology of aspiration, ejection and piercing of an atmospheric cover by an aeronautical means, in order to release a Large seaside town surrounded by mountains of its own pollution.

Claims (10)

1) A dirigible aerostat (100) in the shape of a cigar or ovoid, comprising a plurality of envelopes (120) containing a gas lighter than air, such as helium, an outer envelope, (130 and 131), an inner (110) and outer (250) reinforced support structure, horizontal (150) and vertical (160) rear control surfaces, at least one anchor cable unwinding means, a control cabin (300) equipped for instrument flight; said dirigible aerostat being essentially characterized in that it comprises: - two jet engines (200) positioned vertically and with zenithal or near-zenithal ejection; - said jet engines being positioned symmetrically on either side of the longitudinal center of the aerostat, and; said reactors each having a vertical or nearly vertical ejection nozzle (226) on an elongate and comprising a double metal casing (227) extended by a flared double chimney (228), and; - said reactors each comprising a side air intake (220), the inlet section (222) is vertical and parallel to the longitudinal plane of said aerostat, and; The center of gravity of said two reactors and their annexes being positioned at the longitudinal center of gravity (Al) of said aerostat, and; the center of gravity of said two reactors and their associated systems being positioned under the horizontal plane of the median center of gravity of the vertical axis (A2) of said aerostat, and; At least four engines (333) with variable pitch propellers and blade angle inversion (334), positioned in cross with the elongate branches, symmetrically with the vertical axis (A2) passing through the geometric center of the aerostat, and; Each of the four said propeller engines comprising means of rotation of at least 90 °, from a longitudinal thrust position to a vertical thrust, and; at least two other vertical propeller motors (366) positioned along the horizontal plane of the vertical center of gravity (A2) median of the aerostat and in longitudinal geometric opposition with each other, and; water tanks (230) and fuels (240) positioned symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal (Al), vertical (A2), and lateral (A3) centers of gravity of the aerostat, and the means for transferring liquids , and; a plurality of instruments for measuring particles of matter positioned strategically on said aerostat. 2) A dirigible aerostat according to claim 1, characterized in that its zenithal or near zenith jet engines (200) comprise: - a plurality of bars (225), holding belts (250) and anti vibration (215 and 216), and; a positioning perpendicular to the longitudinal center of the aerostat, and; - their gas ejection nozzles comprising at least two metal shells (226) and (227), and the outer casing (226) is the longest, and; a deflection of the said ejection reactors and / or their nozzle 25 of ejection of the vertical axis of each of them, of less than 5 °, in the direction of the vertical axis passing through the geometric center of the aerostat, and; - Twin air intake chambers (220), whose aperture section (222) each is vertical, opposite to each other, and parallel to each other. 2947521 -46- 3) A dirigible aerostat according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises at least four motors (333) propeller (334), longitudinal traction to the aerostat and counter thrust to zenithal ejection engines or almost zenith: 5 - each comprising means of rotation of at least 90 °, a thrust position towards the longitudinal axis (A1), a thrust towards the axis (A2), or vertical, and; - being integral with the structure (110) of the aerostat by a plurality of bars, holding belts and anti-vibration means, and; 10 - being positioned on either side of the apparatus, a pair at the front, a pair at the rear, symmetrically to the vertical axis A2 passing through the geometric center of the aerostat, and; - each comprising, in their rear part, elevators and a lifter both locked in all positions and individually controlled from the cockpit, and; the said propellers (334) at the front of the aerostat rotating in opposite directions to each other, and their propellers at the rear of the aerostat rotate in the opposite direction from each other, and their propellers located on the same edge of the aerostat rotating in the same direction, and; said four helices each comprising an angle inversion function to the blades of their variable pitch propellers, and; each of said propellers comprising a flaring angle of its blades equal to or greater than 90 ° with respect to its hub. 4) An aerostat characterized in that it comprises at least two jet engines with lateral air inlet and vertical or near vertical discharge nozzles, and; - at least four propeller engines or counter-thrust and displacement engines, and; the cumulative surface area of the section of its vertical or near-vertical ejection reactors, at their narrowest level, is at least a factor of two less than the cumulative surface area of its counter-thrust propellers , or ejection nozzles of its thrust reactors, and; the aerostat comprising at least two other vertical propeller motors (366) positioned along the horizontal plane of the vertical center of gravity (A2). 5) A steerable aerostat according to any of the above claims, characterized in that each of its vertical or near-vertical jet engines comprises a vent inlet whose opening section is vertical (222), and ; the opening surface of said air intake being at least equal to the surface of the air intake section of each of said reactors at its largest rotor, increased by a coefficient of at least minus 25%, and; The force vector generated by the pressure drop of each of the air chambers (220) being transmitted in horizontal compression, or almost horizontally to the structure of the aerostat or to the other air inlet by the means ( 223). 6) A dirigible balloon according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: - a plurality of water tanks (230) positioned symmetrically with respect to the axes A1, and A3, and; - Half of said tanks being positioned in the plane passing through the center of gravity A2 median vertical aerostat, and the other half of the tanks being positioned above said plane, and; each tank of the part under the said plane of the vertical center of gravity comprising another tank of a volume at least equal to its own, precisely positioned above it, longitudinally and laterally, and; 2947521 - 48 - - all the tanks being connected to each other by pipes with pumps, and; - said reservoirs comprising precise levels, and; the system comprising flow calculation means. 5 7) A dirigible balloon according to any one of the claims above characterized in that it comprises a plurality of measuring devices (400), each comprising: - a concentration meter of particles of suspended matter, a precision anemometer and a precision thermometer, in the following numbers and locations: - eight measuring apparatus positioned symmetrically on the outer front edges of the aerostat, and one ninth protruding from the nose of the apparatus, and; eight identical measuring devices positioned identically at the rear, and the ninth at the opposite, and; the eight so-called measuring devices positioned at the front being separated from those of the rear by a distance greater than sixty meters, and; a measuring apparatus comprising the same instruments positioned under a white helium balloon and comprising lighting, which balloon comprises a cable of nylon or a similar material having a length of at least 1000 meters and a electrically operated winder, with said winder positioned above the central vertical axis of the balloon (A2) and whose movements are controlled from the cockpit, and; - a measuring apparatus comprising the same instruments positioned under a nylon cable or similar material and comprising a weight, such as a rubber balloon with illumination, and a minimum of 1000 meters of cable length, and a 2947521 - 49- reel with electric control, said reel positioned under the lower part of the aerostat and being controlled by the cockpit, and; two apparatus for measuring the concentrations of particles of matter and precision thermometers, said instruments being positioned at the inlet of the intakes of each of said vertical ejection jet engines, one at the top of each of the said air intakes and the other at the bottom, and; a system for transmitting all the data collected, and at least one computer on board comprising a program for recording and analyzing in real time all the measurements collected. 8) A steerable aerostat according to any of the above claims, characterized in that the lower side portions of said aerostat comprise a plurality of sealed and independent boxes (350), filled with a light gas such as helium, and; the lower part of said aerostat being made of materials such as plastics or composite materials, all of which confers on the apparatus aquatic capabilities, and - the lower part of the hooves of said sealed boxes each comprising a landing gear train (351) and all wheels except the wheels positioned at the longitudinal center of the apparatus comprising the ability to pivot horizontally, and; the cockpit being positioned horizontally and under the front of the apparatus. 9) A dirigible airship essentially characterized by the fact that it comprises at least two jet engines with vertical or quasi-vertical ejection and with vertical air intake, and; at least four displacement and counter-thrust engines of the said 30 reactors, and - at least two azimuth rotation propeller engines positioned along the aerodynamic horizontal plane of the aerostat, and; a plurality of ballast water tanks. 10) A dirigible balloon according to claim 1 characterized in that the fuel tanks (240) are positioned symmetrically with respect to the plane of the axes of the centers of gravity concerned, (Al, and A3) of the aerostat, and; said fuel tanks have their mid-height centered along the horizontal plane of the median center of gravity of the vertical axis A2, and; - the said tanks having the capacity to contain sufficient fuel for at least a dozen hours of flight in normal consumption, plus the regulatory reserves of the instrument flight rules, and; - said reservoirs comprising pumps and pipes for transferring the fuels between them and continuously, in the longitudinal axis (Al) and in the lateral axis (A3) of said aerostat, and; said reservoirs comprising means for dropping their contents.