FR2925916A1 - Use of copolymer comprising alpha-olefin, preferably ethylene, vinyl ester, preferably vinyl acetate and alpha-beta unsaturated mono-carboxylic acid ester, as an additive for improving cold resistance and filterability of fuel - Google Patents
Use of copolymer comprising alpha-olefin, preferably ethylene, vinyl ester, preferably vinyl acetate and alpha-beta unsaturated mono-carboxylic acid ester, as an additive for improving cold resistance and filterability of fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2925916A1 FR2925916A1 FR0709168A FR0709168A FR2925916A1 FR 2925916 A1 FR2925916 A1 FR 2925916A1 FR 0709168 A FR0709168 A FR 0709168A FR 0709168 A FR0709168 A FR 0709168A FR 2925916 A1 FR2925916 A1 FR 2925916A1
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- Prior art keywords
- copolymer
- ppm
- alpha
- filterability
- additives
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 one alpha carboxylic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-ethylacrylate Chemical compound CCC(=C)C([O-])=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 101150035983 str1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- GVTLFGJNTIRUEG-ZHACJKMWSA-N (e)-n-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide Chemical class COC1=CC=CC(NC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GVTLFGJNTIRUEG-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO[N+]([O-])=O NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QISOBCMNUJQOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1h-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=1NN=CC=1Br QISOBCMNUJQOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- QTTMOCOWZLSYSV-QWAPEVOJSA-M equilin sodium sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4C3=CCC2=C1 QTTMOCOWZLSYSV-QWAPEVOJSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004018 waxing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007934 α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
TERPOLYMERE ETHYLENE/ACETATE DE VINYLE /ESTERS INSATURES COMME ADDITIF AMELIORANT LA TENUE A FROID DES HYDROCARBURES LIQUIDES COMME LES DISTILLATS MOYENS ET LES CARBURANTS OU COMBUSTIBLES Domaine technique. L'invention concerne l'utilisation de copolymères d'alpha-oléfine, d'ester vinylique et d'ester d'acide carboxylique alpha, beta insaturé comme additifs améliorant la tenue à froid de carburants et lubrifiants ainsi que les fuel-oils et les packages contenant ces copolymères. Art antérieur. A température réduite, les compositions d'hydrocarbures, notamment à base de type distillats moyens contenant des cires paraffiniques, tels que par exemple les carburants diesel et les fiouls pour chauffage présentent une diminution significative de leurs propriétés d'écoulement. 11 est bien connu que la cristallisation des paraffines est un facteur limitatif de l'utilisation des distillats moyens. Aussi, il est important de préparer des carburants diesel adaptés aux températures auxquelles ils seront utilisés dans les véhicules motorisés, c'est-à-dire au climat environnant. Généralement, une opérabilité à froid des carburants à -10 oc est suffisante dans de nombreux pays chauds ou tempérés. Mais dans des pays de climat froid, comme les pays scandinaves, le Canada et les pays d'Asie du Nord, on peut atteindre des températures d'utilisation des carburants bien inférieures à -20 °C. Il en est de même pour les fiouls domestiques stockés à l'extérieur des bâtiments (maisons , immeubles, ...). Cette adéquation de l'opérabilité à froid des carburants de type distillats moyen est importante, notamment au démarrage à froid des moteurs. Si les paraffines sont cristallisées au fond du réservoir, elles peuvent être entraînées au démarrage dans le circuit de carburant et colmater notamment les filtres et préfiltres disposés en amont des systèmes d'injection (pompe et injecteurs). De même pour le stockage des fiouls domestiques. les paraffines précipitent en fond de cuve et peuvent être entraînées et obstruer les conduites en amont de la pompe et du système d'alimentation de la chaudière (gicleur et filtre). II est évident que la présence de solides, tels que les cristaux de paraffines, empêche la circulation normale du distillat moyen. Pour améliorer leur circulation soit dans le moteur, soit vers les chaudières, plusieurs types d'additifs ont vu le jour. R Rr'. ri, 21- :2b dcrwa d,u Dans un premier temps, l'industrie pétrolière s'est attachée au développement des additifs dits fluidifiants à froid (en anglais cold flow improvers ou CFI) favorisant la dispersion des cristaux de paraffines et les empêchant ainsi de s'organiser en réseaux de grande taille, responsables de l'obstruction des pores de filtre. Ces additifs agissent essentiellement sur la température limite de filtrabilité (TLF) et le point d'écoulement, mais ne modifient pas le point de trouble. L'art antérieur a décrit de nombreux additifs CFI (voir par exemple US 3 038 479, US 3 627 838, US 3 790 359, US 3 961 961, EP 261 957) qui sont en général des copolymères d'éthylène et d'ester insaturé, tels que copolymères éthylène/acétate de vinyle (EVA), éthylène/propionate de vinyle (EVP), éthylène/éthanoate de vinyle (EVE), éthylène/méthacrylate de méthyle (EMMA), et éthylène/fumarate d'alkyle. Pour améliorer les propriétés des CFI conventionnels, l'art antérieur propose également des mélanges d'additifs conventionnels CFI de type éthylène/ester insaturé avec des agents lubrifiants (esters d'acide mono-ou polycarboxylique et de mono- ou polyalcools (voir par exemple EP 721 492), avec des agents anti-sédimentation (voir par exemple FR 2 490 669), avec des éthers (voir par exemple US 3 999 960, EP187 488) On trouve également des additifs CFI améliorés qui sont des terpolymères ou des copolymères dérivant de plus de 3 monomères distincts. Par exemple, US 6 509 424 décrit un procédé de préparation de terpolymères d'éthylène et d'au moins deux composés contenant des insaturations éthyléniques, tels que des esters vinyliques, des esters (méth)acryliques, des éthers alkyl vinyliques dans un réacteur tubulaire. Ces terpolymères peuvent être utilisés comme additifs améliorant l'écoulement à froid des pétroles et des distillats de pétrole. US 3 642 459 décrit des terpolymères comprenant 40 à 89 % en poids d'éthylène, 10 à 40 % en poids d'ester vinylique dérivé d'acide carboxylique à courte chaîne (C2-C4), tel que l'acétate de vinyle, et de monoesters insaturés ayant une chaîne alkyle en C10-C22) ; ces terpolymères sont utilisés comme addditifs pour abaisser le point d'écoulement de distillats de pétrole et comme agents anti-cires et d'améliorer leur filtrabilité. TERPOLYMER ETHYLENE / VINYL ACETATE / UNSATURATED ESTERS AS ADDITIVES TO ENHANCE COLD COLD LIQUID HYDROCARBONS SUCH AS MEDIUM DISTILLATES AND FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES Technical Field. The invention relates to the use of alpha-olefin, vinyl ester and alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymers as additives for improving the cold-running performance of fuels and lubricants, as well as fuel oils and lubricants. packages containing these copolymers. Prior art. At reduced temperature, the hydrocarbon compositions, especially those based on middle distillate type containing paraffin waxes, such as for example diesel fuels and heating fuel oils have a significant decrease in their flow properties. It is well known that the crystallization of paraffins is a limiting factor in the use of middle distillates. Also, it is important to prepare diesel fuels adapted to the temperatures at which they will be used in motorized vehicles, that is to say to the surrounding climate. Generally, a cold operability of fuels at -10 oc is sufficient in many hot or temperate countries. But in cold climate countries, such as the Scandinavian countries, Canada, and Northeast Asian countries, fuel usage temperatures well below -20 ° C can be achieved. It is the same for domestic fuel stored outside buildings (houses, buildings, ...). This adequacy of the cold operability of the middle distillate type fuels is important, especially when the engines start cold. If the paraffins are crystallized at the bottom of the tank, they can be driven to start in the fuel system and particularly clog filters and prefilters arranged upstream of the injection systems (pump and injectors). Similarly for the storage of domestic fuel oils. the paraffins precipitate at the bottom of the tank and can be entrained and obstruct the pipes upstream of the pump and the boiler supply system (nozzle and filter). It is obvious that the presence of solids, such as paraffin crystals, prevents the normal circulation of the middle distillate. To improve their circulation either in the engine or to the boilers, several types of additives have emerged. R Rr '. ri, 21-: 2b dcrwa d, u At first, the oil industry focused on the development of so-called cold flow improvers (CFIs), which favored the dispersion of paraffin crystals and prevented them from forming. thus to organize in large networks, responsible for the obstruction of the filter pores. These additives act mainly on the filterability limit temperature (TLF) and the pour point, but do not modify the cloud point. The prior art has described numerous CFI additives (see for example US 3,038,479, US 3,627,838, US 3,790,359, US 3,961,961, EP 261,957) which are generally copolymers of ethylene and unsaturated esters, such as ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), ethylene / vinyl propionate (EVP), ethylene / vinyl ethanoate (EVE), ethylene / methyl methacrylate (EMMA), and ethylene / alkyl fumarate. To improve the properties of conventional CFIs, the prior art also proposes conventional CFI ethylene / unsaturated ester additive mixtures with lubricating agents (mono- or polycarboxylic acid esters and mono- or polyalcohols (see, for example EP 721 492), with anti-sedimentation agents (see, for example, FR 2 490 669), with ethers (see for example US Pat. No. 3,999,960, EP187,488). Improved CFI additives which are terpolymers or copolymers are also found. derived from more than 3 different monomers For example, US 6,509,424 discloses a process for preparing terpolymers of ethylene and at least two compounds containing ethylenic unsaturations, such as vinyl esters, (meth) acrylic esters, Alkyl vinyl ethers in a tubular reactor These terpolymers can be used as additives to improve the cold flow of petroleum and petroleum distillates. 2,459 discloses terpolymers comprising 40 to 89% by weight ethylene, 10 to 40% by weight vinyl ester derived from short chain (C2-C4) carboxylic acid, such as vinyl acetate, and unsaturated monoesters having a C10-C22 alkyl chain); these terpolymers are used as additives to lower the pour point of petroleum distillates and as anti-waxing agents and to improve their filterability.
US 4 156 434 décrit des terpolymères d'éthylène, d'acétate de vinyle et d'ester acrylique dérivant d'alcool en C12-C24 qui abaissent le point d'écoulement des carburants dans lesquels ils sont incorporés mais rien n'est dit sur l'amélioration de la filtrabilité à froid de ces additifs. WO 2005/054314 décrit des terpolymères d'alpha oléfine, d'ester vinylique et 35 d'ester d'acide mono carboxylique alpha-beta insaturé utilisables. Sont exemplifiés des R Brc'cis T'IlIG,-,h"FR I"F. r~i:c dl,: dn: terpolymères, particulièrement préférés par le déposant, qui contiennent plus de 80 % en moles d'éthylène et moins de 9 % en moles d'acétate de vinyle. Or, ces terpolymères contenant moins de 9 °/% en moles d'acétate de vinyle, bien qu'ayant un effet sur la diminution de la TLF pour des distillats moyens contenant plus de 18 % de n-paraffines, ne sont pas satisfaisants pour ce qui concerne d'une part la solubilité et d'autre part la tendance au colmatage (ou filtrabilité à température ambiante) : on constate des colmatages de filtre dommageables. Il existe un besoin non résolu d'additifs pour améliorer la tenue à froid des carburants (TLF et point d'écoulement) tout en réduisant voire en éliminant le risque de colmatage, de manière à éviter de boucher les filtres des systèmes d'alimentation des moteurs ou chaudières (système d'injection et réservoirs). Description de l'invention La présente invention concerne l'utilisation de copolymères comme additifs améliorant la tenue à froid des carburants (additifs CFl) ; ces copolymères contiennent des unités dérivés d'au moins une alpha-oléfine, d'au moins un ester vinylique et d'au moins un ester d'acide mono carboxylique alpha-beta insaturé, et sont de préférence des terpolymères d'éthylène, d'acétate de vinyle et d'acrylate d'éthyl-2, hexyle. Les copolymères selon l'invention utilisables comme additifs CFI comprennent ^ de 78 à 87 % en moles d'au moins une alpha-oléfine, de préférence d'au moins l'éthylène, • de 12 à 18 % en moles d'au moins un ester vinylique, de préférence d'au moins l'acétate de vinyle, de 1 à 4 % en moles d'au moins un ester d'acide mono carboxylique alpha-beta insaturé, de préférence d'au moins l'acrylate d'éthyl-2, hexyle. No. 4,156,434 describes terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and acrylic ester derived from C12-C24 alcohol which lower the pour point of the fuels in which they are incorporated, but nothing is said about improving the cold filterability of these additives. WO 2005/054314 describes terpolymers of alpha olefin, vinyl ester and alpha-beta unsaturated mono carboxylic acid ester which can be used. Are exemplified R Brc'cis T'IlIG, -, h "FR I" F. These are particularly preferred by the applicant, which contain more than 80 mol% of ethylene and less than 9 mol% of vinyl acetate. However, these terpolymers containing less than 9% mol% of vinyl acetate, although having an effect on the reduction of the TLF for middle distillates containing more than 18% of n-paraffins, are not satisfactory for on the one hand the solubility and secondly the tendency to clogging (or filterability at room temperature): there is harmful filter clogging. There is an unresolved need for additives to improve the cold holding of fuels (TLF and pour point) while reducing or even eliminating the risk of clogging, so as to avoid clogging the filters of fuel systems. engines or boilers (injection system and tanks). DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the use of copolymers as additives improving the cold resistance of fuels (CF1 additives); these copolymers contain units derived from at least one alpha-olefin, at least one vinyl ester and at least one alpha-beta unsaturated mono carboxylic acid ester, and are preferably terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and ethyl-2-acrylate, hexyl. The copolymers according to the invention which can be used as CFI additives comprise from 78 to 87 mol% of at least one alpha-olefin, preferably at least one of ethylene, and from 12 to 18 mol% of at least a vinyl ester, preferably at least vinyl acetate, of 1 to 4 mol% of at least one unsaturated alpha-beta mono carboxylic acid ester, preferably at least one of 2-ethylhexyl.
De manière avantageuse, les copolymères utilisables comme additifs CFI comprennent : ^ de 78 à 87 % en moles d'éthylène, ^ de 12 à 18 % en moles d'acétate de vinyle, de préférence de 12 à 16% en moles; ^ de 1 à 4 % en moles d'acrylate d'éthyl-2, hexyle, de préférence de 1,5 à 3,5% en moles. Les copolymères selon l'invention qui sont des copolymères statistiques ont une masse moléculaire en nombre (Mw) mesurée par GPC en général comprise entre 3 000 et 30 000, et une masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre (Mn) mesurée par GPC en général comprise entre 1 000 et 15 000. R Br:,c1s:-:Mf ' FRI__b vcN,c&po, AOr Ces copolymères peuvent être préparés de manière connue par tout procédé de polymérisation, (voir par exemple, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of lndustrial Chemistry, Sème Edition, "Waxes", Vol. .A 28, p.146 ; US 3 627 838; EP 7 590) notamment par polymérisation radicalaire, de préférence sous haute pression, typiquement de l'ordre de 1 000 à 3 000 bars (100 à 300 MPa), de préférence de 1 500 à 2 000 bars (150 à 200 MPa), les températures de réaction allant en général de 160 à 320 °C, de préférence de 200 à 280 °C, et en présence d'au moins un initiateur radicalaire choisi en général parmi les peroxydes organiques et/ou les composés oxygénés ou azotés, et d'un régulateur de poids moléculaire (cétone ou aldéhyde aliphatique, ...). Les copolymères peuvent par exemple être préparés dans un réacteur tubulaire selon le procédé décrit dans US 6 509 424. Les compositions à base d'hydrocarbures dans lesquels les copolymères selon l'invention sont incorporés, sont choisis parmi tous types de fiouls ou carburants, tels carburants diesel, fiouls domestiques pour installations de chauffage (FOD), kérosène, fiouls d'aviation, fiouls lourds, etc ... En général la teneur en soufre des compositions d'hydrocarbures est inférieure à 5000 ppm, de préférence inférieure à 500 ppm, et plus préférentiellement inférieure à 50 ppm, voire même inférieure à 10 ppm et avantageuse sans soufre. Les compositions à base d'hydrocarbures comprennent des distillats moyens de température d'ébullition comprise entre 100 et 500°C ; leur température de cristallisation commençante Tcc est souvent supérieure ou égale à -20°C, en général comprise entre - 15°C et +10°C. Ces distillats peuvent par exemple être choisis parmi les distillats obtenus par distillation directe d'hydrocarbures bruts, les distillats sous vide, les distillats hydrotraités, des distillats issus du craquage catalytique et/ou de l'hydrocraquage de distillats sous vide, les distillats résultant de procédés de conversion type ARDS (par désulfuration de résidu atmosphérique) et/ou de viscoréduction, les distillats issus de la valorisation des coupes Fischer Tropsch, les distillats résultant de la conversion BTL (biomass to liquid) de la biomasse végétale et/ou animale, prise seule ou en combinaison et/ou les esters d'huiles végétales et animales ou leurs mélanges. Advantageously, the copolymers usable as CFI additives comprise: from 78 to 87 mol% of ethylene, from 12 to 18 mol% of vinyl acetate, preferably from 12 to 16 mol%; 1 to 4 mol% of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, preferably 1.5 to 3.5 mol%. The copolymers according to the invention which are random copolymers have a number-average molecular weight (Mw) measured by GPC in general of between 3,000 and 30,000, and a number-average molecular weight (Mn) measured by GPC in general between 1,000 and 15,000. These copolymers can be prepared in a known manner by any method of polymerization (see, for example, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition, US Pat. "Waxes", Vol 28, p.146, US 3,627,838, EP 7,590) in particular by radical polymerization, preferably under high pressure, typically of the order of 1000 to 3000 bar (100 to 300 psig). MPa), preferably from 1500 to 2000 bar (150 to 200 MPa), the reaction temperatures generally ranging from 160 to 320 ° C, preferably from 200 to 280 ° C, and in the presence of at least one radical initiator chosen in general from organic peroxides and / or oxygen compounds s or nitrogen, and having a molecular weight regulator (ketone or aliphatic aldehyde, ...). The copolymers may, for example, be prepared in a tubular reactor according to the method described in US Pat. No. 6,509,424. The hydrocarbon-based compositions in which the copolymers according to the invention are incorporated are chosen from all types of fuel oils, such as diesel fuels, domestic fuel for heating installations (FOD), kerosene, aviation fuel oil, heavy fuel oil, etc. In general, the sulfur content of the hydrocarbon compositions is less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm , and more preferably less than 50 ppm, or even less than 10 ppm and advantageous without sulfur. The hydrocarbon-based compositions comprise middle distillates having a boiling point of between 100 and 500 ° C .; their starting crystallization temperature Tcc is often greater than or equal to -20 ° C, generally between -15 ° C and + 10 ° C. These distillates may, for example, be chosen from distillates obtained by direct distillation of crude hydrocarbons, vacuum distillates, hydrotreated distillates, distillates obtained from catalytic cracking and / or hydrocracking of vacuum distillates, distillates resulting from conversion processes such as ARDS (by atmospheric residue desulphurisation) and / or visbreaking, distillates from the recovery of Fischer Tropsch cuts, distillates resulting from the BTL (biomass to liquid) conversion of plant and / or animal biomass, taken alone or in combination and / or esters of vegetable and animal oils or mixtures thereof.
Les compositions d'hydrocarbures peuvent également contenir des distillats issus des opérations de raffinage plus complexes que ceux issus de la distillation directe des hydrocarbures qui peuvent par exemple provenir des procédés de craquage, hydrocraquage et/ou craquage catalytique et des procédés de viscoréduction. Elles peuvent également contenir de nouvelles sources de distillats, parmi lesquelles on peut notamment citer : R Rr,'ci.'"3(ip '_'2FR 0'122 -ic,c Jclx~~. do, - les coupes les plus lourdes issues des procédés de craquage et de viscoréduction concentrées en paraffines lourdes, comprenant plus de 18 atomes de carbone, - les distillats synthétiques issus de la transformation du gaz tels que ceux issus du procédé Fischer Tropsch, - les distillats synthétiques résultant du traitement de la biomasse d'origine végétale et/ou animale, comme notamment le NexBTL, - et les huiles et/ou esters d'huiles végétales et/ou animales, - ou encore les biodiesel d'origine animale et/ou végétale. Ces nouvelles bases carburants peuvent être utilisées seules ou en mélange avec des distillats moyens pétroliers classiques comme base carburant et/ou base de fioul domestique ; elles comprennent en général de longues chaînes paraffiniques supérieures ou égales à 10 atomes de carbone et préférentiellement de C14 à C30. Les copolymères tels que définis précédemment de Mw comprise entre 5 000 et 27 000 et de Mn comprise entre 1 500 et 22 000 , de préférence de Mw comprise entre 5 000 et 25 000 et de Mn comprise entre 1 500 et 20 000 sont particulièrement efficaces lorsqu'ils sont incorporés à des distillats moyens légers et/ou à basse teneur en soufre (typiquement inférieure à 50 ppm) et/ou à température de cristallisation commençante basse (typiquement pouvant aller jusqu'à -20 °C). Par distillats moyens légers, on entend des distillats dont le contenu en n-paraffines ayant 24 atomes de carbone ou plus va de 0 à environ inférieur à 0.7 % en poids de la composition totale de carburant ; dont les n-paraffines en C18-C23 représentent environ 3 à environ 5 % du poids total du carburant et dont le rapport massique des n-paraffines en C18-C23 par rapport aux paraffines en C24 et plus va en général de 10 à 35. Les copolymères de Mw comprise entre 5 000 et 10 000 et de Mn comprise entre 1 500 et 8 000, de préférence de Mw comprise entre 5 000 et 8 000 et de Mn comprise entre 1 500 et 5 000 sont particulièrement efficaces lorsqu'ils sont incorporés à des distillats moyens lourds et/ou à température de cristallisation commençante plutôt élevée (typiquement pouvant aller de 0 à 15 °C). Par distillats moyens lourds, on entend des distillats dont le contenu en n-paraffines ayant 24 atomes de carbone ou plus va d'environ 0,7 à environ 2% en poids de la composition totale de carburant ; dont les n-paraffines en C18-C23 représentent environ 1 à environ 10 % du poids total du carburant et dont le rapport massique des n-paraffines en C I8-C23 aux paraffines en C24+ va en général de 1 à 10. Les copolymères peuvent être ajoutés tels quels dans les compositions 35 d'hydrocarbures ou de manière préférentielle sous forme de solutions concentrées. en R Brc,cl, 77 O0'_7,S2FR-0'l. ~cr~c particulier des solutions contenant de 50 à 80%, de préférence de 60 à 70% en poids de copolymère(s) dans un solvant, tel que les hydrocarbures aliphatiques ou aromatiques, seuls ou en mélange (naphta, kérosène, fractions d'hydrocarbures, telles que solvant Solvesso, hydrocarbures paraffiniques, tels que pentane, hexane. The hydrocarbon compositions may also contain distillates resulting from more complex refining operations than those resulting from the direct distillation of hydrocarbons which may for example be derived from cracking, hydrocracking and / or catalytic cracking processes and visbreaking processes. They may also contain new sources of distillates, among which may be mentioned in particular: ## STR1 ## where: ## EQU1 ## heavy results from heavy paraffinic cracking and visbreaking processes, comprising more than 18 carbon atoms, - synthetic distillates resulting from gas transformation such as those resulting from the Fischer Tropsch process, - synthetic distillates resulting from the treatment of the biomass of plant and / or animal origin, such as NexBTL, and oils and / or esters of vegetable and / or animal oils, or biodiesel of animal and / or vegetable origin. may be used alone or in admixture with conventional petroleum distillates as a fuel base and / or base of heating oil and generally comprise long paraffinic chains greater than or equal to 10 carbon atoms and preferably from C14 to C30. The copolymers as defined previously of Mw between 5,000 and 27,000 and Mn between 1,500 and 22,000, preferably Mw between 5,000 and 25,000 and Mn between 1,500 and 20,000 are particularly effective. when they are incorporated in light middle distillates and / or low sulfur (typically less than 50 ppm) and / or low initial crystallization temperature (typically up to -20 ° C). By light middle distillates is meant distillates having a n-paraffin content of 24 or more carbon atoms ranging from 0 to about 0.7% by weight of the total fuel composition; wherein the C18-C23 n-paraffins represent about 3 to about 5% of the total weight of the fuel and whose weight ratio of C18-C23 n-paraffins to paraffins C24 and higher is generally from 10 to 35. Copolymers of Mw between 5,000 and 10,000 and Mn between 1,500 and 8,000, preferably Mw between 5,000 and 8,000 and Mn between 1,500 and 5,000 are particularly effective when they are incorporated in heavy middle distillates and / or starting crystallization temperature rather high (typically ranging from 0 to 15 ° C). Heavy middle distillates are distillates whose n-paraffin content with 24 or more carbon atoms ranges from about 0.7 to about 2% by weight of the total fuel composition; wherein the C18-C23 n-paraffins represent about 1 to about 10% of the total weight of the fuel and whose mass ratio of the C 18 -C 23 n-paraffins to the C 24 + paraffins generally ranges from 1 to 10. The copolymers can be added as such in the hydrocarbon compositions or preferentially in the form of concentrated solutions. in R Brc, cl, 77 O0'7, S2FR-O'l. ~ cr ~ c particular solutions containing 50 to 80%, preferably 60 to 70% by weight of copolymer (s) in a solvent, such as aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, alone or in mixture (naphtha, kerosene, fractions hydrocarbons, such as Solvesso solvent, paraffinic hydrocarbons, such as pentane, hexane.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, les compositions d'hydrocarbures comprennent de 10 à 5 000 ppm en poids d'au moins un copolymère décrit plus haut éventuellement, de préférence de 100 à 1000 ppm, et avantageusement de 150 à 500 ppm. Outre les additifs CFI ou additifs de tenue à froid décrits plus haut, les compositions d'hydrocarbures peuvent également contenir un ou plusieurs autres additifs différents des copolymères selon l'invention, choisis parmi les détergents, les agents anti-corrosion, les dispersants, les désémulsifiants, des agents anti-mousse, des biocides, des réodorants, des additifs procétane, les modificateurs de friction, les additifs de lubrifiance ou additifs d'onctuosité, des agents d'aide à la combustion (promoteurs catalytiques de combustion et de suie), les agents améliorant le point de trouble, le point d'écoulement, la température limite de filtrabilité, des agents anti-sédimentation, les agents anti-usure et/ou les agents modifiant la conductivité. Parmi ces additifs, on peut citer particulièrement : a) les additifs procétane, notamment (mais non limitativement) choisis parmi les nitrates d'alkyle, de préférence le nitrate de 2-éthyl hexyle, les peroxydes d'aroyle, de préférence le peroxyde de benzyle, et les peroxydes d'alkyle, de préférence le peroxyde de ter-butyle ; b) les additifs anti-mousse, notamment (mais non limitativement) choisis parmi les polysiloxanes, les polysiloxanes oxyalkylés, et les amides d'acides gras issus d'huiles végétales ou animales. Des exemples de tels additifs sont donnés dans EP 861 182, EP 663 000, EP 736 590 ; c) les additifs détergents et/ou anti-corrosion, notamment (mais non limitativement) choisis dans le groupe constitué par les amines, les succinimides, les alkénylsuccinimides, les polyalkylamines, les polyalkyles polyamines et les polyétheramines. Des exemples de tels additifs sont donnés dans EP 938 535. d) additif de lubrifiance ou agent anti-usure, notamment (mais non limitativement) choisi dans le groupe constitué par les acides gras et leurs dérivés ester ou amide, notamment le monooléate de glycérol. et les dérivés d'acides carboxyliques mono- et polycycliques. Des exemples de tels additifs sont donnés dans les documents suivants: EP 680 506, EP 860 494. WO 98/04656. EP 915 944, FR2 772 783. FR 2 772 784. -.on ^vr?FR-n'I??h-retre dcpx;t dnc e) les additifs de point de trouble, notamment (mais non limitativement) choisis dans le groupe constitué par les terpolymères oléfine à chaîne longue/ester (méth)acrylique /maléimide, et les polymères d'esters d'acides fumarique /maléique. Des exemples de tels additifs sont donnés dans EP 71 5I3, EP 100 248, FR 2 528 051, FR 2 528 051, FR 2 528 423, EPl 12 195, EP 1 727 58, EP 271 385, EP 291367 ; f) les additifs d'anti-sédimentation et/ou dispersants de paraffines notamment (mais non limitativement) choisis dans le groupe constitué par les copolymères acide (méth)acrylique/(méth)acrylate d'alkyle amidifié par une polyamine, les alkénylsuccinimides de polyamine, les dérivés d'acide phtalamique et d'amine grasse à double chaîne ; des résines alkyl phénol. Des exemples de tels additifs sont donnés dans EP 261 959, EP593 331, EP 674 689. EP 327 423, EP 512 889, EP 832 172 ; US 2005/0223631 ; US 5 998 530 ; WO 93/14178. g) les additifs polyfonctionnels d'opérabilité à froid choisis dans le groupe constitué par les polymères à base d'oléfine et de nitrate d'alkényle tels que décrits dans 15 EP 573 490. ; h) d'autres additifs CFI améliorant la tenue à froid et la filtrabilité, tels que les copolymères EVA et/ou EVP Ces autres additifs sont en général ajoutés en quantité allant de 100 à 1 000 ppm (chacun) 20 Les additifs de tenue à froid améliorés selon l'invention peuvent être ajoutés dans les compositions d'hydrocarbures au sein de la raffinerie, et/ou être incorporés en aval de la raffinerie, éventuellement en mélange avec d'autres additifs, sous forme de package d'additifs. Exemples 25 Dans un réacteur tubulaire, on synthétise par polymérisation radicalaire sous haute pression (1 400 à 2 500 bars (140 à 250 MPa)) et à une température de polymérisation de 200 à 280°C des terpolymères d'éthylène, d'acétate de vinyle et d'acrylate d'éthyl-2, hexyle. La synthèse est réalisée en utilisant un aldéhyde aliphatique (propanal) pour 30 contrôler les masses moléculaires et en utilisant des peroxydes comme initiateurs de polymérisation. Dans le tableau 1 ci-dessous, sont indiquées les Mn et Mw des terpolymères synthétisés ainsi que leurs pourcentages des monomères. R:. R rccas '3002'}s2FR-0-I( ,<r Tableau 1 : Caractéristiques des polymères synthétisés Copolymère [acétate de [acrylate d'éthyl-2 Mn Mw vinyle] hexyle] % %moles % poids % moles poids 1 28,4 13,1 9,2 2,1 2 550 7 190 2 32,1 15,5 9,7 2,2 2 440 6 870 3 24,5 11 9,8 2,1 2 480 6 990 4 27 12,1 9 1,9 12 687 14 775 28,8 13,1 9,1 1,9 13 195 15 185 6 (comparatif) 13,3 6,6 22,1 5,1 12 627 14 610 7 (comparatif) 13,1 6,5 22,4 5,2 8 842 10 460 8 (comparatif) 17,9 8,9 16,8 3,9 12 875 15 675 9 (comparatif) 17,8 8,8 16,7 3,9 8 384 9 885 28,7 14,3 19 4,4 11585 14210 (comparatif) _ 11 28,9 14,4 17,5 4,1 12250 14852 (comparatif) I2 27,6 13,7 20,7 4,8 11180 13255 (comparatif) 13 28,4 14,1 20,4 4,7 12100 14372 (comparatif) 14 33,6 16,7 10 2,3 9712 11876 31,5 15,7 13,3 3,1 11420 13667 16 19,3 9,6 21,5 5 4 498 8 443 (comparatif) On évalue l'aptitude à l'amélioration de la tenue à froid de ces terpolymères en les incorporant dans des 6 distillats de type gazole moteur appelé GOM I à GOM 6 dont les caractéristiques sont réunies dans le tableau 2 ci-dessous Tableau 2 : Caractéristiques des carburants GOM GOM GOM GOM GOM GOM 1 2 3 4 5 6 Distillation ASTM D86 T90-T20 (°C) 112,7 100,4 96,9 112,2 100,5 112 PF-T90 (°C) 18,6 24,9 26,1 26,2 17 23 T95 (°C) 353,9 362,4 351,1 350,5 350 356 Point de trouble(°C) -4 -4 -5 -5 -9 -7 NF EN 23015 TLF (°C) -5 -7 -6 -5 -9 -6 EN 116 Point d'écoulement (°C) -12 -10 -12 -12 -15 -9 NF T 60105 Teneur en Paraffines (% masse) 19,27 14,68 17,5 18,95 16,1 15,64 Chromatographie TCC (°C) -6 -6,3 -6,2 -6,3 -12,6 -9,5 IP 389 Teneur en soufre (ppm) 39,8 38 9 9,5 9,2 48 EN 1SO 20846 On incorpore 400 ppm en poids de chaque copolymère 1 à 16 ci-dessous dans le distillat de type gazole moteur appelé GOM 1 puis on mesure l'indice de colmatage FBT (Filter Blocking Tendency) selon la norme IP 387. Le GOM 1 non additivé présente un indice de colmatage FBT de 1,01. K [3re~.•s.'-rK1.'-.S'FR-0'1226-ms:c dcpi,^ doc On constate que les terpolymères selon l'invention permettent de ne pas dégrader la tendance au colmatage du GOM 1 c'est-à-dire que le GOM 1 additivé avec 400 ppm de ter polymère présente un FBT inférieur à 1,41. Les résultats sont présentés dans le tableau 3 ci-dessous Tableau 3 Tendance au colmatage (IP387) du GOM 1 additivé à 400 ppm des différents terpolymères. Additif ajouté Indice de colmatage FBT (IP 387) 1 I ,01 2 1 3 1,3 4 1,14 5 1,06 6 (comparatif) 6,08 7 (comparatif) 6,08 8 (comparatif) 1,53 9 (comparatif) 1,8 (comparatif) 1.02 11 (comparatif) 2,69 12 (comparatif) 1,01 13 (comparatif) 1,03 14 L°1 LOI 16 (comparatif) 5.1 R i3rc'crs 2'3002'382FR-071226-rcric kpiot doc On mesure l'efficacité en tenue à froid TLF des terpolymères incorporés dans les GOM 2 à GOM 6 à la concentration de 140 ; 210 ou 280 ppm ; les résultats sont réunis dans le tableau 4. Tableau 4 : Tests d'efficacité TLF sur différen Mesures de TLF(°C) EN 116 Additif ajouté GOM 2 GOM 3 GOM 3 GOM 4 GOM 5 GOM 6 210 ppm 210 ppm 280 ppm 210 ppm 210 ppm 140 ppm 1 -21 -13 -14 -14 2 -16 -15 -14 -14 -16 -14 4 -21 -16 -18 -17 -19 -15 -15 -12 -10 6 -12 -9 7 -16 -15 -15 -12 -9 8 _ -12 -9 9 -12 -9 -12 -13 -13 -13 -10 I1 -17 -13 -13 -13 -10 12 -4 -5 -4 -9 13 -5 -4 -3 -9 14 -12 -11 -5 -17 -10 16 -17 -16 -14 -12 -9 On constate que les terpolymères 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 selon l'invention sont les plus efficaces sur les différents gazoles GOM 2 à GOM 6. Par ailleurs, à partir des résultats 10 du tableau 3, on constate que ces terpolymères 1 ; 2 ; 3 et 4 ajoutés à raison de 400 ppm dans le GOM 1 ne dégradent pas la tendance au colmatage. Ceci, n'est pas le cas des terpolymères comparatifs 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 11 et 16 selon WO 2005/054314 qui dégradent fortement la tendance au colmatage mesurée selon l'IP 387 et ne sont pas aussi efficaces en TLF que les additifs de l'invention comme par exemple les additifs 1 ; 2 ; 4 et 5. R Rrc'cu ")nn Rn-~'_n-;cvc &p., doc 5 According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon compositions comprise from 10 to 5000 ppm by weight of at least one copolymer described above, preferably from 100 to 1000 ppm, and advantageously from 150 to 500. ppm. In addition to the CFI additives or cold-holding additives described above, the hydrocarbon compositions may also contain one or more other additives different from the copolymers according to the invention, chosen from detergents, anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, defoamers, biocides, deodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or lubricity additives, combustion assistants (catalytic combustion promoters and soot) , cloud point improvers, pour point, filterability limit temperature, anti-settling agents, anti-wear agents and / or conductivity modifiers. Among these additives, mention may be made especially of: a) procetane additives, in particular (but not limited to) selected from alkyl nitrates, preferably 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate, aroyl peroxides, preferably benzyl, and alkyl peroxides, preferably ter-butyl peroxide; b) anti-foam additives, in particular (but not limited to) selected from polysiloxanes, oxyalkylated polysiloxanes, and fatty acid amides from vegetable or animal oils. Examples of such additives are given in EP 861 182, EP 663 000, EP 736 590; c) detergent and / or anti-corrosion additives, in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of amines, succinimides, alkenylsuccinimides, polyalkylamines, polyalkylamines and polyetheramines. Examples of such additives are given in EP 938,535. D) lubricant additive or anti-wear agent, in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate . and mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acid derivatives. Examples of such additives are given in the following documents: EP 680 506, EP 860 494. WO 98/04656. EP 915 944, FR 2 772 783. FR 2 772 784. FR-1H-b) dcpx; t dnc e) the cloud point additives, in particular (but not limited to) chosen from the group consisting of long-chain olefin terpolymers / (meth) acrylic ester / maleimide ester, and fumaric / maleic acid ester polymers. Examples of such additives are given in EP 71 513, EP 100 248, FR 2 528 051, FR 2 528 051, FR 2 528 423, EP 1 12 195, EP 1 727 58, EP 271 385, EP 291367; f) anti-sedimentation additives and / or paraffin dispersants, in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of (meth) acrylic acid / polyamine-amidated alkyl (meth) acrylate copolymers, alkenylsuccinimides of polyamine, phthalamic acid derivatives and double chain fatty amine; alkyl phenol resins. Examples of such additives are given in EP 261,959, EP593,331, EP 674,689. EP 327,423, EP 512,889, EP 832,172; US 2005/0223631; US 5,998,530; WO 93/14178. g) polyfunctional cold operability additives selected from the group consisting of olefin and alkenyl nitrate polymers as described in EP 573,490; h) other CFI additives improving the cold resistance and the filterability, such as the EVA and / or EVP copolymers. These other additives are generally added in an amount ranging from 100 to 1000 ppm (each). improved refrigerants according to the invention can be added in the hydrocarbon compositions within the refinery, and / or be incorporated downstream of the refinery, optionally in admixture with other additives, in the form of an additive package. EXAMPLES In a tubular reactor, high-pressure radical polymerization (1400 to 2500 bar (140 to 250 MPa)) and a polymerization temperature of 200 to 280 ° C. were synthesized for ethylene and acetate terpolymers. of vinyl and 2-ethyl acrylate, hexyl. The synthesis is carried out using an aliphatic (propanal) aldehyde to control molecular weights and using peroxides as polymerization initiators. In Table 1 below, the Mn and Mw of the synthesized terpolymers and their percentages of the monomers are indicated. R :. Table 1: Characteristics of Synthesized Polymers Copolymer [2-ethyl-Mn-Mw-vinyl-hexyl acrylate] acetate]% mole% wt.% Mole wt. 1 28, m.p. 4 13.1 9.2 2.1 2 550 7 190 2 32.1 15.5 9.7 2.2 2 440 6 870 3 24.5 11 9.8 2.1 2 480 6 990 4 27 12, 1 9 1.9 12 687 14 775 28.8 13.1 9.1 1.9 13 195 15 185 6 (comparative) 13.3 6.6 22.1 5.1 12 627 14 610 7 (comparative) 13 , 1 6.5 22.4 5.2 8 842 10 460 8 (comparative) 17.9 8.9 16.8 3.9 12 875 15 675 9 (comparative) 17.8 8.8 16.7 3, 9 8 384 9 885 28.7 14.3 19 4.4 11585 14210 (comparative) _ 11 28.9 14.4 17.5 4.1 12250 14852 (comparative) I2 27.6 13.7 20.7 4 , 8 11180 13255 (comparative) 13 28.4 14.1 20.4 4.7 12100 14372 (comparative) 14 33.6 16.7 10 2.3 9712 11876 31.5 15.7 13.3 3.1 11420 13667 16 19.3 9.6 21.5 4 498 8 443 (comparative) The ability to improve the cold strength of these terpolymers is evaluated by incorporating them into 6 diesel engine type distillates called GOM I to GOM 6 whose bus Table 2: Fuel Characteristics GOM GOM GOM GOM GOM GOM 1 2 3 4 5 6 Distillation ASTM D86 T90-T20 (° C) 112.7 100.4 96.9 112.2 100.5 112 PF-T90 (° C) 18.6 24.9 26.1 26.2 17 23 T95 (° C) 353.9 362.4 351.1 350.5 350 356 Cloud point (° C) ) -4 -4 -5 -5 -9 -7 NF EN 23015 TLF (° C) -5 -7 -6 -5 -9 -6 EN 116 Pour Point (° C) -12 -10 -12 - 12 -15 -9 NF T 60105 Paraffin content (% by weight) 19.27 14.68 17.5 18.95 16.1 15.64 Chromatography TCC (° C) -6 -6.3 -6.2 - 6.3 -12.6 -9.5 IP 389 Sulfur content (ppm) 39.8 38 9 9.5 9.2 48 EN 1SO 20846 400 ppm by weight of each copolymer 1 to 16 below is incorporated in the diesel fuel type distillate called GOM 1 and then the Filter Blocking Tendency (FBT) is measured according to IP 387. The non-additive GOM 1 has a FBT clogging index of 1.01. K It is found that the terpolymers according to the invention make it possible not to degrade the tendency to clog the GOM. 1, that is, the GOM 1 additive with 400 ppm ter polymer has an FBT of less than 1.41. The results are shown in Table 3 below Table 3 Clogging tendency (IP387) of the GOM 1 additive at 400 ppm of the different terpolymers. Additive added Clogging index FBT (IP 387) 1 I, 01 2 1 3 1,3 4 1,14 5 1,06 6 (comparative) 6,08 7 (comparative) 6,08 8 (comparative) 1,53 9 (Comparative) 1.8 (Comparative) 1.02 11 (Comparative) 2.69 12 (Comparative) 1.01 13 (Comparative) 1.03 14 L.1 Law 16 (Comparative) 5.1 Reactive 2'3002'382 The cold-holding efficiency TLF of the terpolymers incorporated in the GOM 2 to GOM 6 is measured at a concentration of 140; 210 or 280 ppm; the results are shown in Table 4. Table 4: TLF Efficacy Tests on Different TLF (° C) Measurements EN 116 Added Additive GOM 2 GOM 3 GOM 3 GOM 4 GOM 5 GOM 6 210 ppm 210 ppm 280 ppm 210 ppm 210 ppm 140 ppm 1 -21 -13 -14 -14 2 -16 -15 -14 -14 -16 -14 4 -21 -16 -18 -17 -19 -15 -15 -12 -10 6 -12 -9 7 -16 -15 -15 -12 -9 8 _ -12 -9 9 -12 -9 -12 -13 -13 -13 -10 I1 -17 -13 -13 -13 -10 12 -4 -5 -4 -9 13 -5 -4 -3 -9 14 -12 -11 -5 -17 -10 16 -17 -16 -14 -12 -9 It is found that the terpolymers 1; 2; 3; 4 according to the invention are the most effective on the different gas oils GOM 2 to GOM 6. Moreover, from the results 10 of Table 3, it is found that these terpolymers 1; 2; 3 and 4 added at 400 ppm in GOM 1 do not degrade the clogging tendency. This is not the case of comparative terpolymers 6; 7; 8; 9; 11 and 16 according to WO 2005/054314 which greatly degrade the clogging tendency measured according to IP 387 and are not as effective in TLF as the additives of the invention, for example additives 1; 2; 4 and 5. R Rcccu) nn Rn- ~ '_n-; cvc & p., Doc 5
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (28)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0709168A FR2925916B1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2007-12-28 | VINYL ETHYLENE / UNSATURATED TERPOLYMER / UNSATURATED ESTERS AS AN ADDITIVE TO ENHANCE COLD LIQUID HYDROCARBONS LIKE MEDIUM DISTILLATES AND FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES |
PL08872789T PL2238225T3 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as additive enchancing the low-temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons |
PCT/FR2008/001817 WO2009106744A2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as additive enchancing the low-temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons such as middle distillates and motor fuels or other fuels |
AU2008351922A AU2008351922B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as additive enchancing the low-temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons |
SG201004491A SG162529A1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as additive enchancing the low-temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons |
EP08872789.6A EP2238225B1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as additive enchancing the low-temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons |
CA2710839A CA2710839C (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Terpolymer as an additive improving the cold flow of liquid hydrocarbons |
ES08872789.6T ES2612739T3 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Terpolymer of ethylene / vinyl acetate / unsaturated esters as an additive to improve the cold resistance of liquid hydrocarbons |
SI200831747A SI2238225T1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as additive enchancing the low-temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons |
HUE08872789A HUE032911T2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as additive enchancing the low-temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons |
KR1020107016529A KR20100135221A (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene / vinyl acetate / unsaturated ester terpolymers as additives to improve low temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons |
BRPI0820066-1A BRPI0820066B1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | ETHYLEN / VINYL ACETATE / TERPOLYMER UNSATURATED ESTERES AS ADDITIVES INCREASING LOW TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE AS INTERMEDIATE AND FUEL ENGINE OR OTHER FUEL DISTILES |
DK08872789.6T DK2238225T3 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Terene polymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and unsaturated esters as additives to improve the resistance of liquid hydrocarbons to low temperatures |
ARP080105729A AR069986A1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | ETHYLENE TERPOLIMERO- VINYL ACETATE / STERES INSATURED AS AN ADDITIVE TO IMPROVE THE COLD RESISTANCE OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS AS INTERMEDIATE DISTILLATES AND FUELS OR FUELS |
PT88727896T PT2238225T (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as additive enchancing the low-temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons |
MYPI2010003016A MY162899A (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as additives enhancing the low-temperature resistence of liquid hydrocarbons such as middle distillates and motor fuels or other fuels |
CN2008801257345A CN101925667A (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated ester terpolymer is as the additive that improves the liquid hydrocarbon resistance to low temperature |
EA201070807A EA201070807A1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | THERMAL POLYMER FROM ETHYLENE, VINYL ACETATE AND UNSATURATED ETHERS AS AN APPLICATION THAT INCREASES LOW-TEMPERATURE DURABILITY OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, SUCH AS MEDIUM DISTILLERS AND MOTOR HEATHOLDERS. |
LTEP08872789.6T LT2238225T (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as additive enchancing the low-temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons |
MX2010007225A MX2010007225A (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as additive enchancing the low-temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons. |
JP2010540159A JP2011508042A (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene / vinyl acetate / unsaturated ester terpolymers as additives to improve the low temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons such as middle distillates and automotive fuels and other fuels |
US12/810,715 US20100281762A1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate / unsaturated esters terpolymer as additives enhancing the low-temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons such as middle distillates and motor fuels or other fuels |
UAA201009398A UA104854C2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-23 | Thribble copolymer of ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters as an additive enhancing low-temperature properties of liquid carbohydrates |
TW097150368A TW200932893A (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-24 | Terpolymer of ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters as additives improving the resistance to cold of liquid hydrocarbons such as the middle distillates and motor fuels or other fuels |
CL2008003911A CL2008003911A1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-26 | Method to improve resistance to cold and filterability of internal distillate that comprises adding a copolymer containing; 78-87 mole% alpha-olefin, 12-18% vinyl ester, and 1-4% alpha beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester; and a hydrocarbon compound containing intermediate distillate. |
MA33024A MA32023B1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2010-07-16 | Ethylene terpolymer |
ZA2010/05265A ZA201005265B (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2010-07-23 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as additive enchancing the low-temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons |
HRP20170032TT HRP20170032T1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2017-01-10 | Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as additive enchancing the low-temperature resistance of liquid hydrocarbons |
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FR2947558B1 (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-08-19 | Total Raffinage Marketing | TERPOLYMER AND ETHYLENE / VINYL ACETATE / UNSATURATED ESTERS AS ADDITIVES TO ENHANCE COLD LIQUID HYDROCARBONS LIKE MEDIUM DISTILLATES AND FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES |
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2007
- 2007-12-28 FR FR0709168A patent/FR2925916B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2008
- 2008-12-23 ES ES08872789.6T patent/ES2612739T3/en active Active
- 2008-12-23 AR ARP080105729A patent/AR069986A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-12-23 KR KR1020107016529A patent/KR20100135221A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-12-23 PT PT88727896T patent/PT2238225T/en unknown
- 2008-12-23 HU HUE08872789A patent/HUE032911T2/en unknown
- 2008-12-23 EP EP08872789.6A patent/EP2238225B1/en active Active
- 2008-12-23 EA EA201070807A patent/EA201070807A1/en unknown
- 2008-12-23 AU AU2008351922A patent/AU2008351922B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-12-23 CA CA2710839A patent/CA2710839C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-12-23 SG SG201004491A patent/SG162529A1/en unknown
- 2008-12-23 DK DK08872789.6T patent/DK2238225T3/en active
- 2008-12-23 PL PL08872789T patent/PL2238225T3/en unknown
- 2008-12-23 MY MYPI2010003016A patent/MY162899A/en unknown
- 2008-12-23 BR BRPI0820066-1A patent/BRPI0820066B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-12-23 SI SI200831747A patent/SI2238225T1/en unknown
- 2008-12-23 WO PCT/FR2008/001817 patent/WO2009106744A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-12-23 LT LTEP08872789.6T patent/LT2238225T/en unknown
- 2008-12-23 MX MX2010007225A patent/MX2010007225A/en unknown
- 2008-12-23 UA UAA201009398A patent/UA104854C2/en unknown
- 2008-12-23 US US12/810,715 patent/US20100281762A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-12-23 JP JP2010540159A patent/JP2011508042A/en active Pending
- 2008-12-23 CN CN2008801257345A patent/CN101925667A/en active Pending
- 2008-12-24 TW TW097150368A patent/TW200932893A/en unknown
- 2008-12-26 CL CL2008003911A patent/CL2008003911A1/en unknown
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2010
- 2010-07-16 MA MA33024A patent/MA32023B1/en unknown
- 2010-07-23 ZA ZA2010/05265A patent/ZA201005265B/en unknown
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2017
- 2017-01-10 HR HRP20170032TT patent/HRP20170032T1/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
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EP0922716A1 (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 1999-06-16 | Clariant GmbH | Process for the manufacture of terpolymers of ethylene and their use as additives to mineral oil and mineral oil distillates |
EP1391498A1 (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2004-02-25 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Fluidity improver and fuel oil composition |
WO2004106471A1 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-09 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel compound exhibiting improved cold flow properties |
WO2005054314A2 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2005-06-16 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel oil compositions with improved cold flow properties |
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