FR2895488A1 - Compressed gas e.g. inflammable gas, reservoir emptying device for e.g. tourism vehicle, has pyrotechnic caps connected to inflammable mesh rolled around reservoir or arranged near reservoir, such that mesh is flamed and consumed - Google Patents
Compressed gas e.g. inflammable gas, reservoir emptying device for e.g. tourism vehicle, has pyrotechnic caps connected to inflammable mesh rolled around reservoir or arranged near reservoir, such that mesh is flamed and consumed Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2895488A1 FR2895488A1 FR0554061A FR0554061A FR2895488A1 FR 2895488 A1 FR2895488 A1 FR 2895488A1 FR 0554061 A FR0554061 A FR 0554061A FR 0554061 A FR0554061 A FR 0554061A FR 2895488 A1 FR2895488 A1 FR 2895488A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- reservoir
- tank
- wick
- gas
- mesh
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
- F17C13/123—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for gas bottles, cylinders or reservoirs for tank vehicles or for railway tank wagons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
- F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0311—Closure means
- F17C2205/0314—Closure means breakable, e.g. with burst discs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0311—Closure means
- F17C2205/0317—Closure means fusing or melting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
- F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
- F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
- F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
- F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/021—Avoiding over pressurising
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
- F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
- F17C2270/0178—Cars
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lighters Containing Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DISPOSITIF DE SECURITE ASSURANT LA VIDANGE D'UN RESERVOIR CONTENANT UN GAZSAFETY DEVICE FOR DRAINING A RESERVOIR CONTAINING A GAS
COMPRIMECOMPRESSED
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de vidange d'urgence d'un réservoir, notamment un réservoir embarqué dans un véhicule, contenant un gaz sous pression, notamment un gaz inflammable. The present invention relates to a device for emergency emptying of a tank, in particular a tank embedded in a vehicle, containing a gas under pressure, in particular a flammable gas.
Dans le but de limiter les émissions de polluants et de gaz à effet de serre, de plus en plus de véhicules utilisent des carburants gazeux, comme par exemple le gaz naturel véhicule (GNV) ou le gaz de pétrole liquéfié (GPL), ou encore l'hydrogène. Lorsque ces carburants sont utilisés dans des véhicules, et plus particulièrement les véhicules de tourisme, le stockage doit être effectué sous pression dans un réservoir adapté afin de pourvoir conserver une quantité de gaz importante dans un volume raisonnable (sous forme liquide pour le GPL et sous forme gazeuse pour le GNV), afin de concilier autonomie du véhicule et volume acceptable du réservoir. En revanche, le stockage du gaz à une pression pouvant atteindre 200 bars engendre de forts risques d'explosion lorsque se déclare un incendie dans un, ou à proximité d'un, véhicule équipé d'un tel réservoir. En effet le réservoir est par nécessité parfaitement étanche, et, sous l'action d'un incendie, directement par les flammes ou indirectement par la forte chaleur dégagée, la pression interne du réservoir augmente très vite jusqu'à l'explosion de celui-ci, avec de graves conséquences. Pour diminuer les risques d'explosion, ces réservoirs sont aujourd'hui équipés de systèmes de sécurité permettant de dépressuriser le réservoir en assurant la vidange rapide de ce dernier en cas d'incendie ou de très haute température. Dans la plupart des cas, le gaz ainsi libéré s'enflamme au contact de l'incendie, mais cette issue est préférable car moins destructrice qu'une explosion. Actuellement, les systèmes de sécurité équipant les réservoirs de gaz utilisent soit une soupape, soit un élément de rupture, soit un fusible thermique. Or, si les systèmes actuels diminuent effectivement les risques d'explosion, ils ne les suppriment pas totalement. In order to limit emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases, more and more vehicles use gaseous fuels, such as natural gas (CNG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or hydrogen. When these fuels are used in vehicles, especially passenger vehicles, the storage must be carried out under pressure in a suitable tank in order to be able to keep a large quantity of gas in a reasonable volume (in liquid form for LPG and under gaseous form for the CNG), in order to reconcile the autonomy of the vehicle and the acceptable volume of the tank. On the other hand, storing the gas at a pressure of up to 200 bar creates a high risk of explosion when a fire breaks out in or near a vehicle equipped with such a tank. Indeed the tank is of necessity perfectly sealed, and, under the action of a fire, directly by the flames or indirectly by the strong heat released, the internal pressure of the tank increases very quickly until the explosion of this- here, with serious consequences. To reduce the risk of explosion, these tanks are now equipped with safety systems to depressurize the tank by ensuring the rapid emptying of the latter in case of fire or very high temperature. In most cases, the gas thus released ignites in contact with the fire, but this issue is preferable because less destructive than an explosion. Currently, the safety systems fitted to the gas tanks use either a valve or a rupture element, or a thermal fuse. However, while current systems effectively reduce the risk of explosion, they do not completely eliminate them.
En effet, les dispositifs connus présentent une certaine inertie, ou encore ils réagissent uniquement lorsqu'ils sont directement soumis à l'action des flammes, provoquant dans tous les cas une vidange trop tardive, ce qui peut entraîner une rupture du réservoir et son explosion. C'est particulièrement le cas des dispositifs utilisant un fusible thermique : si les flammes d'un incendie attaquent le réservoir à l'extrémité opposée de celle où est disposé le fusible, l'explosion peut dans certaines condition se produire malgré tout car le réservoir atteint sa pression critique avant que la chaleur n'ait fait déclenché le fusible. L'invention a pour but d'assurer le déclenchement du système de sécurité avec une fiabilité proche de 100% pour toute attaque au feu en n'importe quel endroit du réservoir ou proche de celui ci. Indeed, the known devices have a certain inertia, or they react only when they are directly subjected to the action of flames, causing in all cases a too late emptying, which can cause a rupture of the tank and its explosion . This is particularly the case for devices using a thermal fuse: if the flames of a fire attack the tank at the opposite end of the one where the fuse is located, the explosion may in certain conditions occur despite the fact that the tank reaches its critical pressure before the heat fires the fuse. The invention aims to ensure the triggering of the security system with a reliability close to 100% for any fire attack anywhere in the tank or close to it.
Ainsi l'invention concerne un dispositif de sécurité assurant la vidange d'un réservoir contenant un gaz comprimé, notamment un gaz inflammable, la vidange du réservoir étant commandée par au moins un moyen de mise à l'air libre du réservoir, chaque moyen de mise à l'air libre étant déclenché par une amorce pyrotechnique située à proximité, chaque amorce pyrotechnique étant reliée à une mèche inflammable enroulée autour du réservoir ou disposée à proximité de celui-ci, de manière que lorsqu'une partie du réservoir ou de l'environnement du réservoir est soumise à l'action d'un incendie, la mèche s'enflamme et se consume, puis allume l'amorce pyrotechnique à laquelle elle est reliée, ce qui entraîne le déclenchement du moyen de mise à l'air libre du réservoir et ainsi la vidange du réservoir. Ainsi, un dispositif selon l'invention agit dès qu'un incendie se propage à proximité du réservoir, quelle que soit la partie du réservoir touchée en premier, libérant rapidement le gaz stocké dans ce réservoir avant même que la chaleur n'affecte la tenue du réservoir. On diminue ainsi le risque d'explosion. Le dispositif selon l'invention réagit donc plus tôt qu'un dispositif classique, et, dans certains cas, le dispositif permet même que le gaz s'échappe sans s'enflammer car le moyen de mise à l'air libre est déclenché alors que les flammes sont encore éloignées de l'endroit du réservoir d'où s'échappe le gaz. Thus, the invention relates to a safety device ensuring the emptying of a tank containing a compressed gas, in particular a flammable gas, the emptying of the tank being controlled by at least one means of venting the reservoir, each means of venting is triggered by a pyrotechnic primer located nearby, each pyrotechnic primer being connected to a flammable wick wound around the reservoir or disposed in the vicinity thereof, so that when a portion of the reservoir or the the environment of the tank is subjected to the action of a fire, the wick ignites and is consumed, then ignites the pyrotechnic primer to which it is connected, which causes the triggering of the means of venting tank and thus emptying the tank. Thus, a device according to the invention acts as soon as a fire is propagated near the tank, whatever part of the tank hit first, quickly releasing the gas stored in the tank before the heat does not affect the holding of the tank. This reduces the risk of explosion. The device according to the invention therefore reacts earlier than a conventional device, and in some cases the device even allows the gas to escape without igniting because the venting means is triggered while the flames are still far from the place of the tank from which the gas escapes.
Un avantage d'un dispositif selon l'invention est qu'il ne nécessite aucune énergie extérieure autre que son énergie intrinsèque. En effet l'embrasement de la mèche se déclenche sous une action extérieure et se propage instantanément jusqu'à l'action finale de déclenchement du moyen de mise à l'air libre du réservoir. Selon une réalisation, le réservoir est embarqué dans un véhicule. Selon une réalisation, la mèche est logée dans une gaine. An advantage of a device according to the invention is that it does not require any external energy other than its intrinsic energy. Indeed the ignition of the wick is triggered under an external action and spreads instantly to the final action of triggering the means for venting the tank. In one embodiment, the tank is embedded in a vehicle. In one embodiment, the wick is housed in a sheath.
Selon une réalisation, la gaine se dégrade sous l'action d'une flamme, où à une température déterminée, par exemple 250 C. Selon une réalisation, la mèche est soit fixée sur le réservoir, par exemple par collage, soit insérée dans une couche 35 superficielle du réservoir. According to one embodiment, the sheath is degraded under the action of a flame, or at a predetermined temperature, for example 250 C. According to one embodiment, the wick is either fixed to the reservoir, for example by gluing, or inserted into a superficial layer of the reservoir.
Selon une réalisation, la composition de la mèche est telle qu'elle détermine la température d'ignition, par exemple de l'ordre de 400 C. Selon une réalisation, la composition de la mèche est telle qu'elle détermine la vitesse de combustion déterminée. Selon une réalisation, le moyen de mise à l'air libre du réservoir comprend une vanne dont l'ouverture est actionnée par un fusible thermique se déclenchant à une température prédéterminée, par exemple comprise entre 150 C et 250 C. According to one embodiment, the composition of the wick is such that it determines the ignition temperature, for example of the order of 400 C. In one embodiment, the composition of the wick is such that it determines the rate of combustion determined. According to one embodiment, the means for venting the reservoir comprises a valve whose opening is actuated by a thermal fuse triggering at a predetermined temperature, for example between 150 C and 250 C.
Selon une réalisation, le moyen de mise à l'air libre comprend un opercule obturant un conduit, l'ouverture de l'opercule étant déclenchée par l'amorce pyrotechnique. Selon une réalisation, le moyen de mise à l'air libre comprend un conduit tel qu'il permet la vidange du réservoir à distance du corps du réservoir, diminuant ainsi le risque d'inflammation du gaz au contact des flammes. L'invention concerne également un réservoir destiné à contenir un gaz comprimé, équipé d'un tel dispositif de sécurité. According to one embodiment, the venting means comprises a seal closing a conduit, the opening of the seal being triggered by the pyrotechnic primer. According to one embodiment, the venting means comprises a conduit such that it allows the tank to be emptied at a distance from the tank body, thereby reducing the risk of ignition of the gas in contact with the flames. The invention also relates to a reservoir for containing a compressed gas, equipped with such a safety device.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront avec la description de certains de ses modes de réalisation considérés à titre non limitatif, celle-ci étant effectuée en se référant aux dessins ci-annexés, sur lesquels : û La figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'un dispositif selon l'invention équipant un réservoir cylindrique. La figure 2 représente une vue en perspective d'un dispositif selon l'invention équipant un réservoir de forme parallélépipédique. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent with the description of certain of its embodiments considered in a non-limiting manner, this being done with reference to the attached drawings, in which: FIG. perspective view of a device according to the invention equipping a cylindrical tank. FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of a device according to the invention equipping a parallelepiped-shaped tank.
Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1, un réservoir cylindrique 10, de section sensiblement circulaire, est embarqué dans un véhicule. Le réservoir, réalisé en métal ou en matériau composite, contient le carburant nécessaire au fonctionnement du moteur du véhicule. Le carburant est un gaz comprimé, comme par exemple du gaz naturel véhicule (GNV) ou du gaz de pétrole liquéfié (GPL), ou encore de l'hydrogène. La pression interne du réservoir atteint plusieurs centaines de bars. Une vanne de sécurité 12 solidaire du réservoir 10 est destinée à assurer la vidange du réservoir en cas d'incendie. La vanne 12 est pourvue d'un fusible thermique 14 dont le déclenchement, c'est-à-dire la fusion du matériau constituant ce fusible à une température déterminée, par exemple 150 C, provoque l'ouverture de la vanne 12. Une amorce pyrotechnique 16 est située à proximité du fusible, l'allumage de l'amorce pyrotechnique 16 dégageant la chaleur nécessaire pour déclencher le fusible thermique 14. L'amorce pyrotechnique est constituée d'une capsule à poudre noire installée sur le fusible thermique. La mise à feu de la poudre noire entraîne une élévation de température suffisante pour faire fondre n'importe quel fusible thermique dont la température de fusion se situe entre 150 C et 250 C. L'amorce pyrotechnique est connectée à une mèche 18 qui, une fois enflammée et consumée, déclenche l'amorce pyrotechnique 16. In the example shown in Figure 1, a cylindrical tank 10, of substantially circular section, is embedded in a vehicle. The tank, made of metal or composite material, contains the fuel required for the operation of the vehicle engine. Fuel is a compressed gas, such as natural gas (CNG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or hydrogen. The internal pressure of the tank reaches several hundred bars. A safety valve 12 integral with the tank 10 is intended to ensure the emptying of the tank in case of fire. The valve 12 is provided with a thermal fuse 14 whose trigger, that is to say the melting of the material constituting the fuse at a predetermined temperature, for example 150 C, causes the opening of the valve 12. A primer pyrotechnic 16 is located near the fuse, the ignition of the pyrotechnic primer 16 releasing the heat necessary to trigger the thermal fuse 14. The pyrotechnic primer consists of a black powder capsule installed on the thermal fuse. The firing of the black powder causes a rise in temperature sufficient to melt any thermal fuse whose melting temperature is between 150 C and 250 C. The pyrotechnic primer is connected to a wick 18 which, a once ignited and consumed, triggers the pyrotechnic primer 16.
La mèche 18 est dans l'exemple enroulée autour du réservoir 10, avec un pas p entre deux enroulements. Plus la valeur de p est faible, plus les enroulements sont resserrés et plus le dispositif sera réactif en cas d'incendie, car la mèche couvre une surface d'autant plus importante sur le réservoir. The wick 18 is in the example wound around the tank 10, with a pitch p between two windings. The lower the value of p, the more the windings are tightened and the more the device will be reactive in the event of fire, because the wick covers a larger surface area on the tank.
Dans le cas d'un réservoir en matériau composite, la mèche peut être noyée dans le réservoir, notamment disposée sous l'une quelconque des couches externes lors la fabrication du réservoir composite. La mèche peut également être disposée à proximité du réservoir ou dans un endroit quelconque du compartiment où est logé le réservoir, permettant ainsi de sécuriser ce compartiment. La mèche comprend un mélange de poudres et un liant pyrotechnique. Sa composition peut varier en fonction des caractéristiques que l'on désire obtenir : on peut par exemple déterminer la vitesse de combustion de la mèche ou la température à laquelle celleci prend feu. Dans la plupart des cas, on souhaitera obtenir une vitesse de combustion importante, car de celle-ci dépend le temps de réponse du dispositif de sécurité. In the case of a tank of composite material, the wick may be embedded in the tank, in particular arranged under any of the outer layers during the manufacture of the composite tank. The wick may also be disposed near the reservoir or in any part of the compartment where the reservoir is housed, thus making it possible to secure this compartment. The wick comprises a mixture of powders and a pyrotechnic binder. Its composition may vary depending on the characteristics that one wishes to obtain: one can for example determine the burning rate of the wick or the temperature at which it catches fire. In most cases, it will be desirable to obtain a high rate of combustion, since this depends on the response time of the safety device.
La mèche 18 est contenue dans une gaine 20 (non représentée) qui permet d'éviter le délitement des poudres et de protéger la mèche 18 de l'humidité. La gaine 20 permet également d'assurer la continuité de la combustion de la mèche 18, et favorise cette combustion par apport de l'oxygène nécessaire. La gaine peut être constituée de matériau(x) organique(s) (polyéthylène, polypropylène, PVC...) ou d'un (des) végétal(aux) tressés (s) (lin, chanvre...). La gaine est prévue pour se dégrader au contact des flammes, ou à une température déterminée, par exemple 300 C. Cette gaine, par exemple en polyuréthane ou en silicone assure également la protection de la mèche contre les chocs. Cette disposition est très intéressante quand il s'agit de mettre en place ce dispositif sur un réservoir existant, en matériaux composites ou métallique. La mèche 18 est soit fixée sur la surface externe du réservoir 10, par exemple par collage, soit insérée dans une couche superficielle du réservoir 10, lors de sa fabrication. Lorsque qu'un incendie se propage à proximité du réservoir, quel que soit la partie touchée en premier par l'incendie, une partie de la mèche 18 s'allume, et cette mèche 18 se consume jusqu'à allumer l'amorce pyrotechnique 16, qui déclenche alors le fusible 14. La fusion du fusible 14 entraîne l'ouverture de la vanne 12. Le gaz contenu dans le réservoir s'échappe alors, faisant chuter la pression interne du réservoir, éliminant pratiquement tout risque d'explosion. Le gaz libéré peut s'enflammer au contact des flammes entourant le réservoir, mais une telle issue est évidemment moins destructrice que l'explosion du réservoir. Dans certaines configurations de l'incendie, c'est la partie du réservoir où se situe la vanne 12 et le fusible 14 qui sera touchée en premier par les flammes. Dans ce cas, le fusible se déclenche directement avant qu'il y ait allumage de la mèche 18 et de l'amorce pyrotechnique 16. Dans une variante, non représentée, le réservoir est équipé de plusieurs fusibles thermiques. Chaque fusible est alors associé à une mèche respective, chaque mèche étant connectée à une amorce pyrotechnique respective. L'exemple représenté sur la figure 2 est analogue à celui montré sur la figure 1. Il s'en distingue par le fait que le réservoir est de forme parallélépipédique. The wick 18 is contained in a sheath 20 (not shown) which makes it possible to prevent the disintegration of the powders and to protect the wick 18 from moisture. The sheath 20 also ensures the continuity of the combustion of the wick 18, and promotes this combustion by providing the necessary oxygen. The sheath may consist of organic material (s) (polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, etc.) or of a braided plant (s) (flax, hemp, etc.). The sheath is designed to degrade in contact with the flames, or at a predetermined temperature, for example 300 C. This sheath, for example polyurethane or silicone also ensures the protection of the wick against shocks. This arrangement is very interesting when it comes to implement this device on an existing tank, composite materials or metal. The wick 18 is either fixed on the outer surface of the reservoir 10, for example by gluing, or inserted into a surface layer of the reservoir 10, during its manufacture. When a fire is spreading close to the tank, whichever part is hit first by the fire, a part of the wick 18 ignites, and this wick 18 is consumed until it ignites the pyrotechnic primer. , which then triggers the fuse 14. The melting of the fuse 14 causes the valve 12 to open. The gas contained in the tank then escapes, causing the internal pressure of the tank to drop, practically eliminating any risk of explosion. The liberated gas can ignite in contact with the flames surrounding the tank, but such an outlet is obviously less destructive than the explosion of the tank. In certain configurations of the fire, it is the part of the tank where the valve 12 and the fuse 14 are located which will be hit first by the flames. In this case, the fuse is triggered directly before ignition of the wick 18 and the pyrotechnic primer 16. In a variant, not shown, the tank is equipped with several thermal fuses. Each fuse is then associated with a respective wick, each wick being connected to a respective pyrotechnic primer. The example shown in Figure 2 is similar to that shown in Figure 1. It differs in that the tank is parallelepiped shape.
En variante, le moyen de mise à l'air libre du réservoir comprend un opercule obturant un conduit. Un tel conduit peut par exemple être un insert implanté sur le réservoir. En cas d'incendie, l'opercule est ouvert par l'amorce pyrotechnique, permettant alors la vidange du réservoir. Alternatively, the means for venting the reservoir comprises a seal closing a conduit. Such a conduit may for example be an insert implanted on the reservoir. In case of fire, the seal is opened by the pyrotechnic primer, allowing the tank to be emptied.
En variante encore, un conduit de dégazage peut être adjoint au dispositif. Un tel conduit permet de faire échapper le gaz contenu dans le réservoir à bonne distance du corps du réservoir, permettant ainsi de limiter les risques d'inflammation du gaz au contact des flammes. In another variant, a degassing conduit may be added to the device. Such a conduit makes it possible to escape the gas contained in the tank at a good distance from the body of the tank, thus making it possible to limit the risks of ignition of the gas in contact with the flames.
Il est à noter que le dispositif selon l'invention peut être implanté hors réservoir, dans l'environnement immédiat du ou des réservoirs, afin de sécuriser l'ensemble du compartiment où sont disposés ces réservoirs. It should be noted that the device according to the invention can be implanted out of the tank, in the immediate environment of the tank or tanks, in order to secure the entire compartment where these tanks are arranged.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0554061A FR2895488A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Compressed gas e.g. inflammable gas, reservoir emptying device for e.g. tourism vehicle, has pyrotechnic caps connected to inflammable mesh rolled around reservoir or arranged near reservoir, such that mesh is flamed and consumed |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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FR0554061A FR2895488A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Compressed gas e.g. inflammable gas, reservoir emptying device for e.g. tourism vehicle, has pyrotechnic caps connected to inflammable mesh rolled around reservoir or arranged near reservoir, such that mesh is flamed and consumed |
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FR2895488A1 true FR2895488A1 (en) | 2007-06-29 |
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FR0554061A Pending FR2895488A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Compressed gas e.g. inflammable gas, reservoir emptying device for e.g. tourism vehicle, has pyrotechnic caps connected to inflammable mesh rolled around reservoir or arranged near reservoir, such that mesh is flamed and consumed |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2976045A1 (en) * | 2011-06-06 | 2012-12-07 | Air Liquide | PRESSURIZED FLUID RESERVOIR |
DE102013220388A1 (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2015-04-09 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Safety device of a compressed gas tank in particular of a motor vehicle |
CN111902307A (en) * | 2018-04-06 | 2020-11-06 | 宝马股份公司 | Motor vehicle having a thermally activatable pressure relief device and method for relieving pressure |
WO2021151615A1 (en) * | 2020-01-29 | 2021-08-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Compressed gas tank, fuel cell system with compressed gas tank |
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US5848604A (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 1998-12-15 | Technical Products Group, Inc. | Thermally responsive pressure relief system |
EP1239202A2 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-11 | Dynetek Industries Ltd | Remote triggering system and retrofit kit for thermal-pressure relief devices |
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US5848604A (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 1998-12-15 | Technical Products Group, Inc. | Thermally responsive pressure relief system |
EP1239202A2 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-11 | Dynetek Industries Ltd | Remote triggering system and retrofit kit for thermal-pressure relief devices |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2976045A1 (en) * | 2011-06-06 | 2012-12-07 | Air Liquide | PRESSURIZED FLUID RESERVOIR |
WO2012168606A1 (en) | 2011-06-06 | 2012-12-13 | L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Pressurized fluid tank |
DE102013220388A1 (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2015-04-09 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Safety device of a compressed gas tank in particular of a motor vehicle |
CN111902307A (en) * | 2018-04-06 | 2020-11-06 | 宝马股份公司 | Motor vehicle having a thermally activatable pressure relief device and method for relieving pressure |
US11993142B2 (en) | 2018-04-06 | 2024-05-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Motor vehicle having a pressure relief device that can be thermally activated, and method for pressure relief |
WO2021151615A1 (en) * | 2020-01-29 | 2021-08-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Compressed gas tank, fuel cell system with compressed gas tank |
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