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FR2829621A1 - Tire pressure reading antenna vehicle transmitter having small dimensions compared wavelength using small earth plane secondary earth plane large dimensions coupled forming intermediate earth plane - Google Patents

Tire pressure reading antenna vehicle transmitter having small dimensions compared wavelength using small earth plane secondary earth plane large dimensions coupled forming intermediate earth plane Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2829621A1
FR2829621A1 FR0111844A FR0111844A FR2829621A1 FR 2829621 A1 FR2829621 A1 FR 2829621A1 FR 0111844 A FR0111844 A FR 0111844A FR 0111844 A FR0111844 A FR 0111844A FR 2829621 A1 FR2829621 A1 FR 2829621A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
earth plane
ground plane
small
radiating element
antenna
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR0111844A
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French (fr)
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FR2829621B1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Lourdou
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sagem SA
Original Assignee
Sagem SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sagem SA filed Critical Sagem SA
Priority to FR0111844A priority Critical patent/FR2829621B1/en
Publication of FR2829621A1 publication Critical patent/FR2829621A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2829621B1 publication Critical patent/FR2829621B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
    • B60C23/0422Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver characterised by the type of signal transmission means
    • B60C23/0433Radio signals
    • B60C23/0435Vehicle body mounted circuits, e.g. transceiver or antenna fixed to central console, door, roof, mirror or fender
    • B60C23/0444Antenna structures, control or arrangements thereof, e.g. for directional antennas, diversity antenna, antenna multiplexing or antennas integrated in fenders
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3291Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted in or on other locations inside the vehicle or vehicle body
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/005Patch antenna using one or more coplanar parasitic elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The antenna radiating element (6) has a small dimension with respect to a wavelength earth plane (5) and coupled to a secondary earth plane (9,1) of large dimensions. The earth coupling allows a large size intermediate earth plane to be created.

Description

<Desc/Clms Page number 1> <Desc / Clms Page number 1>

Le domaine de l'invention est celui des antennes à élément rayonnant relié à un plan de masse, destinées à fonctionner dans des plages de fréquences relativement basses, par exemple de 20 MHz à 10 GHz, à la rigueur 100 MHz à 1 GHz, comme on en utilise notamment sur des véhicules (terrestres ou aériens), par exemple pour transmettre au calculateur de bord les données des capteurs de pression des pneumatiques des roues, mais de petites dimensions par rapport à la longueur d'onde. The field of the invention is that of radiating element antennas connected to a ground plane, intended to operate in relatively low frequency ranges, for example from 20 MHz to 10 GHz, strictly speaking 100 MHz to 1 GHz, such as it is used in particular on vehicles (land or air), for example to transmit to the on-board computer the data of the pressure sensors of the tires of the wheels, but of small dimensions compared to the wavelength.

Or le rendement de telles antennes dépend directement de la surface de leur plan de masse. Plus elles sont petites, moins leur rendement est bon. A 434 MHz, par exemple, l'idéal serait d'avoir un plan de masse de Â/4 de côté ou de diamètre, soit environ 20 cm, ce qui n'est pas possible. However, the performance of such antennas depends directly on the surface of their ground plane. The smaller they are, the poorer their yield. At 434 MHz, for example, the ideal would be to have a ground plane of  / 4 side or diameter, or about 20 cm, which is not possible.

Voilà donc le problème posé que la demanderesse s'est attachée à résoudre et qui lui fait aujourd'hui proposer son invention. This, then, is the problem posed that the plaintiff sought to solve and which today makes it propose its invention.

L'invention concerne ainsi une antenne à élément rayonnant relié à un plan de masse de petites dimensions par rapport à la longueur d'onde, caractérisée par le fait que le plan de masse relié à l'élément rayonnant est couplé à un plan de masse secondaire de plus grandes dimensions créant pour l'élément rayonnant un plan de masse équivalent intermédiaire. The invention thus relates to an antenna with a radiating element connected to a ground plane of small dimensions relative to the wavelength, characterized in that the ground plane connected to the radiating element is coupled to a ground plane. secondary of larger dimensions creating for the radiating element an intermediate equivalent ground plane.

Ainsi, on a fait croître par couplage la surface du plan de masse et donc le rendement de l'antenne. On l'a également augmenté, du fait que, quand ce grand plan de masse secondaire métallique est naturellement présent, le petit plan de masse auquel est effectivement relié l'élément rayonnant forme écran entre cet élément rayonnant et le grand plan de masse secondaire pour diminuer le couplage entre eux, préjudiciable au rendement. Thus, the area of the ground plane and therefore the efficiency of the antenna was increased by coupling. It has also been increased, because, when this large metallic secondary ground plane is naturally present, the small ground plane to which the radiating element is effectively connected forms a screen between this radiating element and the large secondary mass plane for decrease the coupling between them, detrimental to performance.

Dans le cas d'un capteur de pression de pneumatique et donc d'une antenne d'émission, le plan de masse secondaire peut comporter le fond de l'évidement de la jante de roue. In the case of a tire pressure sensor and therefore of a transmitting antenna, the secondary ground plane may comprise the bottom of the recess of the wheel rim.

Pour reprendre l'exemple évoqué ci-dessus, à 434 MHz, un fonctionnement correct de l'antenne de l'invention est obtenu avec un petit plan de masse auquel est relié l'élément rayonnant d'une surface de 40 x 25 mm. To use the example mentioned above, at 434 MHz, correct operation of the antenna of the invention is obtained with a small ground plane to which the radiating element with a surface of 40 × 25 mm is connected.

Dans le cas d'une antenne de réception de données pour le calculateur d'habitacle, le plan de masse secondaire peut comporter le toît du véhicule. In the case of a data reception antenna for the passenger compartment computer, the secondary ground plane may include the roof of the vehicle.

<Desc/Clms Page number 2><Desc / Clms Page number 2>

Dans la forme de réalisation préférée de l'antenne de l'invention, l'élément rayonnant est un élément conducteur, un fil ou un ruban, enroulé en spirale, l'antenne étant ainsi de type sabre enroulé. Ainsi, l'élément rayonnant peut avoir une longueur de /4, mais dans un encombrement beaucoup plus faible, comme on l'a vu plus haut.  In the preferred embodiment of the antenna of the invention, the radiating element is a conductive element, a wire or a ribbon, wound in a spiral, the antenna thus being of the wound saber type. Thus, the radiating element can have a length of / 4, but in a much smaller footprint, as we saw above.

De préférence, le plan de masse auquel est relié l'élément rayonnant et le plan de masse secondaire sont couplés par effet capacitif, avantageusement, dans des conditions de rayonnement monodirectionnel en cas d'antenne d'émission, de rayonnement omnidirectionnel, en cas d'antenne de réception. Preferably, the ground plane to which the radiating element is connected and the secondary ground plane are coupled by capacitive effect, advantageously, under conditions of unidirectional radiation in the case of transmitting antenna, of omnidirectional radiation, in the event of 'reception antenna.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description suivante de deux formes de réalisation de l'antenne de l'invention, en référence au dessin annexé, sur lequel - la figure 1 est une vue en perspective de l'antenne, utilisée en émission pour un capteur de pression de pneumatique de véhicule automobile et - la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de l'antenne, dans une forme de réalisation double, utilisée en réception pour discriminer les capteurs de pression des roues d'un véhicule automobile. The invention will be better understood using the following description of two embodiments of the antenna of the invention, with reference to the appended drawing, in which - FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the antenna, used in transmission for a tire pressure sensor of a motor vehicle and - Figure 2 is a perspective view of the antenna, in a double embodiment, used in reception to discriminate the pressure sensors of the wheels of a vehicle automobile.

Schématiquement, la jante métallique d'une roue de véhicule automobile est constituée de deux disques 1, 2, avec un évidemment central cylindrique 3 sur chacun, réunis par une bande torique 4. Schematically, the metal rim of a motor vehicle wheel consists of two discs 1, 2, with a central cylindrical recess 3 on each, joined by an O-ring strip 4.

Dans l'évidemment central 3 du disque externe 1 de la jante, on a placé, pour être associée à un capteur de pression, non représenté, une antenne de type sabre enroulé, avec son plan de masse 5 et l'élément rayonnant 6 ici constitué d'un fil conducteur enroulé en spirale dans un plan parallèle au plan de masse 5, avec une portion de fil 7 de liaison au plan de masse qui est perpendiculaire à ce plan. A proximité de cette portion de liaison 7, en un point E, le fil enroulé est relié à un connecteur d'excitation, non représenté, par un brin 8, sensiblement parallèle à la partie de liaison 7 de l'élément rayonnant. In the central recess 3 of the outer disc 1 of the rim, there has been placed, to be associated with a pressure sensor, not shown, a wound saber type antenna, with its ground plane 5 and the radiating element 6 here. consisting of a conductive wire wound in a spiral in a plane parallel to the ground plane 5, with a portion of wire 7 connecting to the ground plane which is perpendicular to this plane. Near this connection portion 7, at a point E, the wound wire is connected to an excitation connector, not shown, by a strand 8, substantially parallel to the connection part 7 of the radiating element.

Par effet capacitif, le plan de masse 5 est couplé au fond 9 de l'évidemment 3 de la jante et finalement à une bonne partie du disque 1 de la jante, sur une surface notablement plus étendue que celle du seul petit plan de masse 5 de l'antenne. By capacitive effect, the ground plane 5 is coupled to the bottom 9 of the recess 3 of the rim and finally to a good part of the disc 1 of the rim, over a surface which is considerably larger than that of the single small ground plane 5 of the antenna.

<Desc/Clms Page number 3><Desc / Clms Page number 3>

Pour fixer les idées, le plan de masse 5, ici rectangulaire, a une surface de (40 x 25) mm2, l'élément rayonnant 6 se trouvant à une distance de ce petit plan de masse de 4 à 15 mm.  To fix the ideas, the ground plane 5, here rectangular, has a surface of (40 x 25) mm2, the radiating element 6 being at a distance from this small ground plane of 4 to 15 mm.

Le couplage du petit plan de masse 5 de l'antenne et du grand plan de masse que constitue la jante crée, pour l'élément rayonnant 6, un plan de masse équivalent, de surface intermédiaire entre celles des deux plans de masse couplés, propice à un rendement satisfaisant de l'antenne. De surcroît, le petit plan de masse 5 forme écran entre l'élément rayonnant 6 et la jante, ce qui est également propice à un bon rendement. The coupling of the small ground plane 5 of the antenna and the large ground plane that constitutes the rim creates, for the radiating element 6, an equivalent ground plane, of intermediate surface between those of the two coupled ground planes, suitable to satisfactory antenna performance. In addition, the small ground plane 5 forms a screen between the radiating element 6 and the rim, which is also conducive to good performance.

On notera que pour des raisons d'étanchéité, il n'est pas raisonnable de vouloir directement relier l'élément rayonnant à la jante pour faire de celleci l'unique plan de masse de l'antenne, de grandes dimensions. It will be noted that for sealing reasons, it is not reasonable to want to directly connect the radiating element to the rim to make it the sole ground plane of the antenna, of large dimensions.

De façon simple, l'ensemble de l'antenne, avec son plan de masse et son élément rayonnant, est disposé dans un boîtier monté sur le disque de jante par l'intermédiaire d'un goujon fixé et à la jante et au boîtier, les isolements nécessaires étant naturellement ménagés. In a simple manner, the whole of the antenna, with its ground plane and its radiating element, is arranged in a box mounted on the rim disc by means of a stud fixed to the rim and to the box, the necessary isolations are naturally provided.

Le dessin de la figure 2 illustre une réalisation particulière dans laquelle deux éléments rayonnants 16,26, analogues à l'élément rayonnant 6, sont reliés à un même plan de masse 15 en étant toutefois séparés l'un de l'autre par une cloison 17 formant écran, perpendiculaire au plan 15. The drawing of FIG. 2 illustrates a particular embodiment in which two radiating elements 16, 26, similar to the radiating element 6, are connected to the same ground plane 15, however being separated from each other by a partition. 17 forming a screen, perpendicular to the plane 15.

Pour le reste et chacun des éléments rayonnants, les caractéristiques de cette antenne double sont quasiment les mêmes que celles de l'antenne simple, à la différence près que les plans de masse sont couplés pour un diagramme omnidirectionnel. Grâce à la cloison 17 d'isolement des lobes, en fait, le diagramme de rayonnement de chaque élément rayonnant ne s'étend que dans un demi-espace. For the rest and each of the radiating elements, the characteristics of this double antenna are almost the same as those of the single antenna, with the difference that the ground planes are coupled for an omnidirectional diagram. Thanks to the lobe isolation partition 17, in fact, the radiation pattern of each radiating element extends only in a half-space.

Une telle antenne double sera utilisée en antenne de réception des données de quatre capteurs de pression des quatre roues (21-24) d'un véhicule automobile, pour les discriminer les unes des autres, en décalant le plan de la cloison 17 par rapport au plan médian longitudinal 18 du véhicule, non seulement pour décaler les niveaux moyens de réception des deux roues d'un même côté, droit ou gauche, sur l'élément rayonnant correspondant- élément rayonnant droit 16 et roue avant droite 22 et roue arrière droite 24, Such a double antenna will be used as an antenna for receiving data from four pressure sensors of the four wheels (21-24) of a motor vehicle, in order to discriminate them from each other, by shifting the plane of the partition 17 relative to the longitudinal median plane 18 of the vehicle, not only for shifting the average reception levels of the two wheels on the same side, right or left, on the corresponding radiating element - right radiating element 16 and right front wheel 22 and right rear wheel 24 ,

<Desc/Clms Page number 4><Desc / Clms Page number 4>

d'une part, et élément rayonnant gauche 26 et roue avant gauche 21 et roue arrière gauche 23, d'autre part-mais pour également décaler les niveaux moyens de réception des deux roues avant ou arrière sur l'un des éléments rayonnants. Ainsi, le niveau moyen de réception du capteur de la roue avant droite 22 sur l'élément rayonnant 16 sera notablement plus élevé que le niveau moyen de réception du capteur de la roue avant gauche 21 et inversement. on the one hand, and left radiating element 26 and left front wheel 21 and left rear wheel 23, on the other hand - but also to shift the average reception levels of the two front or rear wheels on one of the radiating elements. Thus, the average level of reception of the sensor of the right front wheel 22 on the radiating element 16 will be notably higher than the average level of reception of the sensor of the left front wheel 21 and vice versa.

Claims (1)

REVENDICATIONS 1. - Antenne à élément rayonnant (6) relié à un plan de masse (5) de petites dimensions par rapport à la longueur d'onde, caractérisée par le fait que le plan de masse (5) relié à l'élément rayonnant (6) est couplé à un plan de masse secondaire (9, 1) de plus grandes dimensions créant pour l'élément rayonnant (6) un plan de masse équivalent intermédiaire.  CLAIMS 1. - Antenna with radiating element (6) connected to a ground plane (5) of small dimensions compared to the wavelength, characterized in that the ground plane (5) connected to the radiating element (6) is coupled to a secondary ground plane (9, 1) of larger dimensions creating for the radiating element (6) an intermediate equivalent ground plane. 2.-Antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le plan de masse secondaire comporte le fond (9) de l'évidemment (3) de la jante (1, 2) d'une roue de véhicule automobile.  2. Antenna according to claim 1, in which the secondary ground plane comprises the bottom (9) of the recess (3) of the rim (1, 2) of a motor vehicle wheel. 3.-Antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le plan de masse secondaire comporte le toît d'un véhicule automobile.  3. Antenna according to claim 1, in which the secondary ground plane comprises the roof of a motor vehicle. 4.-Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle l'élément rayonnant (6) est un élément enroulé en spirale conférant à l'antenne un type sabre enroulé.  4.-antenna according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the radiating element (6) is a spirally wound element giving the antenna a wound saber type. 5.-Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle le plan de masse (5) auquel est relié l'élément rayonnant (6) et le plan de masse secondaire (9) sont couplés par effet capacitif.  5.-antenna according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ground plane (5) to which is connected the radiating element (6) and the secondary ground plane (9) are coupled by capacitive effect. 6.-Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle au plan de masse (15) sont reliés deux éléments rayonnants (16,26) séparés par une cloison (17) d'isolement de lobes. 6.-antenna according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the ground plane (15) are connected two radiating elements (16,26) separated by a partition (17) for lobe isolation.
FR0111844A 2001-09-13 2001-09-13 ANTENNA WITH RADIATION ELEMENT TO A MASS PLAN, SMALL DIMENSIONS WITH RESPECT TO WAVE LENGTH Expired - Fee Related FR2829621B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0111844A FR2829621B1 (en) 2001-09-13 2001-09-13 ANTENNA WITH RADIATION ELEMENT TO A MASS PLAN, SMALL DIMENSIONS WITH RESPECT TO WAVE LENGTH

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FR0111844A FR2829621B1 (en) 2001-09-13 2001-09-13 ANTENNA WITH RADIATION ELEMENT TO A MASS PLAN, SMALL DIMENSIONS WITH RESPECT TO WAVE LENGTH

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8857904B2 (en) * 2010-12-15 2014-10-14 Fachhochschule Kaiserslautern Head-rest of a vehicle seat

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4089005A (en) * 1977-01-10 1978-05-09 Motorola, Inc. Dual frequency antenna
DE3027059A1 (en) * 1980-07-17 1982-02-11 Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, 8000 München Vehicle tyre pressure monitor - has screw=in sensor with fixed coil inside wheel rim
US5896104A (en) * 1991-09-04 1999-04-20 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha FM radar system
US6115001A (en) * 1997-08-02 2000-09-05 Mazda Motor Corporation Antenna device
WO2001056814A1 (en) * 2000-02-03 2001-08-09 Transense Technologies Plc Improved monitoring system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4089005A (en) * 1977-01-10 1978-05-09 Motorola, Inc. Dual frequency antenna
DE3027059A1 (en) * 1980-07-17 1982-02-11 Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, 8000 München Vehicle tyre pressure monitor - has screw=in sensor with fixed coil inside wheel rim
US5896104A (en) * 1991-09-04 1999-04-20 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha FM radar system
US6115001A (en) * 1997-08-02 2000-09-05 Mazda Motor Corporation Antenna device
WO2001056814A1 (en) * 2000-02-03 2001-08-09 Transense Technologies Plc Improved monitoring system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8857904B2 (en) * 2010-12-15 2014-10-14 Fachhochschule Kaiserslautern Head-rest of a vehicle seat

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