FR2816612A1 - Fabrication of construction elements using meal from the crushing and drying of animal carcasses and/or animal waste as the granular charge - Google Patents
Fabrication of construction elements using meal from the crushing and drying of animal carcasses and/or animal waste as the granular charge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2816612A1 FR2816612A1 FR0014987A FR0014987A FR2816612A1 FR 2816612 A1 FR2816612 A1 FR 2816612A1 FR 0014987 A FR0014987 A FR 0014987A FR 0014987 A FR0014987 A FR 0014987A FR 2816612 A1 FR2816612 A1 FR 2816612A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- animal
- mold
- plaster
- carcasses
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000010868 animal carcass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102000029797 Prion Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108091000054 Prion Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000014644 Brain disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032274 Encephalopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/02—Selection of the hardening environment
- C04B40/0259—Hardening promoted by a rise in pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/18—Waste materials; Refuse organic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
<Desc/Clms Page number 1> <Desc / Clms Page number 1>
Fabrication d'éléments de construction L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'éléments de construction, utilisables notamment pour la construction de bâtiments et d'édifices divers, et elle concerne également les éléments de construction obtenus par ce procédé. Manufacturing of building elements The invention relates to a method of manufacturing building elements, usable in particular for the construction of buildings and various edifices, and it also relates to the building elements obtained by this process.
On connaît déjà, par les documents WO-A-88/03916 et WO-A-92/20502, un procédé de fabrication de blocs de construction, qui consiste pour l'essentiel à placer dans un moule un mélange de plâtre, d'une charge granulaire telle que du sable et d'eau, à tasser le mélange dans le moule pour évacuer l'air et l'eau en excès contenus dans le mélange et à s'opposer ensuite à une augmentation du volume du mélange dans le moule pendant au moins une partie de la durée de l'hydratation du plâtre, puis à démouler le bloc de construction ainsi obtenu. Already known from documents WO-A-88/03916 and WO-A-92/20502, a method of manufacturing building blocks, which essentially consists in placing in a mold a mixture of plaster, a granular filler such as sand and water, compacting the mixture in the mold to evacuate the air and excess water contained in the mixture and then opposing an increase in the volume of the mixture in the mold during at least part of the duration of the hydration of the plaster, then demolding the building block thus obtained.
Dans ce procédé, l'expansion volumique du plâtre qui résulte naturellement de son hydratation, est contrariée et ne peut se produire, ce qui se traduit par une densification et une réorientation du réseau cristallin du plâtre. La durée de cette phase d'expansion contrariée est de quelques minutes et varie avec la température et le type de plâtre utilisé. In this process, the volume expansion of the plaster which results naturally from its hydration, is thwarted and cannot occur, which results in a densification and a reorientation of the crystal network of the plaster. The duration of this phase of thwarted expansion is a few minutes and varies with the temperature and the type of plaster used.
La charge granulaire utilisée dans le mélange est en général du sable de qualité quelconque, mais peut être remplacée par n'importe quel matériau granulaire non compressible, qui est chimiquement inerte vis-à-vis du plâtre. The granular filler used in the mixture is generally sand of any quality, but can be replaced by any non-compressible granular material, which is chemically inert with regard to plaster.
Les blocs de construction qui sont obtenus par exécution de ce procédé ont des qualités remarquables : The building blocks which are obtained by carrying out this process have remarkable qualities:
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une résistance à la compression qui peut atteindre plusieurs centaines de kg/cm2, une dureté équivalente à celle de la pierre tendre, une bonne résistance à l'humidité et au gel, et une précision dimensionnelle de l'ordre du dixième de millimètre, ce qui permet de construire des parois et des murs avec ces blocs en les montant directement les uns sur les autres, sans interposition de joints entre les blocs, et sans qu'il soit nécessaire de recouvrir la paroi par une peinture ou par un enduit, les blocs de construction ayant l'aspect et le fini de blocs de pierre de taille.
a compressive strength which can reach several hundred kg / cm2, a hardness equivalent to that of soft stone, good resistance to humidity and frost, and dimensional accuracy of the order of a tenth of a millimeter, which makes it possible to construct walls and walls with these blocks by mounting them directly one on the other, without interposition of joints between the blocks, and without it being necessary to cover the wall with a paint or a coating, the building blocks with the appearance and finish of cut stone blocks.
En outre, ces blocs sont manipulables et utilisables en construction dès leur démoulage et sans aucun séchage. In addition, these blocks can be handled and used in construction as soon as they are removed from the mold and without any drying.
Il en résulte une économie de construction considérable, aussi bien en temps qu'en qualification de main-d'oeuvre. This results in a considerable saving in construction, both in terms of time and skill.
La présente invention a essentiellement pour objet des perfectionnements à ce procédé connu. The present invention essentially relates to improvements to this known process.
Elle propose donc un procédé de fabrication d'un élément de construction, consistant à placer dans un moule un mélange de plâtre, d'une charge granulaire et d'eau, à tasser le mélange dans le moule pour évacuer l'air et l'eau en excès contenus dans le mélange, à s'opposer à une augmentation du volume du mélange dans le moule pendant au moins une partie de la durée de l'hydratation du plâtre, puis à démouler l'élément de construction ainsi obtenu, caractérisé en ce que la charge granulaire du mélange comprend une matière obtenue par traitement de carcasses animales et/ou de déchets animaux. It therefore proposes a method of manufacturing a building element, consisting in placing in a mold a mixture of plaster, a granular filler and water, packing the mixture in the mold to evacuate the air and the excess water contained in the mixture, to oppose an increase in the volume of the mixture in the mold for at least part of the duration of the hydration of the plaster, then to demold the construction element thus obtained, characterized in that the granular charge of the mixture comprises a material obtained by treatment of animal carcasses and / or animal waste.
<Desc/Clms Page number 3> <Desc / Clms Page number 3>
En particulier, cette matière peut être obtenue par broyage et séchage de carcasses animales et/ou de déchets animaux. In particular, this material can be obtained by grinding and drying animal carcasses and / or animal waste.
Elle peut notamment comprendre des farines animales. It can in particular include animal meal.
L'utilisation de ces farines, qui était jusqu'à présent autorisée pour l'alimentation du bétail, risque d'être interdite en raison des possibilités de contamination du bétail par des prions et de la transmission de la maladie de la vache folle (encéphalopathie spongiforme bovine). Cette interdiction pose le problème de l'utilisation des stocks existants de farines animales et des stocks futurs résultant du traitement des carcasses animales et des déchets animaux. The use of these flours, which was previously authorized for animal feed, may be prohibited due to the possibility of contamination of livestock with prions and the transmission of mad cow disease (encephalopathy bovine spongiform). This prohibition poses the problem of the use of existing stocks of animal meal and future stocks resulting from the processing of animal carcasses and animal waste.
Une solution connue consiste à utiliser ces farines comme combustible dans des cimenteries. A known solution consists in using these flours as fuel in cement factories.
Toutefois, même si l'on accepte de transformer toutes les cimenteries existantes pour qu'elles puissent utiliser des farines animales comme combustible, la demande restera toujours très inférieure à l'offre, et il se constituera chaque année en France des stocks de plusieurs centaines de milliers de tonnes de farines animales dont on ne sait que faire. However, even if we agree to transform all existing cement factories so that they can use animal meal as fuel, demand will always remain far below supply, and stocks of several hundred will be built up each year in France thousands of tons of animal meal that we don't know what to do with.
La présente invention permet d'apporter une solution à ce problème, en utilisant ces farines animales ou d'autres matières du même type comme charge granulaire mélangée à du plâtre et à de l'eau dans le procédé précité de fabrication d'éléments de construction. The present invention makes it possible to provide a solution to this problem, by using these animal meal or other materials of the same type as granular filler mixed with plaster and water in the aforementioned method of manufacturing building elements. .
Ce procédé présente l'avantage que les matières constitutives des éléments de construction sont soumises, pendant le moulage, à des pressions qui dépassent 40 à 50 kg/cm2, et qui peuvent atteindre 100 kg/cm2 environ, ce qui se traduit par la This method has the advantage that the materials of the building elements are subjected, during molding, to pressures which exceed 40 to 50 kg / cm2, and which can reach approximately 100 kg / cm2, which results in the
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destruction totale des prions et de n'importe quels autres micro-organismes, bactéries, virus, etc. qui pourraient être contenus dans le mélange moulé. total destruction of prions and any other microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, etc. which could be contained in the molded mixture.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, ce procédé consiste à fermer le moule et à le verrouiller en position de fermeture pendant l'hydratation du plâtre, puis à autoriser le déverrouillage du moule quand la pression à l'intérieur du moule atteint une valeur minimale prédéterminée. According to another characteristic of the invention, this method consists in closing the mold and locking it in the closed position during hydration of the plaster, then in authorizing the unlocking of the mold when the pressure inside the mold reaches a value predetermined minimum.
On assure ainsi que les éléments constitutifs du mélange ont été soumis dans le moule à une pression suffisante pour détruire d'éventuels prions. This ensures that the components of the mixture have been subjected in the mold to a pressure sufficient to destroy any prions.
L'invention propose également des éléments de construction, qui sont fabriqués par moulage d'un mélange de plâtre, de charge granulaire et d'eau dans un moule fermé comprenant des moyens pour s'opposer à l'augmentation de volume du mélange résultant de l'hydratation du plâtre, ces éléments étant caractérisés en ce que la charge granulaire précitée comprend une matière obtenue par traitement de carcasses et/ou de déchets animaux, telle par exemple qu'une farine animale. The invention also provides construction elements, which are produced by molding a mixture of plaster, granular filler and water in a closed mold comprising means for opposing the increase in volume of the mixture resulting from hydration of the plaster, these elements being characterized in that the aforementioned granular filler comprises a material obtained by treatment of carcasses and / or animal waste, such as for example an animal flour.
L'invention permet donc d'utiliser aussi bien les stocks existants de farines animales que ceux qui seront constitués à l'avenir à partir de carcasses animales et de déchets animaux. Elle permet également d'utiliser des carcasses animales qui seront soumises à un traitement comprenant au moins une opération de broyage et une opération de séchage, ainsi qu'éventuellement une opération de dégraissage. Les produits qui résultent du broyage et du séchage des carcasses animales comprennent une quantité importante de matières minérales, en particulier de phosphate de calcium. The invention therefore makes it possible to use both the existing stocks of animal meal and those which will be built up in the future from animal carcasses and animal waste. It also makes it possible to use animal carcasses which will be subjected to a treatment comprising at least one grinding operation and a drying operation, as well as possibly a degreasing operation. The products which result from the grinding and drying of animal carcasses include a significant amount of mineral matter, in particular calcium phosphate.
<Desc/Clms Page number 5> <Desc / Clms Page number 5>
Cette matière granulaire peut avoir une granulométrie équivalente, de préférence, à celle d'un sable fin pour que les éléments de construction fabriqués au moyen de cette matière aient un aspect lisse. Mais des matières ayant une granulométrie plus grossière peuvent également être utilisées. This granular material may have a particle size equivalent, preferably, to that of fine sand so that the construction elements produced by means of this material have a smooth appearance. However, materials with a coarser particle size can also be used.
Dans le procédé selon l'invention, ces matières granulaires peuvent être utilisées seules ou en mélange, dans une proportion quelconque, avec une autre matière granulaire telle que du sable ou analogue. In the process according to the invention, these granular materials can be used alone or as a mixture, in any proportion, with another granular material such as sand or the like.
Les éléments de construction ainsi obtenus présentent les mêmes qualités que ceux décrits dans ce qui précède : résistance à la compression, dureté, résistance à l'humidité et au gel, précision dimensionnelle, utilisation en construction dès leur sortie des moules et sans séchage. The construction elements thus obtained have the same qualities as those described in the foregoing: compression resistance, hardness, resistance to humidity and frost, dimensional precision, use in construction as soon as they leave the molds and without drying.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0014987A FR2816612A1 (en) | 2000-11-15 | 2000-11-15 | Fabrication of construction elements using meal from the crushing and drying of animal carcasses and/or animal waste as the granular charge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0014987A FR2816612A1 (en) | 2000-11-15 | 2000-11-15 | Fabrication of construction elements using meal from the crushing and drying of animal carcasses and/or animal waste as the granular charge |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2816612A1 true FR2816612A1 (en) | 2002-05-17 |
Family
ID=8856689
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0014987A Withdrawn FR2816612A1 (en) | 2000-11-15 | 2000-11-15 | Fabrication of construction elements using meal from the crushing and drying of animal carcasses and/or animal waste as the granular charge |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2816612A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR532358A (en) * | 1921-03-19 | 1922-02-02 | Method for using plaster | |
| FR2369505A1 (en) * | 1976-10-29 | 1978-05-26 | Perlmooser Zementwerke Ag | Utilising waste e.g. plastics, sewage and domestic refuse - by pyrolysis and using pyrolysis gases in burning furnace for building raw materials |
| US4171226A (en) * | 1972-03-09 | 1979-10-16 | Hesselgren Sven Gunnar | Method of destroying infectious material of disposable type |
| DD254575A1 (en) * | 1986-12-10 | 1988-03-02 | Bmk Ind & Hafenbau | HEAT-RESISTANT BUILDING MATERIAL REDUCED DENSITY |
| WO1988003916A1 (en) | 1986-11-27 | 1988-06-02 | Brouard Jean Charles Louis Eug | Method for fabricating a construction element with a hydraulic binder, element thus obtained and building method using such elements |
| WO1992020502A1 (en) | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-26 | Centre Scientifique Et Technique Du Batiment | Method and device for manufacturing construction blocks from a hydraulic binder such as plaster, an inert filler such as sand, and water |
-
2000
- 2000-11-15 FR FR0014987A patent/FR2816612A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR532358A (en) * | 1921-03-19 | 1922-02-02 | Method for using plaster | |
| US4171226A (en) * | 1972-03-09 | 1979-10-16 | Hesselgren Sven Gunnar | Method of destroying infectious material of disposable type |
| FR2369505A1 (en) * | 1976-10-29 | 1978-05-26 | Perlmooser Zementwerke Ag | Utilising waste e.g. plastics, sewage and domestic refuse - by pyrolysis and using pyrolysis gases in burning furnace for building raw materials |
| WO1988003916A1 (en) | 1986-11-27 | 1988-06-02 | Brouard Jean Charles Louis Eug | Method for fabricating a construction element with a hydraulic binder, element thus obtained and building method using such elements |
| DD254575A1 (en) * | 1986-12-10 | 1988-03-02 | Bmk Ind & Hafenbau | HEAT-RESISTANT BUILDING MATERIAL REDUCED DENSITY |
| WO1992020502A1 (en) | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-26 | Centre Scientifique Et Technique Du Batiment | Method and device for manufacturing construction blocks from a hydraulic binder such as plaster, an inert filler such as sand, and water |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 109, no. 12, 19 September 1988, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 97946t, D. GROKE, ET AL. page 303; XP000057431 * |
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|---|---|---|---|
| ST | Notification of lapse | ||
| ST | Notification of lapse |