FR2811121A1 - Arithmetic teaching aid comprises transparent grids with squares printed with dots signifying numerals from one to ten - Google Patents

Abstract

A teaching aid for elementary arithmetic consists of transparent grids marked with ten squares in two rows, each square being marked with dots signifying numerals between zero and ten, zero and nine, or one and ten, opaque grids marked in the same way and on which the transparent grids can be superimposed, and a calculating ruler divided into two halves with ten blank squares in each. In addition to the dots, which can be in the same or different colours, the squares can be printed with the symbols for the numerals and their names.

Description

The present invention relates to educational material for teaching

  calculus, especially the concept of simple numbers and

  basic operations of addition and subtraction.

  To this end, the invention uses, for the representation of simple numbers, supports on which are formed in juxtaposition of unit points. More precisely, the simple numbers are represented by a number of points which are marked in grids, some of which are transparent and others which are not, comprising side by side rectangular boxes squared with 10 juxtaposed tiles, on two superimposed lines, tiles with identical dimensions, in which grid boxes are successively marked from 0 to 10 points, or alternatively from 0 to 9 points, or according to another variant from 1 to 10 points,

  each point covering only a limited part of the tile.

  For the implementation of the invention, the educational teaching material preferably comprises the following elements: - transparent grids comprising side by side rectangular boxes squared with ten juxtaposed tiles, on two superimposed lines, the tiles having identical dimensions, in which boxes of the grids are successively marked from 0 to 10 points, or alternatively from 0 to 9 points, or from 1 to 10 points, each point not covering

only a limited part of the tile.

  --with an arrangement similar to the aforementioned grids, grids comprising instead of points in each tile, a fully solid tile, these grids may or may not be transparent; - non-transparent grids, for example on cardboard support, having an arrangement identical to the transparent grids which may be superimposed on them; - a calculation rule divided into two halves, of ten blank boxes each, superimposable on the boxes of the aforementioned grids, this grid being able to

be transparent or not.

  The invention and its implementation will appear more clearly with the aid of

  of the following description made with reference to the accompanying drawings

  giving only by way of example some modes of implementation.

  In the drawings: FIG. 1 shows a transparent grid designed according to the invention, comprising in the various tiles squared boxes of points whose number ranges from 0 to 10; FIG. 2 shows a grid designed according to the invention comprising instead of points in each square, a fully filled square. FIG. 3 shows another grid comprising in the various squared squares of tiles points whose number ranges from 0 to 10. ; Figure 4 shows a slide rule designed according to the invention; FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 3, the number of points contained in each box having been indicated in the margin of the box; Figure 6 shows another grid in which each box has ten points; Figure 7 shows what the back of a card as illustrated in Figure 6 can include; Figures 8,9,10 and 11 show examples of application of the

  educational material illustrated in the previous figures.

  Referring first to FIG. 1, a grid has been shown, produced on a transparent or translucent support, the grid comprising in the illustrated example eleven boxes each divided into ten tiles of dimension all equal, the eleven successive boxes comprising from O to 10 points marked in the center of each tile leaving visible a significant part of the surface of the transparent tile. As seen in the illustration, the points are successively marked on the upper line or on the lower line of each box which comprises two superimposed lines of five tiles each, going from left to right, or vice versa from the right to the left, according to the relative orientation of the support. In this way, we can see that this representation allows

  immediately to distinguish whether we are dealing with an even or odd number.

  Referring now to FIG. 2, we find, as in FIG. 1, a grid comprising eleven boxes each divided into ten tiles of dimension all equal, the eleven successive boxes comprising from 0 to 10 solid (or blackened) tiles having a layout similar to that of the points of the grid in Figure 1. In the example illustrated in Figure 2, the eleven boxes have been arranged somewhat differently from Figure 1, the least loaded boxes of full tiles being located to the right of the figure, while the boxes least loaded with dots are located on the left in Figure 1, while the box with five blackened tiles in Figure 2 is located at the same level as the box with no blackened tiles, while that in FIG. 1, it is the box which has six points which is situated at the same level as the box which has no points. As will appear below, however, these variations are not significant and do not affect the mode of use of the educational material of the invention. Referring to FIG. 3, a point map of the invention is illustrated very similar to that of FIG. 1. It has been assumed that, unlike the card in FIG. 1, the support of the card was opaque, by example in cardstock. It can for example be a white paper on which black dots will be marked. The choice of colors is not essential, however, provided that the dots are clearly distinguished inside each tile. If the card of figure 2 is carried out on an opaque support, it can constitute the back of the front of the card of figure 3. In figure 4 we have shown a slide rule allowing to carry out

  addition and subtraction operations as will be explained later.

  This rule can be transparent or opaque depending on the supports that are

uses.

  In FIG. 5, another dot map is illustrated, very similar to that of FIG. 3, but which also includes, in the margin of each box, written in clear, in numbers and in letters, the corresponding number of dots. contained in the box. This can be useful to allow the student to immediately see the relationship between the number, the number, and its

translation into letters.

  In Figures 6 and 7, the front and back of a single card with eleven boxes of ten tiles, all of which have a dot, are illustrated. At

  back is indicated the corresponding number ten.

  Referring now to FIG. 8, we have illustrated how the simple addition operation 2 + 1 = 3 could be represented. This operation can be done for example by superimposing on the third box of FIG. 3, on the left of the figure, which has two points, the second box, to the left of the figure, of the transparent support of figure 1 which has a

  point, as shown schematically in Figure 8.

  In FIG. 9, a use of the slide rule of FIG. 4 has been illustrated, making it possible to perform the operation 8 + 5 = 13, for example by superimposing a transparent rule, respectively on the fourth box to the left of the Figure 3 which has eight points on the first box to the right of Figure 1 which has five points. The same operation could be done by superimposing on two opaque rulers two transparent cards and putting end to end a box with eight points and a box with five points. The flexibility of use of the educational material of the invention is,

as we can see, very large.

  The same operation: 8 + 5 = 13 can be viewed without using the slide rule in Figure 4, for example using two transparent dot cards as shown in Figure 10. The slide rule in

  Figure 4 however facilitates awareness of the change of ten.

  To concretize a subtraction operation, such as for example 8 - 5 = 3, we can, as illustrated in figure 11, superimpose the fourth box on the right of a transparent point card (figure 1) comprising eight points on the corresponding box with five full tiles of a corresponding card as illustrated in Figure 2. As seen in Figure 11, in this case, the five dots of the transparent card applied to the five full blackened tiles of the underlying box disappear, in other words

  "are subtracted", leaving only three points to appear.

  As noted earlier, cards may not include zero or ten, with only ten boxes instead of eleven. However, the arrangement illustrated with eleven boxes will generally be preferred, to raise awareness of the importance of zero and of this

  that, from 0 to 10, there are eleven boxes and not ten.

  The color of the dots and solid tiles can be the same or different to make them more aware of what an operation is.

of subtraction.

Claims (10)

  1. Educational material for teaching calculation, in particular the concept of simple numbers and elementary operations of addition and subtraction, using for the representation of simple numbers supports on which unit points are formed in juxtaposition, characterized in that '' it includes transparent grids comprising side by side rectangular squares squared with ten juxtaposed tiles, on two superimposed lines, the tiles having identical dimensions, in which grid boxes are successively marked from O to 10 points, or as a variant of O at 9 points, or from 1 to 10 points, each point does not   covering only a limited part of the tile.   2. Educational material according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises, with an arrangement similar to the aforementioned grids, grids comprising instead of points in each tile, a fully full tile.   3. Educational material according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises non-transparent grids, for example on cardboard support, having an arrangement identical to   transparent grids which can be superimposed on them.   4. Educational material according to any one of the claims   above, characterized in that it further comprises a calculation rule divided into two halves, of ten blank boxes each, superimposable on boxes of the aforementioned grids.   5. Educational material according to any one of the claims   previous, characterized in that the color of the dots and tiles   full is the same or different.   6. Educational material according to any one of claims 2 to   , characterized in that the dot grids and the solid square grids are printed on the front and back respectively of the same sheet   support, for example card stock.   7. Educational material according to any one of the claims   above, characterized in that in the vicinity of each box, or on its back, is indicated, in full or in letters, the number of dots or solid tiles carried in the box.   8. Educational material according to any one of claims 1 to   3 and 5 to 7 in combination with claim 4, characterized in that said slide rule is opaque.   9. Educational material according to any one of claims 1 to   Nos. 3 and 5 to 7 in combination with claim 4, characterized in that   said slide rule is transparent.   10. Educational material according to any one of the claims   previous, characterized in that the points are distributed successively on the two superimposed lines of five tiles each, going from left to right, or vice versa from right to left, according to the relative orientation of the support.