FR2775998A1 - Method of construction of prefabricated building - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves prefabricating the walls (1) and placing them on ground frames (2) mounted in poured concrete foundation slabs (3). The slabs have rebars with locking bars (5) to interlock with the wall ground frames.

Description

Method of constructing prefabricated buildings and assembly

  of construction elements for the implementation of such a method.

  The invention relates to the technical field of construction of buildings and more specifically that of the construction of buildings from prefabricated reinforced concrete construction elements. This type of construction is very widespread. As an example, we can notably cite in this context the construction of agricultural buildings

  (livestock buildings or storage sheds).

  The principle of prefabricated construction is to produce structural elements (wall panels, beams, posts, slabs, etc.) sheltered from the weather, and most often in the factory, then to build complete buildings by simple assemblies of such prefabricated elements on site. This type of construction process makes it possible to produce buildings quickly at an attractive cost. One of the problems posed by the construction of buildings from prefabricated elements is constituted by the realization of connections (or keying) between each of the prefabricated elements on the one hand (junction between two panels of walls for example) or between a prefabricated element and an element produced directly on site on the other hand (between a wall panel and a

foundation sole for example).

  The keyings are intended to obtain a monolithic behavior of all the prefabricated elements making up the building, in such a way that they are capable of transmitting all the vertical and horizontal forces applied to them, up to the ground. foundation, and according to a scheme

static stable.

  In the case of buildings made from prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, assembled according to vertical planes, so as to compose the walls of the structure, and to ensure either the cladding function, or the seating function of the posts frame, or both, the keying must more particularly allow the transmission of horizontal forces applied to the entire surface of the prefabricated elements or applied by the frame post at the level

  from his seat on the wall to the foundations.

  A traditional way of making these keyways consists in making a reinforced concrete post, poured in place on the site, connecting between them two adjacent prefabricated panels and connecting them to their foundation sole. This concrete pole can also serve as a seat for the structural pole, which can

be made of wood or metal.

  The realization of such keying requires the implementation of formwork, shoring, and the pouring on a site of a large volume of concrete, which

  significantly extend the construction time.

  The main objective of the present invention is to propose a method and a material for bonding the prefabricated panels together and with their foundation which make it possible to overcome the drawbacks of the method of

traditional keying.

  This objective is achieved thanks to the invention which relates to a method of constructing a building produced at least in part from prefabricated wall elements, characterized in that it comprises the steps consisting in: - prefabricating said wall elements by providing in at least one lower zone thereof at least one metal frame forming a harrow; - carry out earthworks in a well intended to receive foundation foundations;

  - pour concrete to form the said foundation blocks, making provision in them

  ci metal reinforcements projecting at least on their upper face; - wait for the setting of said foundation beds; - Place said wall elements on said foundation blocks by making the metal reinforcements forming harrow thereof cooperate with said metal reinforcements projecting from said foundation blocks; placing keying bars between the metal frames forming a harrow and said projecting metal frames; - coating said metal reinforcements and said keying bars with concrete;

- wait for the setting of said concrete.

  The invention thus proposes to get rid of the formwork and the pouring of the vertical connection between two prefabricated panels after their installation, thanks to the use of means making it possible to secure their maintenance in position, making it possible to ensure the monolithism of the construction and ensuring resistance to the forces applied, said means using metal harrows provided in the lower part of the prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, designed to cooperate with metal reinforcements of foundation blocks previously poured into an earthworks, a keying of these means of

  cooperation and pouring concrete on them.

  It will be noted that the method described here can be used with any type of wall, whatever their height, width, thickness, whether they constitute

  cladding walls, corner walls, partitions, etc.

  According to a preferred variant of the invention, the method according to the invention further comprises the following additional steps consisting in: - providing reservation grooves intended to receive junction fittings in the upper part of said wall elements; install junction fittings after said wall elements have been

  positioned on said foundation blocks.

  Such joining fittings make it possible to complete the monolithism of construction in the final phase and to limit the shoring means in the laying phase.

elements.

  It will be noted that advantageously, said fittings can be used.

  junction as fixing elements of a frame.

  In the preferred embodiment of the invention, at least two keying bars are used for each foundation block. The number of keying bars used may be a function of the heights of the wall elements and of the forces applied to these wall elements directly or by the structural columns. The number and section of these bars may be determined by

  those skilled in the art as a function of the values of these different parameters.

  The invention also relates to a set of building elements

  for the implementation of the method described above.

  Such an assembly comprises: - prefabricated wall elements having in at least one lower zone at least one metal frame forming a harrow; - foundation blocks with protruding metal reinforcements;

- key fittings.

  According to a preferred variant of the invention, said metal frames forming a harrow of said wall elements are produced in at least some of the lower corners thereof. In this case, each foundation block

  can be used to connect at least two wall elements together.

  Advantageously, the construction assembly according to the invention further comprises fittings for joining wall elements and said wall elements are provided in their upper part with reservation grooves intended to

  accommodate said junction fittings.

  Preferably, said junction fittings have a base showing an essentially trapezoidal cross section. Such a shape will improve the centering of the wall elements and will contribute to a

better distribution of forces.

  According to another preferred variant, at least some of said keying fittings are curved. Such a characteristic will find its interest

  for the junction of two wall elements provided in the same plan.

  According to another aspect of the invention, said reinforcements of said foundation blocks consist of at least two essentially vertical metal frames positioned essentially parallel to one another and connected by bars

essentially horizontal.

  Advantageously, said reinforcements of said foundation blocks include a horizontal frame serving as a benchmark for the pouring of the different phases of said foundation blocks. During this pouring, the concrete used will be poured until

level of this horizontal frame.

  Furthermore, it will also be noted that said reinforcements of the massifs of

  foundation preferably include at least one reinforcement frame.

  The invention, as well as the various advantages which it presents, will be more

  easily understood thanks to the description which follows in a non-limiting manner of

  realization thereof with reference to the drawings, in which: - Figure 1 shows a perspective view of part of a building under construction according to the method of the invention; - Figure 2 shows a top view of a metal frame of a foundation block; - Figure 3 shows a sectional view of the metal frame shown in Figure 2; - Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a junction fitting positioned between two wall elements; FIG. 5 represents a side view of the junction fitting positioned between two wall elements; - Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the lower part of a wall element at a foundation block; - Figure 7 shows a top sectional view of two wall elements positioned in the same plane at a foundation block; - Figure 8 shows a top sectional view of three wall elements at a foundation block; FIG. 9 represents a view in upper section of two elements of

  walls perpendicular to the level of a foundation massif.

  With reference to FIG. 1, the construction shown has been produced from wall elements 1 joined together and kept in a vertical position by

foundation beds 3.

  During a first stage, the ground on which the construction in question was intended to be built was leveled to create wells intended to receive the foundations of foundation 3. Then, the foundations of foundation were poured into these wells. During this pouring of the metal reinforcements 4 which will be described in more detail below have been inserted in such a way that these reinforcements protrude from the foundation foundations 3. (It will be noted that, in FIG. 1, the ground has not been represented

  for clarity of description).

  The wall elements 1 have been prefabricated in reinforced concrete.

  During this prefabrication, their two lower corners were provided with recesses

  the o protrude down from the metal frames 2 and forming harrows.

  These wall elements have moreover been provided in their upper corners with reservation grooves 7 intended to receive junction fittings 6 designed to

  secure the junction of adjacent wall elements 1.

  After the foundation blocks 3 have been poured and taken, the wall elements 1 have been positioned on them so as to make the metal frames 2 cooperate with each other forming harrows of the wall elements 1 with the metal frames 4 of the blocks of foundation 3. Locking bars (not visible in Figure 1 but which will be described in more detail below) were then positioned between

these metallic reinforcements 2,4.

  In parallel or later, the junction of wall elements 1 in

  their upper part was provided by the installation of junction fittings 6.

  These junction fittings have one or more upper branches 6b which can advantageously be used later as fixing elements.

of a frame.

  The construction according to Figure 1 is shown at this stage of the method according to the invention. In a later phase, vibrated concrete was poured around the reinforcements

metallic 2.4.

  After the concrete has dried, tests have shown that the assembly made up of the foundation mass and prefabricated wall panels, assembled according to the process described, was capable of withstanding a horizontal force applied at the head of

  wall, and in a direction perpendicular to the wall plane, greater than 4 tonnes.

  The method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to produce a sufficiently resistant junction between the prefabricated wall elements on the one hand and between these and the foundation blocks on the other hand, so that the wall thus produced allows the foundation d 'a structural pole at the head of the wall, without resorting to the formwork and pouring of a bonding pole, which represents an important advantage compared to the various prefabricated construction methods of the prior art. Figure 2, which shows a top view of an exemplary embodiment of a metal frame 4 equipping the foundation blocks 3 shows that it consists of several essentially vertical metal frames 4a connected together by bars horizontal metal 4b. In this case, the frame shown includes five metal frames. It will however be understood that the number of these frames may vary depending in particular, but not exclusively, on the size of the wall elements or on the nature of these (corner wall elements, cladding wall elements, etc. ...) as well as the forces applied to the walls. The size of these

  frames may also vary depending on the embodiments.

  As can be seen more precisely in FIG. 3, which shows from the side the metal reinforcement shown in FIG. 2, this reinforcement is advantageously provided with a horizontal frame 4c intended to serve as a reference during the first phase of casting the foundation blocks 3 to indicate the level of concrete used during

pouring.

  Finally, it will also be noted that the metal reinforcements 4 are

  preferably provided with one or more reinforcement frames 4d.

  As described above, the implementation of the method according to the invention includes a step of positioning junction fittings 6 in reservation grooves provided in the upper corners of said wall elements 1. With reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, these fittings are intended to secure the junction of two adjacent wall elements 1. The fixing of the fittings 6 in the reservation grooves 7 designed to receive them is effected by bolts 8. For this purpose the reservation grooves 7 are provided with bores 7a making it possible to receive

these bolts 8.

  It will be noted that these junction fittings 6 have a base 6a of cross section essentially in the shape of a trapezium whose small face is the underside in position. Such a technical characteristic makes it possible to promote the centering of the wall elements and contributes to a better distribution of the forces involved. It will also be noted that these junction fittings have one or more upper branches 6b which can advantageously be later

  used as fasteners for a frame.

  With reference to FIG. 6, which shows a cross section of the construction at the level of a foundation massif after coating the metal reinforcements 2,4 with concrete, the metal reinforcements 2 forming harrows of the wall elements 1 cooperate with the reinforcements metallic 4 massive

foundation 3.

  When laying the wall elements 1 on the foundation blocks 3, the lower ends of the reinforcements 2 come to rest on the upper surface 3a thereof. The keying bars 5 are then slid between the reinforcements 2 and the reinforcements 4 so as to secure the positioning of the wall elements relative to the foundation blocks 3. Once the walls have been positioned, a layer 9 of concrete is poured over the reinforcements 2,4 and 5 key bars so as to drown

completely these.

  As can be seen more precisely in FIG. 7, which shows a view in upper section of the construction at the level of the metal reinforcements, the keying bars 5 are slightly curved so as to facilitate their positioning, the two wall elements 1 being positioned in the same plane. However, it will be noted that such bending will not be necessary when the wall elements joined together will not be provided in the same plane and will for example be perpendicular as it is for example described below with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. According to Figure 8, the foundation block 3 shown was designed to accommodate three wall elements I, one of which is perpendicular to the other two. To this end, the metal frame 4 of this massif has metal frames 4 in two vertical perpendicular planes to allow cooperation with the

  different metal frames forming harrows 2 of the three wall elements 1.

  Regarding this embodiment, it will be noted that the keying bars 5 intended for joining the wall elements arranged in the same plane are

  curved while the other keying bars 5 are not.

  According to Figure 9, the foundation block 3 shown has been designed to accommodate two wall elements 1 perpendicular to each other. Its metal frame 4 also has metal frames 4a in two perpendicular vertical planes to allow cooperation with the different frames

  metal forming harrows 2 of these two wall elements 1.

  The exemplary embodiment of the invention described here is not intended to reduce the scope thereof. Many modifications can therefore be made without departing from its framework. In particular, it should be noted that the metal reinforcements, the foundation blocks and the wall elements may

  have different shapes and dimensions from those shown.

Claims (11)

  1. A method of constructing a building produced at least in part from prefabricated wall elements (1) characterized in that it comprises the steps consisting in: - prefabricating said wall elements (1) by providing in at at least one lower region thereof at least one metal frame forming a harrow (2); - carry out earthworks in a well intended to receive foundation foundations (3); - pouring concrete to form said foundation blocks (3) by providing in them metal reinforcements projecting (4) at least on their upper face; - wait for the setting of said foundation blocks (3); - Place said wall elements (1) on said foundation blocks (3) by making the metal frames forming harrow (2) cooperate with said projecting metal frames (4) of said foundation blocks (3); - Fit keying bars (5) between the metal frames forming a harrow (2) and said metal frames (4) projecting; - coating said metal reinforcements (2,4) and said keying bars (5) with concrete; - wait for the setting of said concrete.   2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises the following additional steps consisting in: - providing reservation grooves (7) intended to receive junction fittings (6) in the upper part of said wall elements (1 ); - set up junction fittings (6) after said wall elements (1)   have been positioned on said foundation blocks (3).   3. Method according to claim 2 characterized in that it consists in using   said junction fittings (6) as fixing elements for a frame.   4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that for   each foundation block (3) at least two locking bars (5) are used.   5. Set of construction elements for implementing the 1l process   according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that it comprises:   - prefabricated wall elements (1) having in at least one lower zone at least one metal frame forming a harrow (2); - foundation blocks (3) having metal reinforcements (4) projecting; - key plates (5).   6. Set of building elements according to claim 5 characterized in that said metal frames forming harrow (2) of said wall elements (1)   are made in at least some of the lower corners thereof.   7. Set of building elements according to any one of   Claims 5 or 6 characterized in that it further comprises fittings of   junction (6) of wall elements (1) and in that said wall elements (1) are provided in their upper part with reservation grooves (7) intended to   receiving said junction fittings (6).   8. A set of construction elements according to claim 7 characterized in that said junction fittings (6) have a base (6a) showing a   essentially trapezoidal cross section.   9. Set of building elements according to any one of   claims 5 to 8 characterized in that at least some of said reinforcements keying (5) its arched.   10. Set of construction elements according to any one of   claims 5 to 9 characterized in that said reinforcements (4) of said massifs   foundation (3) consist of at least two essentially vertical metal frames (4a) positioned essentially parallel to each other and   connected by essentially horizontal bars (4b).   1 1. Set of building elements according to claim 10 characterized in that said frames (4) of said foundation blocks (3) include a frame   horizontal (4c) serving as a benchmark for the pouring of said foundation blocks (3).   12. Set of building elements according to claim 10 or 11 characterized in that said frames (4) of the foundation blocks (3) include at minus a reinforcement frame (4d).