FR2750430A1 - Foam for spraying by compressed air onto the working face of a bore excavated by tunnelling machine - Google Patents
Foam for spraying by compressed air onto the working face of a bore excavated by tunnelling machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2750430A1 FR2750430A1 FR9607928A FR9607928A FR2750430A1 FR 2750430 A1 FR2750430 A1 FR 2750430A1 FR 9607928 A FR9607928 A FR 9607928A FR 9607928 A FR9607928 A FR 9607928A FR 2750430 A1 FR2750430 A1 FR 2750430A1
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- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- constituent
- sodium
- foam
- polymer
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
- C09K17/42—Inorganic compounds mixed with organic active ingredients, e.g. accelerators
- C09K17/46—Inorganic compounds mixed with organic active ingredients, e.g. accelerators the inorganic compound being a water-soluble silicate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
- E21D9/0664—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end with means for applying a coating layer to the front face, e.g. by spraying
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
- E21D9/0678—Adding additives, e.g. chemical compositions, to the slurry or the cuttings
- E21D9/0685—Foaming agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne une mousse destinée à être projetée sur le front de taille d'un forage creusé par un tunnelier à pression d'air. The present invention relates to a foam intended to be projected onto the cutting face of a borehole dug by an air pressure tunneling machine.
Pour réaliser des forages, en particulier des forages horizontaux, on connaît les tunneliers qui avancent dans le sol en creusant une galerie à mesure de leur progression. To carry out drilling, in particular horizontal drilling, tunnel boring machines are known which advance in the ground by digging a gallery as they progress.
A l'avant d'un tunnelier, ou de toute autre machine de forage du même type, on prévoit un dispositif permettant de former un bouclier à air comprimé qui est en fait une chambre située entre la tête du tunnelier et le front de taille, chambre dans laquelle de l'air est maintenu à une pression suffisante pour équilibrer la pression des terres et la pression hydrostatique et ainsi empêcher l'effondrement du front de taille. At the front of a tunnel boring machine, or any other drilling machine of the same type, a device is provided for forming a compressed air shield which is in fact a chamber located between the head of the boring machine and the working face, chamber in which air is maintained at a pressure sufficient to balance the earth pressure and the hydrostatic pressure and thus prevent the collapse of the face.
Si l'utilisation d'un bouclier à air comprimé est très fiable dans les terrains peu perméables, elle peut s'avérer beaucoup plus délicate à mettre en oeuvre lorsque les terrains sont perméables et mal consolidés. If the use of a compressed air shield is very reliable in poorly permeable soils, it can prove to be much more difficult to implement when the terrains are permeable and poorly consolidated.
En effet, dans ce cas, l'air fuit entre les pores du terrain, lequel peut s'effriter ou s'effondrer à l'avant du tunnelier. La surpression d'air n'atteint alors pas son objectif. In this case, the air leaks between the pores of the ground, which can crumble or collapse at the front of the TBM. The air overpressure does not reach its objective.
Pour rendre le front de taille imperméable à l'air, on connaît déjà plusieurs techniques, et notamment celle consistant à projeter un coulis de bentonite et de ciment sur le front de taille. To make the working face impermeable to air, several techniques are already known, and in particular that consisting of spraying a bentonite and cement grout on the working face.
Cette méthode ne donne cependant pas satisfaction car le front de taille n'est imprégné que superficiellement de coulis de sorte que le terrain peut s'effondrer par blocs s'il est mal consolidé en aval du front de taille. This method is not satisfactory, however, because the working face is only superficially impregnated with grout so that the ground can collapse in blocks if it is poorly consolidated downstream of the working face.
Cet inconvénient a déjà suscité le remplacement du coulis par une mousse qui pénètre dans le terrain sous l'effet de la pression de l'air qui règne dans la chambre. This drawback has already led to the replacement of the grout by a foam which penetrates into the ground under the effect of the air pressure which prevails in the room.
Néanmoins, lorsque le terrain est très ouvert et très perméable, la mousse s'enfonce trop profondément et trop rapidement dans les pores du terrain et n'agit plus sur le front de taille. However, when the ground is very open and very permeable, the foam sinks too deep and too quickly into the pores of the ground and no longer acts on the face.
En outre, de par sa faible viscosité, qui est nécessaire pour faciliter sa pénétration, la mousse ne parvient pas à maintenir efficacement la cohésion du terrain. In addition, due to its low viscosity, which is necessary to facilitate its penetration, the foam does not manage to effectively maintain the cohesion of the ground.
Une autre solution connue, qui fournit de meilleurs résultats, consiste à injecter un coulis de bentonite et de ciment ou un gel dans un forage réalisé soit depuis le tunnelier, soit depuis la surface du sol et aboutissant dans une région située en aval du tunnelier. Another known solution, which provides better results, consists in injecting a bentonite and cement slurry or a gel into a borehole made either from the tunneling machine or from the ground surface and ending in a region located downstream of the tunneling machine.
Cette autre solution présente cependant l'inconvénient majeur d'être lourde et coûteuse à mettre en oeuvre. This other solution however has the major drawback of being cumbersome and costly to implement.
La présente invention vise à fournir une nouvelle mousse qui est destinée à être projetée sur le front de taille et qui permet d'obtenir une bonne tenue du terrain en aval du front de taille. The present invention aims to provide a new foam which is intended to be projected onto the cutting face and which makes it possible to obtain good resistance to the ground downstream of the cutting face.
La présente invention a pour objet une mousse destinée à être projetée sur le front de taille d'un forage en cours de réalisation à laide d'une machine de forage munie d'un bouclier à air comprimé, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle présente la composition suivante
- silicate,
- sel ou acide,
- polymère ou mélange de polymères,
- agent de réticulation du ou des polymères.The present invention relates to a foam intended to be sprayed onto the face of a well being cut in progress using a drilling machine provided with a compressed air shield, characterized in that it has the following composition
- silicate,
- salt or acid,
- polymer or mixture of polymers,
- crosslinking agent for the polymer (s).
- agent moussant,
- eau.- foaming agent,
- water.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, la mousse est obtenue par mélange de deux constituants à savoir, d'une part, un premier constituant qui est composé d'une solution de silicate, et d'autre part un second constituant qui est composé d'un sel ou un acide, d'un polymère ou un mélange de polymères, et d'un agent de réticulation de polymère dilués dans de veau, un agent moussant étant présent dans le premier constituant et/ou dans le second constituant. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the foam is obtained by mixing two constituents, namely, on the one hand, a first constituent which is composed of a silicate solution, and on the other hand a second constituent which is composed of a salt or an acid, of a polymer or a mixture of polymers, and of a crosslinking agent of polymer diluted in calf, a foaming agent being present in the first constituent and / or in the second constituent .
Avantageusement, le premier constituant présente un coefficient de dilution compris entre 1/4 et 1/3, tandis que le second constituant présente un coefficient de dilution compris entre 1/6 et 1/2. Advantageously, the first constituent has a dilution coefficient of between 1/4 and 1/3, while the second constituent has a dilution coefficient of between 1/6 and 1/2.
Au sens de l'invention, on entend par coefficient de dilution d'un produit la proportion en volume entre la quantité de produit considéré et la quantité d'eau dans laquelle ce produit est dilué. For the purposes of the invention, the coefficient of dilution of a product is understood to mean the proportion by volume between the quantity of product considered and the quantity of water in which this product is diluted.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, le sel est un phosphate ou un polyphosphate de sodium ou de potassium, un carbonate ou hydrogénocarbonate de sodium ou de potassium, un nitrate de sodium ou de potassium ou un sulfate ou hydrogénosulfate de sodium ou de potassium ou encore un aluminate de sodium ou de potassium. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the salt is a sodium or potassium phosphate or polyphosphate, a sodium or potassium carbonate or hydrogen carbonate, a sodium or potassium nitrate or a sodium sulfate or hydrogen sulfate or potassium or a sodium or potassium aluminate.
Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'acide est de l'acide sulfurique, de l'acide phosphorique, de l'acide chlorhydrique ou de l'acide nitrique ou encore un acide organique tel que l'acide acétique, citrique, ou sulfamique. In one embodiment of the invention, the acid is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid or an organic acid such as acetic, citric acid , or sulfamic.
Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les polymères sont des polyacrylamides, des polyacrylates, des polysaccharides, des polymères cellulosiques, des xanthanes, ou encore des gommes de guar. In one embodiment of the invention, the polymers are polyacrylamides, polyacrylates, polysaccharides, cellulose polymers, xanthans, or even guar gums.
Dans un dernier mode de réalisation, les agents de réticulation sont des borates de sodium ou de potassium, ou de l'acide orthoborique. In a last embodiment, the crosslinking agents are sodium or potassium borates, or orthoboric acid.
Dans le but de mieux faire comprendre l'invention, on va en décrire maintenant huit exemples qui ne sont donnés qu'à titre indicatif, sans limitation de la portee de l'invention. In order to better understand the invention, we will now describe eight examples which are given for information only, without limiting the scope of the invention.
Dans tous ces exemples, les deux constituants sont mélangés parts égales en volume. In all these examples, the two constituents are mixed in equal parts by volume.
Exemple 1
On mélange les deux constituants suivants ler constituant
- silicate de sodium de densité 35/37 Baumé dilué dans de l'eau à raison d'un coefficient de dilution de 1/4.Example 1
The following two components are mixed.
- sodium silicate of density 35/37 Baumé diluted in water at the rate of a dilution coefficient of 1/4.
2e constituant
- phosphate de sodium 350 à 400kg,
- xanthane 5 à 50kg,
- agent moussant 20 à 50 litres,
- Eau 400 à 800 litres, le deuxième constituant ayant un coefficient de dilution de 1/6.2nd constituent
- sodium phosphate 350 to 400kg,
- xanthan 5 to 50kg,
- foaming agent 20 to 50 liters,
- Water 400 to 800 liters, the second constituent having a dilution coefficient of 1/6.
Les deux constituants ci-dessus sont mélangés par un dispositif situé juste en amont du générateur de mousse, à mesure que la mousse est consommée. The two above components are mixed by a device located just upstream of the foam generator, as the foam is consumed.
A la sortie du générateur de mousse, la mousse est projetée sur le front de taille. At the outlet of the foam generator, the foam is projected onto the cutting face.
Dans les premiers instants suivant sa projection, la mousse pénètre dans le terrain sous l'effet de la surpression d'air existant dans la chambre. In the first moments following its projection, the foam enters the ground under the effect of the air pressure existing in the room.
La rigidité de la mousse est alors d'environ 0,1 à 0,3g/cm2. The rigidity of the foam is then about 0.1 to 0.3 g / cm2.
Au bout de 3 minutes, la rigidité de la mousse atteint 1,0 à 2,5 g/cm2. After 3 minutes, the stiffness of the foam reaches 1.0 to 2.5 g / cm2.
Ainsi, après avoir imprégné un volume important de terrain en aval du front de taille alors qu'elle était suffisamment fluide, la mousse s'est rigidifiée pour étanchéifier et consolider le terrain. Thus, after having impregnated a large volume of ground downstream of the face while it was sufficiently fluid, the foam stiffened to seal and consolidate the ground.
Exemple 2 ler constituant
- silicate de densité 35/37 Baumé dilué à 1/4.EXAMPLE 2 The constituent
- density silicate 35/37 Baumé diluted to 1/4.
2e constituant
- sulfate de potassium 75 à 150kg,
- polyacrylamide + polyacrylate 5 à 50kg
- agent moussant 20 à 50 litres,
- eau 950 litres le deuxième constituant ayant un coefficient de dilution de 1/4.2nd constituent
- potassium sulfate 75 to 150kg,
- polyacrylamide + polyacrylate 5 to 50kg
- foaming agent 20 to 50 liters,
- water 950 liters, the second constituent having a dilution coefficient of 1/4.
La mousse projetée atteint une rigidité de 2 à 2,5g/cm2 apres 2 minutes et 30 secondes. The sprayed foam reaches a rigidity of 2 to 2.5 g / cm2 after 2 minutes and 30 seconds.
Exemple 3 ler constituant
- silicate de sodium dilué à 1/4 2e constituant
- carbonate de potassium 50 à 125kg,
- combinaison de polyacrylate et de polysaccharide 10 à 30kg,
- agent moussant 20 à 50 litres,
- eau 950 litres le deuxième constituant ayant un coefficient de dilution de 1/3.EXAMPLE 3 The constituent
- sodium silicate diluted to 1/4 2nd constituent
- potassium carbonate 50 to 125kg,
- combination of polyacrylate and polysaccharide 10 to 30kg,
- foaming agent 20 to 50 liters,
- water 950 liters, the second constituent having a dilution coefficient of 1/3.
Le temps de rigidification de la mousse après projection est de 4 minutes pour atteindre une rigidité de 2 à 2,5g/cm2. The stiffening time of the foam after spraying is 4 minutes to reach a rigidity of 2 to 2.5 g / cm2.
Exemple 4 ler constituant
- silicate de sodium dilué à raison d'un coefficient de dilution de 1/3.EXAMPLE 4 The constituent
- sodium silicate diluted by a dilution coefficient of 1/3.
2e constituant
- nitrate de sodium 100 à 150kg,
- polymère cellulosique 3 à 10kg,
- agent moussant 20 à 50 litres,
- eau 950 litres le deuxième constituant ayant un coefficient de dilution de 1/6.2nd constituent
- sodium nitrate 100 to 150kg,
- cellulosic polymer 3 to 10 kg,
- foaming agent 20 to 50 liters,
- water 950 liters the second constituent having a dilution coefficient of 1/6.
La mousse devient rigide (rigidité de 2 à 2,5g/cm2) au bout de 3 minutes et 50 secondes. The foam becomes rigid (rigidity from 2 to 2.5 g / cm2) after 3 minutes and 50 seconds.
Exemple 5 ler constituant
- silicate de sodium dilué à raison d'un coefficient de dilution de 1/3.EXAMPLE 5 The constituent
- sodium silicate diluted by a dilution coefficient of 1/3.
2e constituant
- acide sulfurique 25 à 50kg,
- Xanthane 5 à 10kg,
- agent moussant 20 à 50 litres,
- eau 950 litres le deuxième constituant ayant un coefficient de dilution de 1/4.2nd constituent
- sulfuric acid 25 to 50kg,
- Xanthane 5 to 10kg,
- foaming agent 20 to 50 liters,
- water 950 liters, the second constituent having a dilution coefficient of 1/4.
La mousse se rigidifie rapidement après sa projection. Elle atteint une rigidité de 2 à 2,5g/cm2 1 minute après sa projection. The foam stiffens quickly after being projected. It reaches a rigidity of 2 to 2.5 g / cm2 1 minute after its projection.
Exemnle 6 ler constituant
- silicate dilué à raison d'un coefficient de dilution de 1/3.Claim 6 1st constituent
- silicate diluted with a dilution coefficient of 1/3.
2e constituant
- phosphate de sodium 300 à 400kg,
- polyacrylamide 5 à 50kg,
- agent moussant 20 à 50 litres,
- eau 750 à 800 litres.2nd constituent
- sodium phosphate 300 to 400kg,
- polyacrylamide 5 to 50kg,
- foaming agent 20 to 50 liters,
- water 750 to 800 liters.
le deuxième constituant étant dilué à raison d'un coefficient de dilution de 1/3.the second constituent being diluted at the rate of a dilution coefficient of 1/3.
La mousse atteint une rigidité de 2 à 2,5g/cm2 après 1 minute et 50 secondes pendant lesquelles elle pénètre dans le terrain en aval du front de taille. The foam reaches a rigidity of 2 to 2.5 g / cm2 after 1 minute and 50 seconds during which it penetrates into the ground downstream of the cutting face.
Exemnle 7 ler constituant
- silicate de sodium dilué à raison d'un coefficient de dilution de 1/3.Claim 7 1st constituent
- sodium silicate diluted by a dilution coefficient of 1/3.
2e constituant
- sulfate de sodium 100 à 150kg,
- gomme de guar 5 à 50kg,
- agent moussant 20 à 50 litres,
- agent de réticulation (Borate de sodium) 10 à 50g,
- eau 950 litres le deuxième constituant ayant un coefficient de dilution de 1/2.2nd constituent
- sodium sulfate 100 to 150kg,
- guar gum 5 to 50kg,
- foaming agent 20 to 50 liters,
- crosslinking agent (sodium borate) 10 to 50g,
- water 950 liters the second constituent having a dilution coefficient of 1/2.
La mousse est projetée sur le front de taille et pénètre dans le terrain pendant les 4 minutes qui suivent sa projection, après quoi elle atteint une rigidité de 2,5 à 3g/cm2. The foam is sprayed onto the working face and enters the ground for 4 minutes following its projection, after which it reaches a rigidity of 2.5 to 3g / cm2.
Exemple 8 ler constituant
- silicate de sodium dilué à raison d'un coefficient de dilution de 1/4.EXAMPLE 8 The constituent
- sodium silicate diluted by a dilution coefficient of 1/4.
2e constituant
- aluminate de sodium 1 à 5kg,
- polysaccharide 5 à 50kg,
- agent moussant 20 à 50 litres,
- eau 950 litres.2nd constituent
- sodium aluminate 1 to 5kg,
- polysaccharide 5 to 50kg,
- foaming agent 20 to 50 liters,
- water 950 liters.
La mousse a atteint un niveau de rigidité suffisant, soit environ 2 à 2,5g/cm2 après 2 à 3 minutes suivant sa projection. The foam has reached a sufficient level of rigidity, approximately 2 to 2.5 g / cm2 after 2 to 3 minutes following its projection.
I1 est bien entendu que les exemples qui viennent d'être décrits ne présentent aucun caractère limitatif, et pourront recevoir toutes modifications désirables sans sortir pour cela du cadre de l'invention. It is understood that the examples which have just been described have no limiting character, and may receive any desirable modification without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9607928A FR2750430B1 (en) | 1996-06-26 | 1996-06-26 | FOAM FOR SPRAYING ONTO THE SIZE FRONT OF A HOLLOW DRILLING BY AN AIR PRESSURE TUNNEL |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9607928A FR2750430B1 (en) | 1996-06-26 | 1996-06-26 | FOAM FOR SPRAYING ONTO THE SIZE FRONT OF A HOLLOW DRILLING BY AN AIR PRESSURE TUNNEL |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2750430A1 true FR2750430A1 (en) | 1998-01-02 |
| FR2750430B1 FR2750430B1 (en) | 2003-06-27 |
Family
ID=9493425
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9607928A Expired - Fee Related FR2750430B1 (en) | 1996-06-26 | 1996-06-26 | FOAM FOR SPRAYING ONTO THE SIZE FRONT OF A HOLLOW DRILLING BY AN AIR PRESSURE TUNNEL |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2750430B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001063096A3 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2002-03-21 | Fosroc International Ltd | Treatment of rock surfaces |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3368356A (en) * | 1964-11-24 | 1968-02-13 | Edward D. Graf | Soil stabilization method |
| FR2531066A1 (en) * | 1982-07-29 | 1984-02-03 | Ciba Geigy Ag | CELLULAR MATERIALS BASED ON SILICATES AND POLY (METH) ACRYLIC ACIDS, THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR APPLICATION |
| DE3840612A1 (en) * | 1988-06-08 | 1989-12-14 | Bauer Schaum Chem | Roadway support unit |
| FR2676500A1 (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1992-11-20 | Bessac Creusement Soutenement | Method and machine with shield for excavating underground galleries (tunnels), in particular in water-bearing soils with low cohesion |
| FR2690709A1 (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-05 | Seppic Sa | Tunnel excavation process, use of a foaming agent and new foaming agent. |
-
1996
- 1996-06-26 FR FR9607928A patent/FR2750430B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3368356A (en) * | 1964-11-24 | 1968-02-13 | Edward D. Graf | Soil stabilization method |
| FR2531066A1 (en) * | 1982-07-29 | 1984-02-03 | Ciba Geigy Ag | CELLULAR MATERIALS BASED ON SILICATES AND POLY (METH) ACRYLIC ACIDS, THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR APPLICATION |
| DE3840612A1 (en) * | 1988-06-08 | 1989-12-14 | Bauer Schaum Chem | Roadway support unit |
| FR2676500A1 (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1992-11-20 | Bessac Creusement Soutenement | Method and machine with shield for excavating underground galleries (tunnels), in particular in water-bearing soils with low cohesion |
| FR2690709A1 (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-05 | Seppic Sa | Tunnel excavation process, use of a foaming agent and new foaming agent. |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001063096A3 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2002-03-21 | Fosroc International Ltd | Treatment of rock surfaces |
| AU773274B2 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2004-05-20 | Minova International Limited | Treatment of rock surfaces |
| US6966610B2 (en) | 2000-02-22 | 2005-11-22 | Minova International Limited | Treatment of rock surfaces |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2750430B1 (en) | 2003-06-27 |
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Effective date: 20140228 |