FR2711694A1 - Facade structure, as well as associated working elevator, and method of mounting the facade. - Google Patents

Abstract

A facade structure in the form of a curtain facade, comprises a lattice-like framework, composed of horizontal and vertical "T" beams 9, 5. In the rectangular frames formed by the "T" beams, are inserted and fixed the panels 11 by providing a peripheral seal over their entire periphery. The vertical "T" beams 5 are provided with a toothing 20, and the panels 11 with guide grooves 43, in which can be moved a working elevator 50 provided with its own drive mechanism, and using from which it is possible to mount the beams and panels intended for the next floor in height.

Description

The invention relates to a facade structure in the form of a curtain facade

  for a building, comprising a large number of facade elements each having substantially the shape of a rectangular panel with a height preferably equal to the height of a storey, as well as a support frame fixed to the building and intended to support the panels; the invention also relates to a working elevator capable of moving along the facade structure, and intended for the mounting and / or maintenance of such a facade structure, as well as a method of mounting the façade structure using this working elevator. Façade structures in the form of curtain facades, are composed of panels, which are fixed to the building, i.e. the static construction of the latter, either directly or via a support frame, which can for example having posts or crosspieces. Various requirements are imposed on the fixing of the panels by means of the support frame; these relate, on the one hand to a sufficiently strong and reliable anchoring, in particular with a view to absorbing the forces of the wind, to the need to achieve physical construction characteristics, such as perfect sealing and rear ventilation , and on the other hand to the possibility of a simple assembly, as well as to the aesthetic aspect. The structures known up to now or used in practice satisfy in various ways

these requirements.

  The patent document US Pat. No. 4,591,308 discloses a curtain wall comprising a support frame composed of vertical and horizontal bars, as well as

  façade elements fixed to the support frame.

  The facade elements are attached to the outside of the vertical and horizontal bars and are sealed using sealing strips filling the gap between the adjacent facade elements. This document also discloses a guided mounting frame for lifting the facade elements, the mounting frame being suspended on a rope and guided in vertical guide rails formed on the outer side.

of each facade element.

  Document DE-35 08 506 A1 discloses a curtain wall formed of rectangular façade elements, which are anchored directly to the structure of the building, without the interposition of vertical or horizontal beams. It also discloses a working elevator intended to lift and mount the facade elements, the elevator being suspended by a rope and guided in guide rails formed on

the facade element.

  The installation of curtain walls is carried out by cranes, cable carts fixed to the building itself, or similar elements. Document DE-AS 25 17 227 discloses a device for mounting curtain facades, which comprises a mounting frame which can be raised and lowered by means of a cable winch, and guided in guide rails of already mounted panels , this mounting frame making it possible to transport facade elements, upwards, on the exterior side of the facade, and to mount them in their location. The use of cable winches has drawbacks, especially in the construction of very high buildings, for example because the cables beat against the facade elements already

  mounted, possibly damaging them.

  Document US Pat. No. 3,866,717 and French patent document 2,316,179 each disclose a self-propelled working lift, which includes drive pinions cooperating with one or two racks. This elevator of the prior state is not combined with a structure of

curtain wall of a building.

  The object of the invention is to provide a facade structure of the type mentioned in the introduction, which can be used above all in the case of very high buildings, which is distinguished by a very simple maintenance and sealing and to both very reliable facade panels, which is simple and quick to assemble, and which allows

easy replacement of panels.

  According to the invention, this object is achieved thanks to a facade structure characterized in that the support frame is composed of a lattice of vertical beams and horizontal beams, which form a large number of lattice cells, rectangular , each having the shape of a box frame having four inner peripheral faces, in that each panel is inserted, by a part of its thickness in such a box-shaped frame and is made watertight, on its periphery, with respect to on the inner surface of the frame, by means of sealing profiles extending over the entire periphery, and in that each panel has a part of its thickness which projects from the cited frame, towards the outside, and forms a gap open joint with the corresponding thickness part, projecting, of a

adjacent panel.

  According to an advantageous configuration of the invention, the vertical and horizontal beams are in the form of beams in "T" profile and are arranged in such a way that the base wing of the "T" profile moves away perpendicularly of the building, so that each of the box-shaped frames formed by the beams has adjacent bearing surfaces perpendicular to each other, perpendicular and parallel to the plane of the facade, and each panel is made waterproof with respect to the bearing surfaces, perpendicularly and parallel to the plane of the facade, by means of sealing profiles. In accordance with an advantageous development of the invention, each panel is fixed by means of screws or the like, to the head wings of vertical beams, these head wings extending parallel to the plane of the facade. In addition, the vertical beams are fixed on the building, and the horizontal beams on the vertical beams. According to an essential characteristic of the invention, the vertical beams have on their outer side, a toothing, and the vertical lateral sides of the panels are provided with guide grooves facing each other. Furthermore, at least the vertical beams are made in one

special steel.

  The invention further relates to a working lift intended for mounting and / or maintenance of a facade structure, and characterized by two rolling frames which are arranged at a distance from each other, corresponding to the width of a panel, which engage in the gap between two adjacent panels, and which have guide rollers intended to engage in the guide grooves of the panels, as well as at least one pinion intended to mesh with the teeth of the vertical beams, the elevator further comprising a drive motor intended to drive the pinion, and a working platform comprising mounting and / or maintenance devices. Thus this elevator is designed as a self-propelled vehicle guided on the front panels already mounted, and has a drive pinion meshing with teeth of vertical beams already mounted. This work lift, which does not in any way require a cable winch or the like, makes it possible to move upwards, along the external side of the facade, both the beams to be mounted and the panels, and allows mount them or put them in place each time over already mounted panels. To this end, the devices for mounting the working platform of the elevator are constituted by devices for supporting and moving a panel, preferably actuated hydraulically, such as for example gripping and

hydraulic positioning.

  Finally, the invention also relates to a method of mounting such a facade structure, characterized in that the beams and at least one panel of one or two lower floors are first mounted, at the using usual installations, such as scaffolding and / or a crane, in that the working elevator is then placed in the guide grooves of a mounted panel, so that it can move vertically, by means of its own drive mechanism, by meshing its pinion in the teeth of the vertical beams, and in that using the working elevator, the beams are assembled vertical and horizontal on the building, above the already assembled panel, and, by means of the mounting devices of the working platform, the following panel is then hydraulically inserted into the box-shaped frame produced by the vertical beams and

  horizontal, this panel then being fixed.

  An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show: FIG. 1 a schematic front view of a facade structure according to the invention, partially mounted, and schematically indicating the working elevator according to the invention. Fig. 2 a vertical section of the facade structure,

  along line 2-2 in Figure 1.

  Fig. 3 a horizontal section of the structure of

  facade, along line 3-3 of Figure 1.

  Fig. 4 a sectional and perspective view

  of a detail of the facade structure.

  Fig. 5 and 6 a horizontal section and a vertical section of the assembly area of a vertical beam with two horizontal beams. Fig. 7 is a sectional representation similar to FIG. 3, but according to line 7-7 of the

figure 1.

  Fig. 8 a vertical section of the facade, showing the working elevator in side view. In FIG. 1, the reference 1 designates the static construction part of a building, only the slabs of the floors being represented for reasons of clarity of representation. In fact, the construction method of the building can be arbitrary. As shown in Figure 1, the facade can be fixed on the front surfaces of the floor slabs, but it can also be a building construction method with external supports, or external concrete walls, with berries. The construction can be concrete and / or steel. The facade structure shown in FIG. 1 forms a flat facade surface, but it is possible, in the same way, to produce a curved facade surface, for example for

a round building in the shape of a tower.

  On the exterior side of the building 1 are fixed vertical beams 5, which are formed by the assembly of individual segments of a storey height. On the vertical beams 5 are fixed horizontal beams 9, which are located in the same vertical plane as the vertical beams 5, so that the beams 5 and 9 form a lattice with rectangular lattice cells. Each trellis cell forms a rectangular box-shaped frame, into which a front panel 11 can be inserted from the front. All the panels have identical dimensions, have a height of one storey, and each have a panel frame consisting of profiles, into which can be inserted either a transparent glazing or a non-transparent panel lining. As can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, the vertical beams 5 and the horizontal beams 9 are made in the form of "T" sections, and arranged in such a way that the base wing 5 'and 9' of the section "T" moves away perpendicularly from the outside of the building. As can be seen in Figure 2, each vertical beam 5 is screwed, via an angle piece 13 which is welded thereto, on an angle bracket 15, which for its part is fixed, preferably by means of 'A clamping support 17 adjustable in height, on the concrete structure of the building 1, that is to say for example a floor slab. Segments 5 and 5 ′ of a vertical beam, connecting vertically to each other, can be along an oblique joint 19 filled with a sealant, as shown in FIG. 2. The vertical beams 5 have teeth 20, the usefulness of which will be explained later. The beams and 9 are preferably made of special steel, due to the corrosion resistance, the high load capacity, and the coefficient of thermal expansion.

suitable for concrete.

  The preferred method of fixing the horizontal beams 9 to the vertical beams 5 is also visible in Figures 2 and 3, in combination

with Figures 5 and 6.

  On the rear side of the horizontal beam 9 is welded a tab 23 which overlaps the rear side of the vertical beam 5 and is screwed there by means of screws 25. The end of the horizontal beam 9 is cut in such a way , that the base wing of the "T" profile of the beam 9, engages in the angular space of the vertical beam 5 and substantially fills it. This means that the base wings 5 'and 9' of the "T" profiles of the vertical and horizontal beams 5, 9 form a practically uninterrupted peripheral wall of a rectangular box-shaped frame. The joint 27 between the vertical and horizontal beams 5, 9 can be filled with a sealant. For precise positioning to the millimeter, of the horizontal beams 9 on the vertical beams 5, it is possible to provide in the bores of the vertical beams 5, pins 29 which protrude therefrom on either side, and on which can rest the horizontal beams 9. On the lower side of the base wing 9 'of the horizontal beam 9, can be provided a recess 31 for receiving the pin 29, as the

shows figure 6.

  In each of the box-shaped frames formed by the vertical and horizontal beams 5, 9 is mounted a panel 11, which consists of a peripheral panel frame 33, of rectangular shape, and a panel lining inserted in this panel frame. The panel frame 33 is made of an extruded frame profile, preferably made of aluminum, the shape of which appears in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. The profile has an anchoring part 33a produced in the form of a box, and intended to be

  inserted into the frame formed by the beams 5, 9.

  This profile part 33a carries a sealing profile 35 of elastomeric material, which is anchored in "T" shaped grooves, which can for example be produced, as shown, as a lip seal , and which seals between the frame profile 33 of the panel 11 and the vertical beam 5, both peripherally against the base wing 5 ′, and frontally against the 'head wing, as shown in Figures 3 and 4. In the same way also takes place the sealing on the horizontal sides of the panels 11, peripherally and frontally, against the horizontal beam 9 , as shown in FIG. 2. The anchoring parts 33a of the panel frame profiles 33, are fixed to the vertical beams 5, and if necessary, also to the horizontal beams 9, by means of screws 21 , which are introduced at p starting from the rear side of the facade, through holes in the head wings of the beams 5, 9, and screwed into tapped holes in the anchoring parts 33a of the panel frame profiles 33. Spacer rings 24 are arranged on the screws 21, between the beam 5 and the profile of

panel frame 33.

  The frame profile 33 of the panel 11 furthermore comprises a support part 33b situated outside the beams 5, 9, and into which a panel lining is inserted, in a sealed manner. In FIG. 3 and in the lower part of FIG. 2, a panel lining is represented, in the form of an insulating double-glazing 37. In the upper part of FIG. 2, on the other hand, is shown for the panel 11 ', a panel lining 39 in the form of a non-transparent plate, furnished with thermal insulation 41 rear. The configuration of the panels, as glazed window panels or non-transparent panels, is however not essential for the rest of the invention. However, the panel surface can also be subdivided, by transoms or other dividing elements, into partial surfaces, which can be of different configurations, for example, partially glazed. In FIG. 4, for reasons of clarity of representation, only the frame profile 33 of two neighboring panels has been shown, while the glazing or the panel lining have been omitted. The anchoring part 33a and the supporting part 33b of the frame profile 33 are connected to each other, by means of a connecting rib 33c, so as to form on the peripheral side of each panel , a guide groove 43, the

  function will be explained later.

  As already mentioned, the vertical beams 5 are produced in the form of racks, that is to say that they have a toothing 20 on the front face of their base wing '. This toothing 20 is shown in part in Figure 2 and in Figure 4, and is otherwise indicated by a dashed line. As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 4, the joint intervals between two neighboring panels 11 are dimensioned in such a way that the teeth 20 are accessible from the outside, through joint intervals 45, so that a chassis of a working elevator can be guided in the guide grooves 43, and can cooperate with the teeth 20, by means of one or

several drive sprockets.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 8, a work lift 50 can be moved vertically on the facade, which is produced as a self-propelled vehicle, and which comprises a drive part 51 and a work platform 53. The width of the working elevator is greater than the width of a panel 11, and the drive part 51 is equipped with two rolling frames 55, which are spaced from the width of a panel 11, and s' engage in the joints between neighboring panels. Each rolling chassis comprises guide rollers 59 mounted on narrow supports 57, in the form of a blade, and guided in the guide grooves 43 of a panel 11, as also shown in FIG. 7. In addition to the rollers guide 59, whose axis of rotation extends parallel to the plane of the facade, it is also possible to provide other guide rollers 61, whose axis of rotation is arranged perpendicular to the plane of the facade, and who roll

  thus on the bottom of the guide groove 43.

  Furthermore, each rolling frame 55 comprises a pinion 63 which meshes with the toothing 20 of the vertical beam 5. The pinions 63 of the two rolling chassis are driven by a drive motor 65 arranged on the driving part 51 We will preferably use a motor 65 which does not require power supply from the outside,

  by cables or the like.

  Use will preferably be made of an internal combustion engine, such as a "Diesel" type engine or a gas engine, the fuel reserve of which is also on board the drive part 51 of the elevator.

working 50.

  On the working platform 53 of the working elevator 50, there are suitable mounting devices, intended for the handling and handling of a panel 11 to be mounted. In Figure 8, these devices are only shown schematically and simplified, in the form of collets 67 equipped with hydraulic cylinders, and capable of engaging, via clamping parts 69, in the groove guide 43 of the panel to be mounted. Furthermore, the working platform 53 can be of such a configuration that it also offers sufficient storage and working space for transporting and mounting the vertical beams and

horizontal 5, 9.

  As can be seen in Figure 8, the drive part 51 of the working elevator 50 is guided in the guide grooves 43 of a panel 11 'already mounted. It is possible that there are provided, on the rolling frames 55, suitable sensors, which react to marks or similar elements provided on the panels 11 and / or the vertical beams 5, by controlling the motor 65 and / or brakes of vehicle (not shown), in such a way that the working lift 50 stops precisely in predetermined positions, such as those necessary for mounting the panels 11, and so as to surely avoid a displacement going beyond

  the end of the panel 11 already mounted.

  The work lift can be controlled by a person on board or by a person in the building, but it can also be controlled without personnel, by means of an automatic control, in the manner of a robot, using the already mentioned sensors and other limit switches or

similar items.

  As a variant of the embodiment shown, the working elevator 50 can also be made so as to have a greater width, so that it extends over the width of two panels, and that it is guided, by through a total of three

  chassis, on three vertical beams 5.

  Each rolling chassis can also be equipped with several driven pinions, in order to distribute the driving forces at several points and thus reduce the point stress on the toothing 20. In addition, the working elevator can be produced and / or converted so that it can be used not only for mounting the facade, but also for maintenance or cleaning of the completed facade. To this end, it can be equipped with an appropriate work platform, a cleaning machine or the like. According to a variant of the facade structure, it is also possible to use, in place of the "T" profiles in one piece, for the vertical beams 5 and / or horizontal 9, profiles of another type . It is for example possible to use for each of the beams, two angle profiles assembled to one another, with the interposition of a seal, to form a "T" profile, one of these angle profiles, but preferably both, being provided with teeth, on the wing moving perpendicularly from the plane of the facade. In addition, it is obvious that to meet the physical requirements of construction, and to absorb thermal expansions, thermal separations and appropriate insulation are put in place in all the suitable places, between the individual beams, as well as between them. this and the building, this being only partially represented on

the drawings.

Claims (9)

CLAIMS.   1. Facade structure in the form of a facade-   curtain for a building (1), comprising a large number of facade elements each having substantially the shape of a rectangular panel (11) of a height preferably equal to the height of a floor, as well as a framework support fixed to the building (1) and intended to support the panels (11), characterized in that the support frame is composed of a lattice of vertical beams (5) and horizontal beams (9), which form a large number of rectangular trellis cells, each having the form of a box frame comprising four interior peripheral faces, in that each panel (11) is inserted, by a part of its thickness, into such a frame in the form of box and is sealed on its periphery relative to the inner surface of the frame, by means of sealing profiles extending over the entire periphery, and in that each panel has a part of its thickness which projects from theframe cited, outwards, and forms an open joint gap (45) with the corresponding thickness part, projecting, from an adjacent panel. 2. Facade structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical and horizontal beams (5, 9) are in the form of beams in "T" profile and are arranged in such a way that the base wing (5 ', 9') of the "T" profile moves perpendicularly away from the building, so that each of the box-shaped frames formed by the beams (5, 9) has adjacent bearing surfaces perpendicularly l 'to each other, perpendicularly and parallel to the plane of the facade, and in that each panel (11) is sealed relative to the bearing surfaces, perpendicularly and parallel to the plane of the facade, by means of profiles d sealing (35). 3. Facade structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each panel (11) is fixed by means of screws (21) or similar elements, on the head wings of vertical beams (5), these wings head extending parallel to the plane of the facade. 4. Facade structure according to one of   Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the   vertical beams (5) are fixed on the building (1), and horizontal beams (9) on the vertical beams (5).   5. Facade structure according to one of   claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the   vertical beams (5) have on their outside side a toothing (20), and the vertical lateral sides of the panels (11) are provided with grooves   guide (43) facing each other.   6. Facade structure according to one of   claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at most   minus the vertical beams (5) are made in one special steel.   7. work elevator for mounting and / or maintenance of a facade structure according to claim 5, characterized by two rolling frames (55) which are arranged at a distance from each other, corresponding the width of a panel (11), which engage in the gap between two adjacent panels, and which have guide rollers (59, 61) intended to engage in the guide grooves (43 ) panels, as well as at least one pinion (63) intended to mesh with the toothing (20) of the vertical beams (5), the elevator further comprising a drive motor (65) intended to drive the pinion ( 63), and a work platform (53)   comprising mounting and / or maintenance devices.   8. Work elevator according to claim 7, characterized in that the devices for mounting the working platform (53) are constituted by devices (67) for supporting and moving a panel (11), preferably actuated hydraulically. 9. A method of mounting a facade structure according to claim 5, using an elevator according to claim 8, characterized in that the beams (5, 9) are first mounted and at least one panel ( 11) of one or two lower floors, using usual installations, such as for example scaffolding and / or a crane, in that the work elevator is then put in place (50) in the guide grooves (43) of a panel (11) mounted, so that it can move vertically, by means of its own drive mechanism, by the engagement of its pinion (63) in the teeth (20) vertical beams (5), and in that using the working elevator (50), the beams are mounted   vertical and horizontal (5, 9) on the building,   above the panel (11) already mounted, and, by means of the mounting devices (67) of the working platform (53), the following panel (11) is then hydraulically inserted into the box-shaped frame produced by vertical and horizontal beams   (5, 9), this panel then being fixed.